clps1700 midterm 1

Renaissance 1400-1700 & mental illness

- Johann weyer: - religious shrines among first to care for mentally ill - asylums -> entertainment for spectators

culture + diagnosis

- bulimia more common in west - psychotic disorders less influenced by culture - symptoms of some disorders vary across cultures

challenges in diagnoses

- distress is subjective - dms5 does not indicate how unusual or rare an experience needs to be for it to be abnormal

mental illness stigma + effects

- inadequate health insurance - difficulty finding housing - hopelessness, worsening symptoms, decreased self-esteem - interpersonal difficulties (social life, work, school)

drug therapy

1950s anti- anxiety, depression, bipolar, psychotic

Researcher David Weeks has estimated that perhaps 1 person in ________ is "a classic, full-time eccentric."

5000

On average, how much daily face-to-face social contact with others makes people the happiest?

6 hours. others: 1 3 9

Multifinality

A basic principle of developmental psychopathology that holds that one cause can have many (multiple) final manifestations.

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A new technique that permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain.

MMPI-2

A widely used personality assessment instrument that gives scores on ten important clinical traits.

who developed the dsm5

American Psychiatric Association

trephination

An ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull, perhaps to treat abnormal behavior.

deviance

Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society

psychogenic model

Cause is psychological, such as emotional trauma, stress, or maladaptive learning

What must mental health professionals keep in mind when treating a child versus treating an adult?

Children typically have less control over their lives than adults do.

Which statement BEST describes the role of religion with regard to treatment of mental illness?

Correct Answer: Religious institutions were among the first to provide treatment for the mentally ill. others: Those who are religious reject nonspiritual means of treatment. Clergy have consistently advocated against scientific explanations for mental illness. Those who devoutly adhere to their religion believe in supernatural causes of mental illness.

Which person would NOT be considered abnormal, despite the fact that the person's behavior is dysfunctional?

Correct: someone who goes on a hunger strike to protest social injustice someone who is too confused to drive safely someone who parties so much that he or she cannot go to class someone who cannot stay alone for even one night

primary prevention

Efforts to prevent illness from ever occurring.

Fragile X Syndrome

Shy and anxious children who have mild to moderate degrees of intellectual dysfunction, language impairments, and behavioral problems are MOST likely to be diagnosed with fragile x syndrome

Equifinality

a basic principle of developmental psychopathology that holds that one symptom can have many causes

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

lycanthropy

a condition in which people believed themselves to be possessed by wolves and imitated their behavior

diathesis-stress model

a diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event ex: biological factor (diathesis) + biological trigger (stress) = disorder

tarantism

a disorder that included an uncontrollable impulse to dance that was often attributed to the bite of the southern European tarantula or wolf spider

uniformity myth

a false belief that all therapies are equivalent despite differences in the therapists' training, experience, theoretical orientations, and personalities

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

id

a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.

Roschach Test

a test that involves showing a series of symmetrical visual stimuli to people who then are asked what the figures represent to them

Which is NOT a likely cause of ADHD?

abnormal serotonin activity and parietal damage other: negative self-concept dysfunctional families high levels of stress

tertiary prevention

actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has progressed beyond its early stages

secondary prevention

actions that avert harm in a high-risk situation

A person being treated by a shaman would MOST likely be undergoing:

an exorcism. psychoanalysis. a tarantella. community-based treatment.

wandering uterus

ancient Egypt: Symptoms were caused by uterus, symptoms consistent with major depression treatment: Strong smelling substances. Making the uterus go back into hiding in body cavity due to strong smells.

Graduate school personnel review applying students' test scores, college grades, and relevant experience to determine who will be granted admission. This is similar to a clinician engaging in:

assessment. other: diagnosis. treatment. classification.

A child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell and heads for the bathroom. MOST likely the child is receiving:

behavioral therapy for enuresis.

therapy goals across all models

biological: biological repair psychodynamic: broad psychological change cognitive-behavioral: functional tohughts and behaviors humanistic: self-actualization existential: authentic life family-social: effective family or social system multicultural: cultural awareness and comfort

A child with a diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder has difficulty with things like:

buttoning his shirt and dressing in general.

types of clinical assesments

clinical interviews, observations, testing

Encopresis is most commonly and successfully treated with:

cognitive-behavioral therapy and medical treatments. other: medication and family therapy. cognitive-behavioral and family therapy. the bell-and-battery technique and psychodynamic therapy.

A client with autism is being simultaneously treated by a psychiatrist and a psychologist. This is called a:

combined approach

During a session with a client, Dr. Dorsett asks a client to talk about himself. When the client begins to speak, Dr. Dorsett asks a follow-up question based on an interesting point the client made. There are few constraints on the conversation. Dr. Dorsett has just:

conducted an unstructured interview. other: used free association. completed a response inventory. employed a projective test.

pronomial reversal

confusion of pronouns, seen often with autism spectrum disorder

In the Middle Ages, the model of mental illness that MOST people believed in was the:

demonology model. moral model. medical model. psychogenic model

A person who is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy is more likely to

develop depression when under stress. others: develop depression even when not under stress. develop depression but recover more quickly. develop depression that requires hospitalization.

Four D's

deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger

A school-age child is disrespectful and rude to her mother at a family outing. The MOST accurate description of this behavior is:

deviant. other choices: criminal. dangerous. psychopathological

Morgan hears voices that others do not but is not distressed by them. This illustrates that:

distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal.

The MOST accurate summary of the field of abnormal psychology at the present time is that clinical psychologists generally:

do not accept one definition of abnormality and practice more than one form of treatment.

20th century changing conceptualizations

emergence of modern perspectives - biological perspective, psychotherapy, electroshock therapy, psychosurgery, behaviorism/ cognitive behaviorism, psychotropic medication therapy

When treating religious patients, it is recommended that mental health professionals:

encourage clients to use spiritual resources that aid with coping. other: avoid discussing religion. explain the connection between religious practices and mental health. caution the patient against using religious-based counseling services.

A person seeking help for a psychological abnormality is whipped and then starved, in the hope that evil spirits will be driven from the person's body. This form of treatment is called:

exorcism. melancholia. tarantism. lycanthropy.

Critics of managed care programs for mental health services state that these programs:

favor treatments whose results are typically shorter lasting.

A person has a recurring dream of losing her dog. In her dream, she panics and looks for her dog everywhere. This dream is interpreted to reflect the patient's emotional stress over losing her mother, who is terminally ill. Which is an example of latent content?

feeling stress about her mother's illness

gender and diagnosis

females more commonly diagnosed with: anxiety, depression, eating disorders males: substance abuse, antisocial personality disorder

In the Middle Ages, outbreaks of tarantism were associated with people's belief that they:

had been bitten by spiders.

managed care program

health care coverage in which the insurance company largely controls the nature, scope, and cost of medical or psychological services

Sylvie is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at schoolwork. However, she now lives on her own, has a job, and is able to perform the routine chores of life. She would not be considered to have intellectual disability, because:

her daily functioning is adequate. other: she is too old. her IQ is not low enough. her condition was not diagnosed before she turned 18.

self-actualization

humanist model: the process by which people achieve their full potential. an individual who cares about others and who is spontaneous, courageous, and independent is self actualizing

When her friends or family criticize or express disapproval over something Johannah has done, she experiences a deep depression and self-abuse. She struggles very hard to do things that others would approve of and to have people like her. Cognition-focused theorists would say that Johannah's depression results in large part from:

illogical thinking. other: modeling. early childhood trauma. unconscious feelings of loss.

Support for the use of evidence-based forms of psychotherapy

increased in recent years

Studies evaluating the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder have shown that cognitive-behavioral techniques can produce:

long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance.

Compared with physical disorders, insurance reimbursement for treatment of mental disorders prior to enactment of the Affordable Care Act was generally:

lower. nonexistent. about the same. higher.

affective inventory

measure the severity of such emotions as anxiety, depression, and anger

melancholia

mental disorder characterized by apathy and depression

day treatment centers

mental health facilities that allow people to obtain treatment, along with occupational and rehabilitative therapies, during the day but to live at home at night

harmful dysfunction (Jerome wakefield's model)

model for determining presence of illness. abnormal response: - results from inability of some internal mechanism - causes harm to person relative to their cultural standards - all dysfunction does not lead to disorder. only those that result in significant harm (evidenced by subjective distress or difficulty performing expected roles)

Community mental health movement 1963

movement launched in 1963 that attempted to provide coordinated mental health services to people in community-based treatment centers

sociopolitical movements

patients rights movement deinstitutionalization both pushed to integrate mentally ill into society in order to live more satisfying lives deinstitutionalization -> more mentally ill ppl homeless and in prison

A medical researcher develops a drug that decreases symptoms of depression and other mood disorders. This drug would be classified as:

psychotropic

18/19th century changing conceptualizations

reform and moral treatment moral movement failed due to - money and staff shortage - overcrowding, declining recovery rates - emergence of prejudice against mentally ill

cognitive inventory

reveal a person's typical thoughts and assumptions and can help uncover counterproductive patterns of thinking

Drawbacks of Self-Reporting

self-enhancement and not always accurate

Eugenics had as its goal sterilization of people with mental disorders, a policy based on the idea that mentally ill people:

should not be allowed to pass on their defective genes.

A child in public school is grouped with other low-IQ children like her. She and her classmates have a specially designed program that is different from that of the other children in the school. This is MOST likely an example of:

special education.

Gesalt therapy

t therapy in which the therapist helps clients to accept all parts of their feelings and subjective experiences, using leading questions and planned experiences such as role-playing. clients are frustrate and challenged, encouraged to focus on the here and now

Providing treatment as soon as it is needed so problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term issues is called:

tertiary prevention

response inventory

tests designed to measure a person's responses in one SPECIFIC area of functioning, such as affect, social skills, or cognitive processes

A psychologist constructs a comprehensive view of what is causing and maintaining a person's abnormal behavior. This is referred to as:

the clinical picture other: a model. the diagnosis. an interpretation.

the ego

the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain.

superego

the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations

Which is MOST likely to be successful as part of a treatment foster care program?

training and treatment that involves the child, the foster parents, and the biological parents

A client with a controlling mother is undergoing therapy. Soon, the client begins seeking the therapist's approval for all types of decisions rather than just making the decisions herself. This is an example of:

transference

psychotherapy

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

eccentric

unconventional and slightly strange

A student who is quiet in class might be the life of the party on the weekend. Clinical observation of that student in class would lack:

validity