ClinPath Lecture Exam 2

A needle aspirate of a mass contains abnormal lymphocytes. Which of the following statements is true?

***(i cant find the answer to this one, someone find it and edit this card please)***

Canine urine is normally?

Clear

Which of the following is NOT important when submitting a biopsy sample?

Color of the animal

What is the generic term for any cancer arising from the cells of Connective Tissue?

Sarcoma

Sarcoptic mange in dogs is commonly called?

Scabies

You perform an abdominal tap on a Cocker Spaniel and obtain about 300mL of a serosanguineous fluid with the following properties: Protein-1 gm/dL Cells-Few RBC SG-1.006 You most likely report this type of fluid as a?

Transudate

When collecting semen or obtaining a vaginal smear from the canine, the technician must always

Wash and dry the penis or the vulva

The discharge seen with pyometra is often ___ in color.

Yellow-brown

Wright's Stain

histologic stain that facilitates the differentiation of blood cell types; a mixture of eosin (red) & methylene blue dyes; used primarily to stain peripheral blood smears and bone marrow aspirates

Superficial Epithelial Cells

the largest cells on a vaginal smear, polygonal, flat, sometimes having the appearance of being folded with nuclei either absent or pyknotic (very small and dark);without nuclei are often referred to as being "fully cornified";not normally seen during anestrus & increase during proestrus. Large numbers indicate estrus, and their abrupt and precipitous decline marks the onset of diestrus

Seminal fluid

the part of the semen that is produced by various accessory glands

Thoracentesis

procedure to remove fluid from the space between the lining of the outside of the lungs (pleura) and the wall of the chest

Refractive Index

the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to its velocity in a specified medium

Sperm morphology

the size and shape of sperm, one factor that's examined as part of a semen analysis to evaluate male infertility

Parabasal Epithelial Cells

the smallest epithelial cells, round or nearly round and have a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio; prevalent on smears taken during diestrus and anestrus, and not uncommon during early proestrus.

Sperm motility

the ability of sperm to move properly through the female reproductive tract or through water to reach the egg

Titer

the concentration of an antibody, as determined by finding the highest dilution at which it is still able to cause agglutination of the antigen

Metastasis

the development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer

True or False: High viscosity fluids are difficult to smear evenly and may damage the cells.

true

True or False:Impression smears are useful for lesions whose cells exfoliate easily.

truee

These are the most commonly seen crystals in urine sediment of the dog.

Struvite

Tissue specimens sent to the labe should not be thicker than

1 cm (.25 inch)

Histology tissue samples should be placed in formalin in a

10:1 Ratio (fix:tissue)

While examining a slide prepared from a FNA, you notice hypersegmented neutrophils and plasma cells. This indicates

A Chronic inflammatory condition

N/C Ratio

A crude parameter used in cytology pathology, in which interphase nuclei are proportionately larger than the surrounding cytoplasm, a finding which is often increased in malignant cells

Chylous

A milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fat extracted from chyme by the lacteals during digestion and passed to the bloodstream through the thoracic duct.

Exfoliative Cytology

A quick and simple procedure, is an important alternative to biopsy in certain situations; where cells shed from body surfaces, such as the inside of the mouth, are collected and examined.

Iodine Stain

A stain used to detect a variety of polysaccharides, such as cellulose, chitin, and glycogen, in which potassium iodide reacts with starch to produce a blue color.

Specificity

A test's ability to detect only the disease in question

Which of the following is a characteristic of lymphoma cells?

All of the above: Anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, multiple nuclei

Macrocyte

Abnormally large Blood cells

An infestation with mites is known as?

Acariasis

When performing a FNA, you should place negative pressure on the collection syringe ____ entering the mass.

After

If you were looking at a slide that contained primarily neutrophils with bacteria you would say this was representative of what process?

An active inflammatory process

You perform a vaginal smear on Cupcake, a mini poodle and find the following: 100% parabasal epi cells few leukocytes no RBC's What stage of the repro cycle is she in?

Anestrus

AI

Artificial Insemination

For a skin biopsy, you would use which of the following biopsy instruments?

Punch Biopsy

When preparing an impression smear, be sure to ____ the tissue prior to making the slide.

Blot

Which term describes tumors of epithelial cell origin?

Carcinoma

Which of the following is NOT a good reason for using AI?

Cheaper than natural breeding

You perform a Thoracic tap on a cat and retrieve a milky fluid that is pink-tinged. It is most likely ______ ____.

Chylous Fluid

Eosin Nigrosin Stain

Commonly used because it is effective, simple and, in addition to allowing sperm to be readily visualized, it is a so-called "live-dead" stain, allowing one to assess membrane integrity at the same time as morphology.

Effusion

Escape or leaking of fluid into a body cavity.

Identify the term that refers to the complete repro cycle of the bitch.

Estrous

You perform a veginal smear on Katy, the most beautiful collie you have ever seen, and find the following: 98% superficial cornified epi cells no WBC's or RBC's What stage of the repro cycle is she in?

Estrus

An abdominal fluid sample contained the following: WBC's (mostly neuts)-25,000 cells RBC's-numerous Bacteria-many gram neg rods How would you classify this fluid?

Exudate

True or False:Cytology samples should be fixed using 10% formalin prior to submitting them to the lab.

F

True or False:Material collected from a FNA provides excellent info on the histopathology of the mass.

False

Wood splinters or metal objects imbedded in the paw may lead to a

Granuloma

A wedge biopsy would be an example of an _________ biopsy.

Incisional

Pediculosis

Infestation with lice

Acariasis

Infestation with mites

Lymphadenitis

Inflammation of the Lymph Nodes

Buffy Coat

Layer of material above packed erythrocytes after centrifugation consisting primarily of leukocytes and thrombocytes

Which of the following is NOT necessary for a proper skin scraping?

Lidocaine injection

Cornified Epithelial Cells

Meaning Keratanized; Usually used to describe vaginal epi cells in a vaginal cytology smear from a patient in estrus.

You are looking at an impression smear of a mass just removed from the skin of a dog. You see many cells that are filled with dark brown/black granules. What is one possible type of tumor that would present with this picture?

Melanoma

HoneyBun, a 6 yr old Rottweiler, has 35% progressively motile sperm. Is he a good candidate for breeding?

No; low percentage

A leukocyte that has differentiated to an antibody-secreting cell is known as

Plasma cell

A disadvantage to the Diff-Quick types of stains is that they do not stain ______ very well.

Polychromatophilic erythrocytes

The ability of a method to be accurate and precise is known as?

Reliability

When submitting a tissue sample to the lab, an excisional biopsy

Removes the entire mass

A Wood's Lamp may be use to help identify

Ring worm

Diff-Quick Stain

Romanowsky stain variant, commonly used in histological staining to rapidly stain and differentiate a variety of smears, commonly blood and non-gynecological smears, including those of fine needle aspirates.

When collecting from a dog, which fraction contains most of the sperm?

Second

When collecting from a bull, you should collect the ____ fraction of the ejaculate.

Second, The sperm rich portion

Identify the stain used for urinary sedimentation evaluation.

Sedi-Stain

True or False:A urine sample that is 37 degrees Celcius should not be tested with reagent strips.

T

Neoplasia

Term used to describe any growth; usually a tumor.

Benign

Term usually used to describe a tumor or growth that is not malignant; Also refers to any condition that is not life threatening.

Sperm Concentration

The number of sperm/mL in semen

Toxicology

branch of science concerned with the nature, effects, and detection of poisons

True or False: Pyometra is a uterine infection that occurs as a result of hormonal change in the female reproductive tract.

True

True or False:Biopsy samples may be frozen prior to being fixed.

True?

Carcinoma

Tumor of Epithelial cell origin

When does Ovulation occur in the bitch?

Two days after the LH surge

Anisokaryosis

Variation in the size of the nuclei of cells

According to the text book, a dog with a sperm motility of 85% would be classified as?

Very good

What type of instrument would NOT be used in th elab to estimate the total number of sperm in a sample?

X-ray crystallography

New Methylene Blue

a basic thiazin dye used for supravital staining of reticulocytes in blood smears

Pleural Fluid

a buildup of fluid in the pleural space, an area between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and the chest cavity; AKA effusion or pulmonary effusion.

Mast Cell

a cell filled with basophil granules, found in numbers in connective tissue and releasing histamine and other substances during inflammatory and allergic reactions.

Sudan Stain

a group of azo compounds used as biological stains for fats

Sarcoma

a malignant tumor of connective or other nonepithelial tissue

Supravital Stain

a method of staining used in microscopy to examine living cells that have been removed from an organism

Papanicolaou Stain

a multichromatic staining cytological technique developed by George Papanikolaou, the father of cytopathology

Fine Needle Aspiration

a procedure in which a thin needle is used to draw cells or fluid from a lump or mass under the skin.

Histiocyte

a stationary phagocytic cell present in connective tissue

Synovial Fluid

a transparent viscid lubricating fluid secreted by a membrane of an articulation, bursa, or tendon sheath AKA joint fluid, synovia

Reliability

an experiment, test, or measuring procedure yields the same results on repeated trials

Microcyte

an unusually small red blood cell, associated with certain anemias

Spectrophotometers

apparatus for measuring the intensity of light in a part of the spectrum, especially as transmitted or emitted by particular substances.

Intermediate Epithelial Cells

cells vary in size and shape, but typically have a diameter two to three times that of parabasal cells; subclassify these cells into: small intermediates: nearly round or oval shape with large, prominent nuclei large intermediates: polygonal shape with a small nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio

Cerebrospinal Fluid

clear watery fluid that fills the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater.

Purulent

consisting of, containing, or discharging pus

Transudate

extravascular fluid with low protein content and a low specific gravity low nucleated cell counts and the primary cells macrophages, lymphocytes and mesothelial cells

pH

figure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale on which 7 is neutral, lower values are more acid, and higher values more alkaline

Plasma cell

fully differentiated B cell that produces a single type of antibody

Pyknosis

is the irreversible condensation of chromatin in the nucleus of a cell undergoing necrosis

Pleomorphic

refers to something that takes a variety of shapes and forms; has multiple morphologies