Clotting and Cellular Regulation practice questions

Nursing Interventions for pts WITH DVT:

"DEEP CLOT" Don't massage or rub extremity Elevate affected extremity ABOVE heart level Ensure bed rest Pharmacological Measures-Heparin & Warfarin Compresses (warm and moist)to extremity Leg circumference measurement (calf) Observe for signs and symptoms of a PE Tight compression stockings

Virchow's Triad

"SHE" Stasis of venous circulation Hypercoagulability Endothelial damage

Nursing actions before transfusions:

-Assess platelet and hemoglobin -Verify prescription (type of product, dose, and transfusion time) -Assess vitals, urine output, skin color, and history of transfusion reactions -Use a central catheter or at least a 19 gauge needle -Transfuse as soon as possible from blood bank -W/another nurse verify pt by name and number, check blood compatibility, and note expiration time

Fresh frozen plasma is transfused for ...

-Deficiency in plasma coagulation factors -Prothrombin or partial thromboplastin time 1.5X normal

Examples of biological response modifiers

-Filgrastim (Neupogen) -Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta)

Fresh frozen plasma isn't given until PTT is

1.5 times normal

A pt with a platelet count below ___________ may need a ______________

10,000 platelet transfusion

Normal platelet count

150,000-400,000

Teaching needed for Doxorubicin

2 forms of contraceptives need to be used

Administer each unit between _______ and ______ hrs with _____ hrs between units

2-4 hours with 2 hours between units if possible

Blood can't hang for more than ______

4 hrs

Normal WBC count

5,000-10,000

If PaO2 is below _____ , _________ is present

75, hypoxemia

Normal calcium levels

9-10.5

malignant tumor

A cancerous tumor

The mother asks about what she will need to do when her son begins losing his baby teeth because bleeding will occur. What response by the nurse is best? A. "Call the hematologist when his first tooth begins to loosen so you can plan when he'll need additional AHF." B. "Keep ice packs in the freezer and in the car so you'll always have them whenever he loses a tooth." C. "It's too soon to talk about that happening because it's several years away." D. "That's something that's best to ask your sons hematologist."

A. "Call the hematologist when his first tooth begins to loosen so you can plan when he'll need additional AHF."

The parents are concerned that their son will become crippled as a result of his hemophilia. What response by the nurse is most accurate as well as therapeutic? A. "With today's treatments, many children reach adulthood without joint damage." B. "As long as he gets his AHF weekly, there will never be joint damage." C. "As long as he doesn't get hurt, his joints will be fine." D. " There are worse problems than your son being crippled."

A. "With today's treatments, many children reach adulthood without joint damage."

The nurse is caring for a group of clients on a Telemetry unit. When providing client education, which client will the nurse determine most needs information regarding preventing pulmonary embolism? A. A woman who frequently flies to Europe B. A man who works on a farm C. A man admitted for a myocardial infarction D. A woman with a bleeding disorder

A. A woman who frequently flies to Europe

A client who has a Venus thromboembolism in the upper arm is to be started on oral warfarin (Coumadin) while still receiving an intravenous heparin infusion. What is the nurse's best action? A. Administer the medication as prescribed B. Call the provider immediately to clarify the warfarin and Heparin orders with the provider C. Hold a dose of warfarin until the client's partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is within normal range D. Place the client on a bed alarm as a safety precaution

A. Administer the medication as prescribed

Which risk factors increase a client's risk for Venous thromboembolism that made progress to a pulmonary embolism? Select all that apply. A. Age 72 years B. Admission weight of 290 lbs C. Ability to ambulate with the assistance of one person D. Presence of a central venous catheter E. Non-smoker

A. Age 72 years B. Admission weight of 290 lbs D. Presence of a central venous catheter

The nurse is teaching a client about the risk factors associated with colorectal cancer. The nurse determines that further teaching is necessary related to colorectal cancer if the client identifies which item as an associated risk factor? A. Age younger than 50 years B. History of colorectal polyps C. Family history of colorectal cancer D. Chronic inflammatory bowel disease

A. Age younger than 50 years

Which of the following are side effects of chemotherapy? Select all that apply. A. Alopecia B. Thrombocytopenia C. Increased appetite D. Sleep disturbances E. Forgetfulness

A. Alopecia (LOSS OF HAIR) B. Thrombocytopenia D. Sleep disturbances (CHEMO BRAIN) E. Forgetfulness (CHEMO BRAIN)

A distant family member arrives to visit a female client recently diagnosed with leukemia. The family member asked the nurse what should I say to her? Which response does the nurse suggest? Select all that apply. A. Ask her how she's feeling B. Ask her if she needs anything C. Tell her to be brave and to not cry D. Tell her what you know about leukemia E. Talk to her as he normally would when you haven't seen her for a long time

A. Ask her how she's feeling B. Ask her if she needs anything E. Talk to her as he normally would when you haven't seen her for a long time

The nurse has received and report that a client receiving chemotherapy has severe neutropenia. Which intervention should the nurse plan to implement? Select all that apply. A. Assess for fever B. Observe for bleeding C. Administer pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) D. Do not permit fresh flowers or plants in the room E. Do not allow client's 16-year old son to visit F. Teach the client to omit raw fruits and vegetables from the diet

A. Assess for fever C. Administer pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) D. Do not permit fresh flowers or plants in the room F. Teach the client to omit raw fruits and vegetables from the diet

When caring for the client receiving cancer chemotherapy which signs or symptoms related to thrombocytopenia should the nurse report to the healthcare provider? Select all that apply. A. Bruises B. Fever C. Petechiae D. Epistaxis E. Pallor

A. Bruises C. Petechiae D. Epistaxis

When caring for a group of clients at risk for or diagnosed with pulmonary embolism, the nurse calls the rapid response team for intervention for which client? A. Client treated for a pulmonary embolism with IV heparin who has hemoptysis and tachycardia B. Client with deep vein thrombosis who is receiving low molecular weight heparin and has ongoing calf pain C. Client with a right pneumothorax who is being treated with a chest tube and has a pulse ox reading of 94% D. Client who was extubated three days ago and has decreased breath sounds at the posterior bases of both lungs

A. Client treated for a pulmonary embolism with IV heparin who has hemoptysis and tachycardia

The RN is working on an oncology unit has just received report on these clients. Which client should be assessed first? A. Client with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia who has just been admitted with an elevated temperature B. Client with lymphoma who will need administration of an antiemetic before receiving chemotherapy C. Client with metastatic breast cancer who is scheduled for external beam radiation in 1 hour D. Client with xerostomia associated with laryngeal cancer who needs oral care before breakfast

A. Client with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia who has just been admitted with an elevated temperature

The nurse is assessing a client with possible pulmonary embolism. For which symptoms consistent with PE will the nurse assess? Select all that apply. A. Dizziness and syncope B. Shortness of breath worsening over the last 2 weeks C. Inspiratory chest pain D. Productive cough E. Pink, frothy sputum F. Tachycardia

A. Dizziness and syncope C. Inspiratory chest pain F. Tachycardia

What are the rist factors for the development of leukemia? Select all that apply. A. Down syndrome B. Ionizing radiation C. Prematurity at birth D. Chemical exposure E. Bone marrow hypoplasia F. Multiple blood transfusions

A. Down syndrome B. Ionizing radiation D. Chemical exposure E. Bone marrow hypoplasia

A client is admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. Which assessment finding would the nurse expect to note in the client? A. Enlarged lymph nodes B. Fatigue C. Weight gain D. Weakness

A. Enlarged lymph nodes

Which signs and symptoms does the nurse expect to find in clients with any type of anemia? Select all that apply. A. Exercise intolerance B. Fatigue C. Glossitis D. Jaundice E. Leukopenia F. Microcytic red blood cells G. Paresthesias of the hands and feet H. Tachycardia

A. Exercise intolerance B. Fatigue H. Tachycardia

A child diagnosed with lymphoma is receiving extensive radiation therapy. The MOST common side effect of this treatment is: A. Fatigue B. Seizures C. Neuropathy D. Lymphadenopathy

A. Fatigue

Which signs are neurologic manifestations of acute leukemia? Select all that apply. A. Fever B. Fatigue C. Headache D. Hematuria E. Ecchymoses

A. Fever B. Fatigue C. Headache

The oncology nurse is caring for a group of clients receiving chemotherapy. The client with which sign/symptom is displaying bone marrow suppression? A. Hemoglobin of 7.4g/dL and hematocrit of 21.8% B. Potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L and diarrhea C. 250,000 platelets/mm3 D. 5000 white blood cells/mm3

A. Hemoglobin of 7.4g/dL and hematocrit of 21.8%

When monitoring a client with suspected syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone SIADH. The nurse notify the healthcare provider for which signs and symptoms consistent with the syndrome? Select all apply. A. Hyponatremia B. Mental status changes C. Azotemia D. Bradycardia E. Weakness

A. Hyponatremia B. Mental status changes E. Weakness

An 82-year-old client with anemia is prescribed two units of whole blood. Which assessment findings cause the nurse to discontinue the transfusion because it is unsafe for the client? Select all that apply. A. Hypotension B. Hypertension C. Decreased pallor D. Rapid, bounding pulse E. Flattened superficial veins F. Capillary refill less than 3 seconds

A. Hypotension B. Hypertension D. Rapid, bounding pulse

The nurse is infusing platelets to a client who is scheduled for a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. What procedure does the nurse follow for administering this blood product? A. Infuse the transfusion over 15-30 minute period B. Set up the infusion with the standard transfusion Y tubing C. Give intravenous corticosteroids before starting the transfusion D. Allow platelets to stabilize at the client's bedside for 30 minutes

A. Infuse the transfusion over 15-30 minute period

Nursing considerations related to the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs include: A. Many chemotherapeutic agents are vesicants that can cause severe cellular damage if the drug infiltrates B. Good handwashing is essential when handling chemotherapeutic drugs but gloves are not necessary C. Infiltration will not occur unless superficial veins are used for the intravenous infusion D. Anaphylaxis cannot occur because the drugs are considered toxic to normal cells

A. Many chemotherapeutic agents are vesicants that can cause severe cellular damage if the drug infiltrates

The nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy who reports anorexia. Which measure does the nurse use to best monitor for cachexia? A. Monitor weight B. Trend red blood cells and hemoglobin and hematocrit C. Monitor platelets D. Observe for motor deficits

A. Monitor weight

Nurse is caring for a client with neutropenia who has a suspected infection. Which intervention when the nurse implement first? A. Obtain prescribed blood cultures B. Place the client on bleeding precautions C. Initiate the administration of prescribed antibiotics D. Give 1000 mL of IV normal saline to hydrate the client

A. Obtain prescribed blood cultures

The nurse is performing an assessment on a client with anemia. What are the typical clinical manifestations of anemia? Select all that apply. A. Pallor B. Fatigue C. Tachycardia D. Dyspnea on exertion E. Elevated temperature F. Decreased breath sounds

A. Pallor B. Fatigue C. Tachycardia D. Dyspnea on exertion

The nurse include which factor in teaching regarding the typical warning signs of cancer. Select all that apply. A. Persistent constipation B. Scab present for 6 months C. Curdlike vaginal discharge D. Axillary swelling E. Headache

A. Persistent constipation B. Scab present for 6 months D. Axillary swelling

A child with newly diagnosed leukemia has been admitted for the initial round of chemotherapy. What common signs and symptoms of leukemia related to bone marrow involvement with the nurse expect to find either in the child's history or during the assessment? A. Petechiae, infection, and fatigue B. Headache, papilledema, and irritability C. Muscle wasting, weight loss, and fatigue D. Decreased intracranial pressure, psychosis, and confusion

A. Petechiae, infection, and fatigue

The nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed anemia about conserving energy. Which instructions for the nurse give to the client? Select all that apply. A. Provide yourself with 4 to 6 small, easy to eat meals daily B. Perform your care activities and groups to conserve your energy C. Stop activity when shortness of breath or palpitations is present D. Allow others to perform your care during periods of extreme fatigue E. Drink small quantities of protein shakes and nutritional supplements daily F. Perform a complete bath daily to reduce your chance of getting an infection

A. Provide yourself with 4 to 6 small, easy to eat meals daily C. Stop activity when shortness of breath or palpitations is present D. Allow others to perform your care during periods of extreme fatigue E. Drink small quantities of protein shakes and nutritional supplements daily

What anticipatory guidance would be most appropriate in order to help the parents promote their toddler with hemophilia growth and development? A. Put a gate at the top of the stairs B. Put a gate at the bottom of the stairs C. Pad the corners of hard tables D. Limit the toddler's activity E. Make certain that the child is supervised F. Delay using a helmet until the child is riding a bike

A. Put a gate at the top of the stairs B. Put a gate at the bottom of the stairs C. Pad the corners of hard tables E. Make certain that the child is supervised

When caring for a client with a pulmonary embolism, which priority and intervention will the nurse use to reduce anxiety? A. Remain with the client and provide oxygen in a calm manner. B. Have the client breathe into a brown paper bag using pursed lips. C. Offer the client a mild sedative. D. Allow a family member to remain in the room.

A. Remain with the client and provide oxygen in a calm manner. Rationale: Priority nursing intervention is to correct hypoxemia, the underlying cause of anxiety.

The nurse is assessing several clients who are receiving transfusions of blood components. Which assessment finding requires immediate action by the nurse? A. Respiratory rate of 36 breaths per minute in a client receiving red blood cells B. Temperature of 99.1°F for a client with a platelet transfusion C. Sleepiness and a client who received diphenhydramine as a pre-medication D. A partial thromboplastin time (PTT) that is 1.2 times normal in a client who received a transfusion of fresh frozen plasma

A. Respiratory rate of 36 breaths per minute in a client receiving red blood cells

What techniques do you use when giving the subcutaneous injection of enoxaparin? (select all that apply) A. Rotate injection site B. Give the injection near the umbilicus C. Expel the bubble from the prefilled syringe D. After inserting the needle, do not aspirate before giving the injection E. Massage the injection site gently after the injection is given

A. Rotate injection site D. After inserting the needle, do not aspirate before giving the injection (given with air bubble)

A nurse plans a community education program related to prevention of the cancer with the highest death rates in both women and men. What should the nurse include in the teaching plan? A. Smoking cessation B. Screening with colonoscopy C. Regular examination of reproductive organs D. Use of sunscreen as protection from ultraviolet light

A. Smoking cessation

Client who is receiving a blood transfusion suddenly tells the nurse, I don't feel right! What is the nurses first action? A. Stop the infusion B. Call the rapid response team C. Slow the infusion rate of the transfusion D. Obtain vital signs and continue to monitor

A. Stop the infusion

.Nurse is monitoring the intravenous infusion of an anti-neoplastic medication. During the infusion the client complains of pain at the insertion site. On inspection the nurse knows redness and swelling and that the infusion of the medication has slowed and rain. The nurse suspects extravasation and should take which actions? select all that apply. A. Stop the infusion B. Notify the HCP C. Prepare to apply ice or heat to the site D. Start the IV at a distal part of the same vein E. Prepare to administer a prescribed antidote into the site F. Increase the flow rate of the solution to flush the tissue

A. Stop the infusion B. Notify the HCP C. Prepare to apply ice or heat to the site E. Prepare to administer a prescribed antidote into the site

Which patient is at increased risk for development of hemophilia? A. The son of the woman who is a carrier B. The son of the father who has hemophilia C. The daughter of a woman who is a carrier D. The daughter of a father who has hemophilia

A. The son of the woman who is a carrier

A nurse is mentoring a recent graduate registered nurse about administering blood and blood products. What action does the nurse perform before starting the transfusion? A. Verify with another RN all of the data on blood products B. Use a 22 gauge needle to obtain venous access when starting the infusion C. Remain with a client who is receiving the blood for the first five minutes of the infusion D. Obtain the clients initial set of vital signs within the first 10 minutes of the infusion

A. Verify with another RN all of the data on blood products

Avoid ______ medication in pts with Hemophilia

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)

Anemia precautions

Administer epoetin alfa subQ once a week Transfuse 2 units of PRBCs over 4 hrs Assess for SOB (indicating hypoxia)

Pancytopenia

Anemia Neutropenia Thrombocytopenia

Side effects of chemotherapy

Anemia Neutropenia Thrombocytopenia Nausea and Vomiting Alopecia (hair loss) Mucositis(open mouth sores) or thrush Bone marrow suppression

Epoetin alfa (erythropoietin) used for _______ and does ________

Anemia Stimulates Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Increases RBC production

A patient with leukemia is at risk for ....

Anemia Thrombocytopenia Neutropenia

Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBCs) are transfused for...

Anemia or hemoglobin less than 6g/dL

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

Anticoagulation-low molecular weight heparin-SubQ Post op At risk for bleeding

Nursing care after a bone marrow aspiration

Apply ice pack to needle site Observe every 2 hours for signs of bleeding or infection

Thrombocytopenia precautions

Avoid IM injections and venipunctures Transfuse platelets STAT Use a soft toothbrush Use only electric razor Administer docusate PO every day (for hard stool) Assess for sudden onset of change in LOC (indicating brain bleed) Assess stools for bleeding DO NOT take aspirin DO NOT blow nose or cough hard Monitor for petechiae

Parents ask the nurse to explain the initial treatment for a child with hemophilia when the child gets hurt and has a bleeding episode. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? A. "If there is blood in the joint, the blood is aspirated, and aspirin is used for pain control." B. "Administration of anti-hemophilic factor (AHF) is done, followed by treatment of the specific injury." C. "Ibuprofen is given, intravenous fluids are started, and rest, ice, compression, and elevation are utilized immediately." D. "Corticosteroids and passive range of motion exercises are instituted within 24 hours of the injury."

B. "Administration of anti-hemophilic factor (AHF) is done, followed by treatment of the specific injury."

A nurse is teaching a client the precautions to take while on warfarin Coumadin therapy. Which statement made by the client demonstrates that teaching has been effective? A. "I can use an electric razor or a regular razor." B. "Eating foods like lima beans will interfere with my Coumadin therapy." C. "If I notice I am bleeding a lot, I should stop taking my Coumadin right away." D. "When taking Coumadin, I may notice some blood in my urine."

B. "Eating foods like lima beans will interfere with my Coumadin therapy."

A nurse is overseeing a nursing student who is administering medications to a group of clients receiving treatment for pulmonary embolism. The nurse recognizes the student understands the safety and administration of anticoagulant therapy when the student makes which of these statements? A. "Client will receive a dose of Enoxaparin (Lovenox) intramuscularly for three days." B. "Therapy with warfarin (Coumadin) is effective when the INR is between two and three." C. "Once the healthcare provider orders warfarin (Coumadin) the intravenous heparin can be discontinued." D."If bleeding develops, we will give platelets to reverse the anticoagulant."

B. "Therapy with warfarin (Coumadin) is effective when the INR is between two and three."

The family of a client who had a successful stem cell transplant for leukemia 3 months ago asks the nurse whether they should obtain influenza vaccinations now. How will the nurse respond? A. "No. You need to wait at least 2 years before receiving any vaccination." B. "Yes. Obtain the vaccination now to protect your family member from influenza." C. "If you have no small children in the household, influenza vaccinations are not needed for anyone." D. "Yes. If you and the client are older than 50, you should all receive influenza vaccinations immediately."

B. "Yes. Obtain the vaccination now to protect your family member from influenza."

A patient with acute myelogenous leukemia is starting chemotherapy. When teaching the patient about the induction stage of chemotherapy what is an appropriate statement? A. "The drugs are started slowly to minimize side effects" B. "You will be at increased risk for bleeding and infection" C. "High doses will be administered every day for several months D. "Most patients have more energy and are resistant to infection"

B. "You will be at increased risk for bleeding and infection"

What type of leukemia most commonly has its onset during adulthood? A. Acute lymphocytic leukemia B. Acute myelogenous leukemia C. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia D. Chronic myelogenous leukemia

B. Acute myelogenous leukemia

The nurse is caring for a client with hyperuricemia associated with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). Which medication does the nurse anticipate being ordered? A. Recombinant erythropoietin (Procrit) B. Allopurinol (Zyloprim) C. Potassium chloride D. Radioactive iodine-131 (131I)

B. Allopurinol (Zyloprim)

The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client with pulmonary embolism. What priority does the nurse say after reviewing the blood gas results below? PH 7.46, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HC03-26 mEq/L, PaO2 62mm Hg. A. Have the client breathe rapidly and deeply B. Apply Oxygen C. Administer sodium bicarbonate D. Collaborate with the provider to increase the pH

B. Apply Oxygen

A school age child with hemophilia falls on the playground and goes to the school nurse with superficial bleeding above the elbow. What is the most appropriate action by the nurse? A. Apply warm, moist compresses B. Apply pressure for at least 15 minutes C. Keep the affected extremity in a dependent position D. Begin and passive range of motion and less pain is severe

B. Apply pressure for at least 15 minutes

The nurse is conducting a community health education class on diet and cancer risk reduction. What should be included in the discussion? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. A. Limit sodium intake B. Avoid beefs and processed meats C. Increase consumption of whole grains D. Eat "colorful fruits and vegetables" including greens E. Avoid gas-producing vegetables such as cabbage

B. Avoid beefs and processed meats C. Increase consumption of whole grains D. Eat "colorful fruits and vegetables" including greens

Which factor is an important consideration and understanding the pain experience in children? A. Children cannot tell where they hurt B. Children may not admit having pain C. Narcotics are dangerous drugs for children D. Children's sensitivity to pain is less than that of adults

B. Children may not admit having pain

Which manifestation of an oncological emergency requires the nurse to contact the health care provider immediately? A. New onset of fatigue B. Edema of arms and hands C. Dry cough D. Weight gain

B. Edema of arms and hands

After a donor has bone marrow harvested, the nurse should monitor the donor for the following except? A. Signs of infection B. Fluid overload C. Bleeding at donor site D. Anesthesia complications

B. Fluid overload The donor needs to be monitored for fluid LOSS not fluid overload

A patient with a large painless lymph node has a biopsy that reveals Reed Sternberg cells. Which form of cancer does this finding indicate? A. Multiple myeloma B. Hodgkins lymphoma C. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma D. Acute myelogenous leukemia

B. Hodgkins lymphoma

The nurse is transfusing Two units of packed red blood cells to a post operative client. What electrolyte in balance with the nurse monitor for after the blood transfusion? A. Hyponatremia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hypercalcemia D. Hypomagnesium

B. Hyperkalemia

The nurse is teaching a health awareness class identifies which situation as being the highest risk factor for the development of deep vein thrombosis? A. Pregnancy B. Inactivity C. Aerobic Exercise D. Tight clothing

B. Inactivity

The nurse is providing medication instructions to a client with breast cancer who is receiving cyclophosphamide. The nurse should tell the client to take which action? A. Take the medication with food B. Increase fluid intake to 2000 to 3000 mL daily C. Decrease sodium intake while taking medication D. Increase potassium intake while taking medication

B. Increase fluid intake to 2000 to 3000 mL daily

A client who has been newly diagnosed with leukemia is admitted to the hospital. Avoiding which potential problem takes priority in the clients nursing care plan? A. Hypoxia B. Infection C. Hemorrhage D. Fluid overload (overhydration)

B. Infection

A child is status post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and is preparing for discharge home. Based on the nurse's knowledge of HSCT, which concepts are important to include in the discharge teaching plan of care? Select all that apply. A. Preparing the child to return to school within six weeks B. Keeping the child on a high calcium diet C. Avoiding live plants and fresh vegetables D. Avoiding influence vaccinations E. Practicing good hygiene

B. Keeping the child on a high calcium diet C. Avoiding live plants and fresh vegetables E. Practicing good hygiene

A client has been admitted with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and is receiving heparin infusion. What safety priority does the nurse include in the plan of care? A. Teach the client to avoid using dental floss B. Monitor the platelet count daily C. Ensure adequate staffing for the unit D. Notify radiology of an impending scan

B. Monitor the platelet count daily

Which medication does the nurse plan to administer to a client before chemo therapy to decrease the incidence of nausea and vomiting? A. Morphine B. Ondanseteron (Zofran) C. Naloxone (Narcan) D. Diazepam (Valium)

B. Ondanseteron (Zofran)

The nurse is caring for a child with myelosuppression from chemotherapeutic agents. What activities should the nurse include while giving care? A. Restriction of oral fluids B. Performing good hand hygiene C. Instituting strict isolation D. Giving immunizations appropriate for age

B. Performing good hand hygiene

A client is receiving unfractionated heparin by infusion. Which finding does the nurse notify the primary healthcare provider? A. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 60 seconds B. Platelets 32,000/mm3 C. WBC 11,000/mm3 D. Hemoglobin 12.2 g/dL

B. Platelets 32,000/mm3

Which client problem does the nurse set as the priority for the client experiencing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy? A. Potential for lack of understanding relate to side effects of chemotherapy B. Potential for injury related to sensory and motor deficiency C. Potential for ineffective coping strategies related to loss of motor control D. Altered sexual function related to erectile dysfunction

B. Potential for injury related to sensory and motor deficiency

The nurse is caring for a client with end-stage ovarian cancer who needs clarification on the purpose of palliative surgery. Which outcome should the nurse teach the client is the goal of palliative surgery? A. Cure of the cancer B. Relief of symptoms or improved quality of life C. Allowing other therapies to be more effective D. Prolonging the client's survival time

B. Relief of symptoms or improved quality of life

The nurse is instructing a client to perform testicular self-examination (TSE). The nurse should provide the client with which information about the procedure? A. To examine the testicles while lying down B. That the best time for the examination is after a shower C. To gently feel the testicle with one finger to feel for a growth D. That testicular self-examinations should be done at least every 6 months

B. That the best time for the examination is after a shower

The nurse and an unlicensed assistive personnel are caring for a client in neutropenic precautions. Which action by the UAP requires further teaching by the nurse? A. The UAP washes her hands before entering and leaving the patient's room B. The UAP enters the patient's room with a basket of fresh fruit C. The UAP enters a patient room without wearing a mask or gown D. The UAP stops a sick visitor from entering the patient's room

B. The UAP enters the patient's room with a basket of fresh fruit

A client with thrombocytopenia is being discharged. Which instruction with the nurse include in a teaching plan for this client? A. Avoid large crowds B. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush C. Drink at least 2 L of fluid per day D. Elevate your lower extremities when sitting

B. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush

Which statement describes the cause of Venous insufficiency? A. Coronary veins are unable to return blood to the heart. B. Valves in the veins of the legs become incompetent. C. A blood clot develops in a large vessel in the lower extremity. D. Infection leads to cellulitis, reddened skin, and swelling

B. Valves in the veins of the legs become incompetent.

A client is starting radiation therapy for lung cancer. What should the nurse include in the patient teaching about skincare? Select all that apply. A. Wash off the radiation markings after every treatment B. Wear soft clothing over the skin at the radiation site C. Use your hand instead of a washcloth to cleanse the irradiated skin D. Dry the irradiated skin with a patting motion E. Apply any over the counter lotion to the irradiated skin

B. Wear soft clothing over the skin at the radiation site C. Use your hand instead of a washcloth to cleanse the irradiated skin D. Dry the irradiated skin with a patting motion

The nurse is caring for a client with neutropenia. Which clinical manifestation and indicates that the client has an infection or an infection and needs to be rolled out? A. Evidence of pus B. Wheezes or crackles C. Fever of 102 Degrees Fahrenheit or higher D. Coughing and deep breathing

B. Wheezes or crackles

Why is Allopurinol given to patients receiving antineoplastic medications?

Because antineoplastic medications can cause Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) and to treat hyperuricemia from the TLS

What group of medications is considered for those who have neutropenia?

Biological response modifiers -Filgrastim (Neupogen) -Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta)

A patient on induction therapy is at risk for ....

Bone marrow depression Neutropenia Thrombocytopenia Anemia

The nurse is educating a patient who is taking an anticoagulant drug. Which patient statement indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I should use an electric shaver." B. "I should avoid participating in any contact sports." C. "I should take aspirin whenever I have severe pain." D. "I should apply ice to any sites that may bruise for at least one hour."

C. "I should take aspirin whenever I have severe pain." Aspirin is an anticoagulant and may increase the patient's risk for bleeding the patient should avoid it.

Which statement by the client causes the nurse to suspect peripheral venous insufficiency? A. "If I elevate my legs, they tend to ache." B. "My toes are always very pale and cold." C. "My legs swell when I stand for a long time." D. "My calves ache when I walked for more than 50 feet."

C. "My legs swell when I stand for a long time."

The nurse is caring for a group of clients on a medical surgical unit. For which of these individuals does the nurse provide immediate intervention to reduce the risk for pulmonary embolism? A. A client with diabetes and cellulitis of the leg B. A client receiving IV fluids through a peripheral line C. A client returning from an open reduction and internal fixation of the tibia D. A client with fluid volume deficit and hyperkalemia receiving potassium supplements

C. A client returning from an open reduction and internal fixation of the tibia

The nurse is transfusing a unit of whole blood to a client when the primary healthcare provider prescribes Furosemide (Lasix) 20 mg IV push. Which intervention with the nurse perform? A. Piggyback the Furosemide into the infusing blood B. Give Furosemide to the client intramuscularly (IM) C. Administer the furosemide after completion of the transfusion D. Add furosemide to the normal saline that is infusing with the blood

C. Administer the furosemide after completion of the transfusion

The nurse performs an assessment on a newly admitted client with thrombocytopenia. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention by the nurse? A. Reports of pain B. Increased temperature C. Bleeding from the nose D. Decreased urine output

C. Bleeding from the nose

Which finding alarms the nurse when caring for a client receiving chemotherapy who has a platelet count of 17,000/mm3? A. Increasing shortness of breath B. Diminished bilateral breath sounds C. Change in mental status D. Weight gain of 4 pounds (1.8kg) in one day

C. Change in mental status

What risk factors are associated with higher incidence of development of heparin induced thrombocytopenia in patients? A. Male patients B. Presurgical Thromboprophylaxis C. Exposure to unfractionated heparin D. Use of heparin longer than one month

C. Exposure to unfractionated heparin Leads to increased risk of development of heparin induced thrombocytopenia risk is increased if heparin is used longer than one week not one month.

During the first four days of hospitalization Eric age 18 months cried inconsolably when his parents left him and he refused the staffs attention. Now the nurse observes that Eric appears to be settled in and unconcerned about seeing his parents. The nurse should I interpret this as which of the following? A. He has successfully adjusted to the hospital environment B. He has transferred his trust to the nursing staff C. He may be experiencing detachment, which is the third stage of separation anxiety D. Because he is at home in the hospital now, seeing his mother frequently will only start the cycle again

C. He may be experiencing detachment, which is the third stage of separation anxiety

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client with pulmonary embolism. Which client problem does the nurse establish as a priority? A. In adequate nutrition related to food-drug interactions with anticoagulant therapy B. Risk for infection related to leukocytosis C. Hypoxemia related to ventilation-perfusion mismatch D. Insufficient knowledge related to the cause of PE

C. Hypoxemia related to ventilation-perfusion mismatch

Which statement madeBy a client allows the nurse to recognize whether the client receiving Brachytherapy for ovarian cancer understands the treatment? A. I may lose my hair during this treatment B. I must be positioned in the same way during each treatment C. I will have a radioactive device in my body for a short time D. I will be placed in a semi private room for company

C. I will have a radioactive device in my body for a short time

A 10-year-old child with hemophilia A has slipped on the ice and bumped his knee. The nurse should prepare to administer which prescription? A. Injection of factor X(10) B. Intravenous infusion of iron C. Intravenous infusion of factor VIII(8) D. Intramuscular injection of iron using the Z-track method

C. Intravenous infusion of factor VIII(8)

What findings are consistent with a diagnosis of hemophilia? Select all that apply. A. Renal failure B. Platelet clumping C. Long-term joint problems D. Tendency to bruise easily E. Excessive bleeding from minor cuts

C. Long-term joint problems D. Tendency to bruise easily E. Excessive bleeding from minor cuts

A client with ovarian cancer is being treated with vincristine. The nurse monitors the client knowing which manifestation indicates an adverse side effect? A. Diarrhea B. Hair loss C. Peripheral neuropathy D. Chest pain

C. Peripheral neuropathy

When caring for the client with chemotherapy induced mucositis which intervention will be most helpful? A. Administering a biological response modifier B. Encouraging oral care with commercial mouthwash C. Providing oral care with a disposable mouth swab D. Maintaining NPO until the lesions have resolved

C. Providing oral care with a disposable mouth swab

A child is receiving chemotherapy through a newly implanted port-a cath. What information should the nurse share with the parents about the implanted access device? A. It is easy to use for self-administration infusions B. The skin does not need to be pierced for access C. Regular physical activity, including swimming, does not need to be limited D. It cannot de dislodged from the port, even if child "plays" with the port site

C. Regular physical activity, including swimming, does not need to be limited

Which symptom reported by a client who has had a total hip replacement requires emergency action? A. Localized swelling of one of the lower extremities B. Positive Homans sign C. Shortness of breath and chest pain D. Tenderness and redness at the IV site

C. Shortness of breath and chest pain These indicate a possible pulmonary embolism

The nurse is providing home care instructions to the parents of a 10-year-old child with hemophilia. Which sport activity should the nurse suggest for this child? A. Soccer B. Basketball C. Swimming D. Field hockey

C. Swimming

The nurse corrects the nursing student when caring for a client with neutropenia secondary to chemotherapy in which circumstance? A. The student demonstrates a sepsis by scrubbing the hub of IV tubing before administering an antibiotic B. The nurse overhears the student explaining to the client the importance of handwashing C. The student teaches the client that symptoms of neutropenia include fatigue and weakness D. The nurse observes the student educating the client about hygiene and perineal care

C. The student teaches the client that symptoms of neutropenia include fatigue and weakness

Nursing care of the child with myelosuppression from leukemia or chemotherapeutic agents should include: A. Restricting oral fluids B. Instituting strict isolation C. Using good handwashing D. Giving immunizations appropriate for age

C. Using good handwashing

The oncology nurse should use which intervention to prevent disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? A. Monitoring platelets B. Administering packed red blood cells C. Using strict aseptic technique to prevent infection D. Administering low-dose heparin for clients on bedrest

C. Using strict aseptic technique to prevent infection

Risk factors associated with hypercoagulability:

Cancer Sepsis Dehydration Use of birth control Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia(HIT) Postpartum period

Seven major signs of cancer: CAUTION

Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that doesn't heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in a wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness

Alteplase (tPa) Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Clot buster HIGH RISK for bleeding

Antidote for Fibrinolytics- (Alteplase) or (tPA)

Clotting factors Fresh frozen plasma Aminocaproic Acid (Amicar)

Diagnostic test for DVT:

D-Dimer

The nurse is caring for a client who developed G.I. bleeding three weeks after a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. The international normalized ratio (INR) is 6.9. Which one of these questions is most appropriate for the nurse to ask at this time? A. "Have you eaten a lot of green leafy vegetables?" B. "Have you experienced swelling of your legs?" C. "Were you massaging your calves?" D. "Have you taken any aspirin or salicylates?"

D. "Have you taken any aspirin or salicylates?" Use of aspirin and salicylates will prolong the INR and cause gastric irritation and bleeding

The nurse is providing teaching for a client who will be discharged home to continue therapy with warfarin. Which statement by the client indicates a correct understanding of the teaching? A. "I should use enemas to help keep my stools soft." B. "I need to wear soft-soled shoes to protect my feet." C. "I will eat plenty of raw fruits and vegetables." D. "I'll use a soft-bristled toothbrush to brush my teeth."

D. "I'll use a soft-bristled toothbrush to brush my teeth."

The nurse is teaching a young female client how to prevent Venous thromboembolism specific to her hospital stay after intensive orthopedic surgery. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching? A. "I must stop taking my birth control pills." B. "I should drink lots of water so I don't get dehydrated." C. "I should exercise my legs when I have been sitting or standing for a long time." D. "If I wear pantyhose, I won't have to wear the stockings the hospital gives me."

D. "If I wear pantyhose, I won't have to wear the stockings the hospital gives me."

The nurse is explaining the blood components platelets to an eight-year-old child with hemophilia. How should the nurse best describe platelets to this child? A. "Platelets help keep germs from causing infection." B. "They make up the liquid portion of blood." C. "These cells carry the oxygen you breathe from your lungs to all parts of your body." D. "Platelets help the body stopped bleeding by forming a clot over the bleeding area."

D. "Platelets help the body stopped bleeding by forming a clot over the bleeding area."

The community health nurse is instructing a group of young female clients about breast self-examination. The nurse should instruct the clients to perform the examination at which time? A. At the onset of menstruation B. Every month during ovulation C. Weekly at the same time of day D. 1 week after menstruation begins

D. 1 week after menstruation begins

The client is at greatest risk for experiencing a hemolytic transfusion reaction? A. A 42 year old client with allergies B. A 78 year old client with arthritis C. A 58 year old immune-suppressed client D. A 34 year old with Type O blood

D. A 34 year old with Type O blood

The nurse is teaching a client about induction therapy for acute leukemia. Which client statement indicates a need for additional education? A. I will need to avoid people with a cold or flu B. I will probably lose my hair during this therapy C. The goal of this therapy is to put me in remission D. After this therapy, I will not need to have any more

D. After this therapy, I will not need to have any more

The client admitted with a diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia is prescribed intravenous (IV) cytosine arabinoside for 7 days and an infusion of daunorubicin for the first 3 days. What is the major side effect of this drug therapy? A. Nausea B. Stomatitis C. Liver toxicity D. Bone marrow suppression

D. Bone marrow suppression

A 56-year-old client admitted with a diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia has been prescribed intravenous cytosine arabinoside and an IV infusion of daunorubicin. The client developed an infection. Which action by the nurse take to determine that the appropriate anabiotic has been prescribed to treat this condition? A. Monitor the clients white blood cell count level B. Valuate the clients liver function test and serum creatinine levels C. Recognize the Vancomyosin (Vancocin) is the drug of choice used to treat all infections and clients with AML D. Check the culture and sensitivity test results to be certain that the requested antibiotic is effective against the organism causing the infection

D. Check the culture and sensitivity test results to be certain that the requested antibiotic is effective against the organism causing the infection

Caring for a client who has received recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) for a large deep vein thrombus, the nurse becomes most concerned when the client develops which condition? A. Small amount of blood at the IV insertion site B. Heavy menstrual bleeding C. +1 pitting edema of the affected extremity D. Client stating that the year is 1967

D. Client stating that the year is 1967

The most common initial reaction of parents to illness or injury and hospitalization and their child is: A. Anger B. Fear C. Depression D. Disbelief

D. Disbelief

Which nursing intervention would most effectively protect a client with thrombocytopenia? A. Take rectal temperatures B. Avoid use of dentures C. Apply warm compresses on trauma sites D. Encourage the use of an electric shaver

D. Encourage the use of an electric shaver

The nurse analyzes the laboratory results of a child with hemophilia. The nurse understands that which result will most likely be abnormal in this child? A. Platelet count B. Hematocrit level C. Hemoglobin level D. Partial thromboplastin time

D. Partial thromboplastin time

Which clotting factor is deficient in patients with hemophilia B? A. Thrombin (factor 2) B. Fibrinogen (factor 1) C. Prothrombin D. Plasma thromboplastin (factor IX(9))

D. Plasma thromboplastin(factor IX(9))

The nurse is to administer packed red blood cells to a client. How does the nurse ensure proper client identification? A. Ask the clients name B. Check the clients arm band C. Verify the clients room number D. Review all information with another registered nurse

D. Review all information with another registered nurse

Nurse suspects that a child is having an adverse reaction to a blood transfusion. The first action by the nurse should be to: A. Notify the physician B. Take vital signs and blood pressure and compare them with baseline C. Dilute infusing blood with equal amounts of normal saline D. Stop transfusion and maintain a patent intravenous line with normal saline and new tubing

D. Stop transfusion and maintain a patent intravenous line with normal saline and new tubing

What clotting factor deficiencies cause hemophilia? Select all that apply. A. I(1) B. II(2) C. V(5) D. VIII (8) E. IX(9)

D. VIII(8) E. IX(9)

Antidote for Rivaroxaban

Dabigatran

What lab value would you see with thrombocytopenia?

Decreased platelets

Symptoms of pulmonary embolism:

Dizziness Syncope(loss of consciousness)-Fainting Hypotension Sudden chest pain Hemoptysis Tachycardia Sudden SOB or dyspnea Tachypnea Restlessness

Pts with head or neck radiation can have a what side effect

Dry mouth

Invasive procedure done for pulmonary embolism:

Embolectomy

What medication is used to increase red blood cells?

Epoietin alfa and blood transfusions

Heparin is ....

FAST onset IV or SubQ Used in combination with Warfarin until INR for Warfarin is therapeutic then Heparin is discontinued

Hemophilia B (Christmas disease) is a deficiency in ___________

Factor IX(9)

Hemophilia A (classic hemophilia) is a deficiency in _________

Factor VIII (8)

What is the main side effect of ALL radiation?

Fatigue

Hemolytic transfusion reaction symptoms:

Fever chills headache tachycardia hypotension lower back pain sense of doom chest pain

If WBC is too low we can administer?

Filgrastim

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) nursing interventions

Fluid restriction Increase sodium intake

_______ is given after 1 unit of blood to prevent _________

Furosemide (Lasix)-fluid overload

Protective isolation precautions

Gown Mask Gloves

Hemorrhagic cystitis can cause __________ from ___________ medication

Hematuria from cyclophosphamide

What is the link between hemophilia and genetics?

Hemophilia is X-linked recessive trait meaning the mother that is a carrier can give it to her son and allows their daughter to be carriers

What are the 2 main side effect of cyclophosphamide?

Hemorrhagic cystitis SIADH(Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion)

Symptoms of fluid overload from transfusion:

Hypertension Bounding pulse JVD Dyspnea restlessness confusion

Side effect of Epoietin alfa and how to monitor for it

Hypertension Monitor and stop before hemoglobin and hematocrit before normal levels

Sign of fluid overload during infusions

Hypertension Rapid, bounding pulse

Risk factors for Stasis of venous circulation

Immobility Varicose veins Surgery Sitting for long periods Smoking Obesity-late pregnancy Previous episodes of A-fib Heart failure

What to do if a muscle or joint injury occurs with hemophilia

Immobilize Elevate Apply ice

Neutropenic precautions

Inspect IV every 4 hours for signs of infection No fresh flowers, raw food, fruit baskets in the room Administer Filgrastim subQ once a week Avoid crowds and sick people Place in reverse isolation (protective isolation) Monitor ANC count-absolute neutrophil count DO NOT eat yogurt

Vincristine (Oncovin) treatment for ..

Leukemia

Risk factors for DVT:

Long periods of sitting Smoking Oral contraceptives History of DVT Age Surgery or injury Obesity

What lab value would you see with anemia?

Low RBC and hemoglobin

What vaccines are live vaccines that a patient on chemo or has bone marrow suppression should not receive?

MMR(Measles, mumps, rubella) Varicella

Normal Hemoglobin

Male: 14-18 Female: 12-16

Normal RBC counts

Men-4.7-6.1 Women-4.2-5.4

Normal hematocrit

Men: 42-52% Women: 37-47%

Medication contraindicated with Heparin and Warfarin:

NSAIDS-Aspirin Acetaminophen is OKAY!

How will you treat thrombocytopenia?

Neumega (Oprelvekin) Platelet transfusion

Before administering Warfarin we need to look at ______

PT (2-3X normal of 14)and INR(2-3 for therapeutic effect)

Symptoms of venous insufficiency

Pain and heaviness Restless leg syndrome Leg cramps or spasms Itchy skin Swelling

Leukemia best indicator is....

Philadelphia chromosome

"Precautions" for Brachytherapy:

Private room (w/door closed) "Caution: Radioactive Material" sign Place lead shields between patient and door Wear a dosimeter Wear a lead apron (DO NOT turn back on pt) NO pregnant or attempting to conceive nurses care for pt Limit visitor to 30 minutes per day (6 feet away) Use forceps to retrieve it if dislodged Save all dressings and bed linens in the patient's room until after the radioactive source is removed

Risk factors for developing a Pulmonary Embolism (PE):

Prolonger immobilization Central Venous catheters Surgery Obesity Advancing age

Diagnostic tests for Pulmonary Embolism:

Pulmonary angiography Ventilation-perfusion scan (V/Q scan)

DVT signs and symptoms:

Redness Swelling Warm Pain (NOT always correct)Positive Homan's sign-Dorsiflexion=pain Looks different from other extremity

Lymphoma best indicator is ....

Reed Sternburg cells

Interventions for PREVENTING a DVT:

SCDs-NOT for extremity w/DVT Ambulating Enoxaparin

Warfarin is...

SLOW onset Given PO

Common things to look for when suspecting a PE?

SOB Chest pain feelings of doom

Signs and symptoms of a PE

SOB-Dyspnea Decreased o2 saturation Fast HR-tachycardia Chest pain Anxiety *Acute confusion in older adults* Hemoptysis-coughing up blood Restlessness Hypoxemia

BIG signs of anemia

SOB-dyspnea Activity intolerance Fatigue

If a hemolytic reactions occurs...

STOP infusion and remove tubing and sent to blood bank Flush IV access with normal saline Apply oxygen Administer Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

White blood cells (WBC's) are transfused for...

Sepsis Neutropenic infection not responding to antibiotic therapy

Signs and Symptoms of Adverse reactions from Warfarin (Coumadin):

Severe sudden head Melena (dark, tarry stools) Hematuria (red urine) Coffee ground emesis Bleeding gums

Metastasis

The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site

Patient with hemophilia will have what lab increased?

They will have a prolonged aPTT

Radiation safety

Time (Dosimeter) Distance Shielding

"Precautions" for Teletherapy:

Wash irradiated area gently each day w/ water and mild soap-USE hand not washcloth-PAT DRY DO NOT remove ink or dye markings Avoid belts, buckles, straps clothing Avoid sun-wear clothing Avoid heat exposure

benign tumor

a mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin

Before administering Heparin we need to look at _______

aPTT- 2x normal value(around 70 seconds)

How often is a patient on transfusion monitored?

after 15 minutes you take vitals then vitals every hour

D-dimer assesses...

blood for fibrin degradation fragment -DIAGNOSIS OF BLOOD CLOTS (NOT LOCATION)

Hemoptysis

bloody sputum

TNM staging

classifies cancer according to tumor size, node involvement, metastasis--higher the numbers the worse it is

What is a pt with A-fib at risk for?

clots and stroke

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) side effect of ____

darkened skin and nails

Neutropenia

decrease in neutrophils

What lab value would you see with neutropenia?

decreased neutrophil white blood cells (ANC levels)

What does allopurinol do and what it is indicated in?

decreases uric acid production Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)

Angiogenesis

development of new blood vessels

Nutrition management needed for chemo patients

eating smaller frequent meals taking nutritional supplemental drinks between meals Diet rich in complex carbohydrates (fiber) and protein are suggested

Teletherapy is ____

external beam radiation

Central lines prevent risk for

extravasion

Monitor the pt on transfusion for signs of ___________

fluid overload

Bisphosphonates

help prevent bone fractures and protects the bones

PTT is used to measure effectiveness of

heparin

Pt will be switched onto ________ before surgery if they were previously on warfarin

heparin

Patients with cancer have a high risk for

hypercalcemia

Teaching needed for Cyclophosphamide:

increase fluids-2-3 L/day

Detect bleeding by an _______ in _______ and a ______ in ________

increase in HR and decrease in BP

With hemophilia decreased LOC and unusual behavior are early indicators of_________

increased ICP (intracranial pressure)

Change in mental status can indicate what?

increased ICP- hemorrhage

Anemia

lack of a normal number of red blood cells

Thrombocytopenia

low platelet count

A patient with bone marrow suppression should be in what precautions>

neutropenic

Epistaxis means

nosebleed

Antidote for Warfarin

phytonadione (Vitamin K)

What do biological response modifiers do?

prevent infection and sepsis

Ondanseteron (Zofran) for

preventing nausea and vomiting

IVC Filter

prevents fatal PE; used if anticoagulation is contraindicated; doesn't prevent or treat a DVT

Antidote for Heparin

protamine sulfate

Signs of extravasation

redness swelling slowed infusion

Brachytherapy refers to

short-term insertion of a radiation source

Desmopressin can be used in hemophilia to

stop nosebleeds

In teletherapy ....

the patient must be positioned precisely in the same position each time

Oprevelkin for

thrombocytopenia

What is filgrastim used for?

to increase WBC count in neutropenic pts