ClinPath Lecture Exam 2
A needle aspirate of a mass contains abnormal lymphocytes. Which of the following statements is true?
***(i cant find the answer to this one, someone find it and edit this card please)***
Canine urine is normally?
Clear
Which of the following is NOT important when submitting a biopsy sample?
Color of the animal
What is the generic term for any cancer arising from the cells of Connective Tissue?
Sarcoma
Sarcoptic mange in dogs is commonly called?
Scabies
You perform an abdominal tap on a Cocker Spaniel and obtain about 300mL of a serosanguineous fluid with the following properties: Protein-1 gm/dL Cells-Few RBC SG-1.006 You most likely report this type of fluid as a?
Transudate
When collecting semen or obtaining a vaginal smear from the canine, the technician must always
Wash and dry the penis or the vulva
The discharge seen with pyometra is often ___ in color.
Yellow-brown
Wright's Stain
histologic stain that facilitates the differentiation of blood cell types; a mixture of eosin (red) & methylene blue dyes; used primarily to stain peripheral blood smears and bone marrow aspirates
Superficial Epithelial Cells
the largest cells on a vaginal smear, polygonal, flat, sometimes having the appearance of being folded with nuclei either absent or pyknotic (very small and dark);without nuclei are often referred to as being "fully cornified";not normally seen during anestrus & increase during proestrus. Large numbers indicate estrus, and their abrupt and precipitous decline marks the onset of diestrus
Seminal fluid
the part of the semen that is produced by various accessory glands
Thoracentesis
procedure to remove fluid from the space between the lining of the outside of the lungs (pleura) and the wall of the chest
Refractive Index
the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to its velocity in a specified medium
Sperm morphology
the size and shape of sperm, one factor that's examined as part of a semen analysis to evaluate male infertility
Parabasal Epithelial Cells
the smallest epithelial cells, round or nearly round and have a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio; prevalent on smears taken during diestrus and anestrus, and not uncommon during early proestrus.
Sperm motility
the ability of sperm to move properly through the female reproductive tract or through water to reach the egg
Titer
the concentration of an antibody, as determined by finding the highest dilution at which it is still able to cause agglutination of the antigen
Metastasis
the development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer
True or False: High viscosity fluids are difficult to smear evenly and may damage the cells.
true
True or False:Impression smears are useful for lesions whose cells exfoliate easily.
truee
These are the most commonly seen crystals in urine sediment of the dog.
Struvite
Tissue specimens sent to the labe should not be thicker than
1 cm (.25 inch)
Histology tissue samples should be placed in formalin in a
10:1 Ratio (fix:tissue)
While examining a slide prepared from a FNA, you notice hypersegmented neutrophils and plasma cells. This indicates
A Chronic inflammatory condition
N/C Ratio
A crude parameter used in cytology pathology, in which interphase nuclei are proportionately larger than the surrounding cytoplasm, a finding which is often increased in malignant cells
Chylous
A milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fat extracted from chyme by the lacteals during digestion and passed to the bloodstream through the thoracic duct.
Exfoliative Cytology
A quick and simple procedure, is an important alternative to biopsy in certain situations; where cells shed from body surfaces, such as the inside of the mouth, are collected and examined.
Iodine Stain
A stain used to detect a variety of polysaccharides, such as cellulose, chitin, and glycogen, in which potassium iodide reacts with starch to produce a blue color.
Specificity
A test's ability to detect only the disease in question
Which of the following is a characteristic of lymphoma cells?
All of the above: Anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, multiple nuclei
Macrocyte
Abnormally large Blood cells
An infestation with mites is known as?
Acariasis
When performing a FNA, you should place negative pressure on the collection syringe ____ entering the mass.
After
If you were looking at a slide that contained primarily neutrophils with bacteria you would say this was representative of what process?
An active inflammatory process
You perform a vaginal smear on Cupcake, a mini poodle and find the following: 100% parabasal epi cells few leukocytes no RBC's What stage of the repro cycle is she in?
Anestrus
AI
Artificial Insemination
For a skin biopsy, you would use which of the following biopsy instruments?
Punch Biopsy
When preparing an impression smear, be sure to ____ the tissue prior to making the slide.
Blot
Which term describes tumors of epithelial cell origin?
Carcinoma
Which of the following is NOT a good reason for using AI?
Cheaper than natural breeding
You perform a Thoracic tap on a cat and retrieve a milky fluid that is pink-tinged. It is most likely ______ ____.
Chylous Fluid
Eosin Nigrosin Stain
Commonly used because it is effective, simple and, in addition to allowing sperm to be readily visualized, it is a so-called "live-dead" stain, allowing one to assess membrane integrity at the same time as morphology.
Effusion
Escape or leaking of fluid into a body cavity.
Identify the term that refers to the complete repro cycle of the bitch.
Estrous
You perform a veginal smear on Katy, the most beautiful collie you have ever seen, and find the following: 98% superficial cornified epi cells no WBC's or RBC's What stage of the repro cycle is she in?
Estrus
An abdominal fluid sample contained the following: WBC's (mostly neuts)-25,000 cells RBC's-numerous Bacteria-many gram neg rods How would you classify this fluid?
Exudate
True or False:Cytology samples should be fixed using 10% formalin prior to submitting them to the lab.
F
True or False:Material collected from a FNA provides excellent info on the histopathology of the mass.
False
Wood splinters or metal objects imbedded in the paw may lead to a
Granuloma
A wedge biopsy would be an example of an _________ biopsy.
Incisional
Pediculosis
Infestation with lice
Acariasis
Infestation with mites
Lymphadenitis
Inflammation of the Lymph Nodes
Buffy Coat
Layer of material above packed erythrocytes after centrifugation consisting primarily of leukocytes and thrombocytes
Which of the following is NOT necessary for a proper skin scraping?
Lidocaine injection
Cornified Epithelial Cells
Meaning Keratanized; Usually used to describe vaginal epi cells in a vaginal cytology smear from a patient in estrus.
You are looking at an impression smear of a mass just removed from the skin of a dog. You see many cells that are filled with dark brown/black granules. What is one possible type of tumor that would present with this picture?
Melanoma
HoneyBun, a 6 yr old Rottweiler, has 35% progressively motile sperm. Is he a good candidate for breeding?
No; low percentage
A leukocyte that has differentiated to an antibody-secreting cell is known as
Plasma cell
A disadvantage to the Diff-Quick types of stains is that they do not stain ______ very well.
Polychromatophilic erythrocytes
The ability of a method to be accurate and precise is known as?
Reliability
When submitting a tissue sample to the lab, an excisional biopsy
Removes the entire mass
A Wood's Lamp may be use to help identify
Ring worm
Diff-Quick Stain
Romanowsky stain variant, commonly used in histological staining to rapidly stain and differentiate a variety of smears, commonly blood and non-gynecological smears, including those of fine needle aspirates.
When collecting from a dog, which fraction contains most of the sperm?
Second
When collecting from a bull, you should collect the ____ fraction of the ejaculate.
Second, The sperm rich portion
Identify the stain used for urinary sedimentation evaluation.
Sedi-Stain
True or False:A urine sample that is 37 degrees Celcius should not be tested with reagent strips.
T
Neoplasia
Term used to describe any growth; usually a tumor.
Benign
Term usually used to describe a tumor or growth that is not malignant; Also refers to any condition that is not life threatening.
Sperm Concentration
The number of sperm/mL in semen
Toxicology
branch of science concerned with the nature, effects, and detection of poisons
True or False: Pyometra is a uterine infection that occurs as a result of hormonal change in the female reproductive tract.
True
True or False:Biopsy samples may be frozen prior to being fixed.
True?
Carcinoma
Tumor of Epithelial cell origin
When does Ovulation occur in the bitch?
Two days after the LH surge
Anisokaryosis
Variation in the size of the nuclei of cells
According to the text book, a dog with a sperm motility of 85% would be classified as?
Very good
What type of instrument would NOT be used in th elab to estimate the total number of sperm in a sample?
X-ray crystallography
New Methylene Blue
a basic thiazin dye used for supravital staining of reticulocytes in blood smears
Pleural Fluid
a buildup of fluid in the pleural space, an area between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and the chest cavity; AKA effusion or pulmonary effusion.
Mast Cell
a cell filled with basophil granules, found in numbers in connective tissue and releasing histamine and other substances during inflammatory and allergic reactions.
Sudan Stain
a group of azo compounds used as biological stains for fats
Sarcoma
a malignant tumor of connective or other nonepithelial tissue
Supravital Stain
a method of staining used in microscopy to examine living cells that have been removed from an organism
Papanicolaou Stain
a multichromatic staining cytological technique developed by George Papanikolaou, the father of cytopathology
Fine Needle Aspiration
a procedure in which a thin needle is used to draw cells or fluid from a lump or mass under the skin.
Histiocyte
a stationary phagocytic cell present in connective tissue
Synovial Fluid
a transparent viscid lubricating fluid secreted by a membrane of an articulation, bursa, or tendon sheath AKA joint fluid, synovia
Reliability
an experiment, test, or measuring procedure yields the same results on repeated trials
Microcyte
an unusually small red blood cell, associated with certain anemias
Spectrophotometers
apparatus for measuring the intensity of light in a part of the spectrum, especially as transmitted or emitted by particular substances.
Intermediate Epithelial Cells
cells vary in size and shape, but typically have a diameter two to three times that of parabasal cells; subclassify these cells into: small intermediates: nearly round or oval shape with large, prominent nuclei large intermediates: polygonal shape with a small nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio
Cerebrospinal Fluid
clear watery fluid that fills the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater.
Purulent
consisting of, containing, or discharging pus
Transudate
extravascular fluid with low protein content and a low specific gravity low nucleated cell counts and the primary cells macrophages, lymphocytes and mesothelial cells
pH
figure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale on which 7 is neutral, lower values are more acid, and higher values more alkaline
Plasma cell
fully differentiated B cell that produces a single type of antibody
Pyknosis
is the irreversible condensation of chromatin in the nucleus of a cell undergoing necrosis
Pleomorphic
refers to something that takes a variety of shapes and forms; has multiple morphologies