CM 1011 Terms Final
true
"Commissioning" of systems is part of construction close-out. (t/f)
false
"OSHA" stands for the "Occupational Safe Harbor Act." (t/f)
Quality Assurance
(QA)
Quality Control
(QC)
Network Diagrams
*aka Critical Path Method (CPM)* Adv: shows relationships btw activities and durations Disadvs: isn't as easy to understand as Gantt Chart
Gantt Chart
*uses bars to show length of each activity* adv: easy to understand because relates duration to calendar days; disadv: doesn't show relationships btw activities
BIM to Manage Construction
- Building a project in a virtual world before building it for real -work out many glitches behind a computer as opposed to in the field - link schedule and estimates
Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)
- Establishes safety standards for construction industry - Enforces standards through inspections at the job site - Fines if regulations are not followed
Primary causes of jobsite accidents
- Falls (33%) - Struck by materials, equipment, or other objects (22%) - Crushed or trapped (18%) - Electrical shocks (17%)
Common products requiring Material Safety Data Sheet MSDS
- Gas and fuel oil - Paints - Adhesives
Risk Quantification
- Likelihood of occurrence? - At what impact? (cost, schedule, etc) - What consequences? (more work, defects, etc)
When overrun occurs a Superintendent and Project Manager can mitigate by?
- Material Price Escalations - Increasing the amount of workforce - Identifying Quantity Errors
for evaluating project performance use *project debriefing*
- Target Goals and achievement - On-site team performance - Owner issues - Designer issues - Quality control issues - Subcontractor performance - Unusual circumstances or conditions
Factors Impacting Project Performance
- Weather conditions - Quality of Workforce - Quality of Supervision - Incorrect sequencing of work - Change orders - Overcrowded Job site - Defective Materials - Inadequate Tools and Equipment
Risk Mitigation
-Anticipate negatives ex. weather, price rise, enviro issues, political fallout, etc - Initiate actions - implement strategies
Detailed Schedules
-Break major activities down into smaller tasks so the overall schedule can be analyzed in greater detail -used at the field office
Why is estimating used in BIM (5D estimating)
-Estimating is the 5D aspect of BIM -makes it easy to conduct take-offs -limits room for errors in take-offs ("take-offs" are quantities of items they will need from blueprints in order to prepare part of the estimate. Examples of possible take offs include the number of light fixtures needed in the building plan)
Summary Schedules
-Group activities under broad headings Ex. mobilization, site work, foundation -most often used for management reports and presentations
Why is scheduling used in BIM? (4D scheduling)
-It adds a fourth dimension to the model -Helps with sequencing of activities -Helps with phasing and coordination -Helps with project logistics (a logistic is a detailed coordination of a complex operation)
How can BIM help with prefabrication?
-Knowing exactly how to prefabricate a piece will help cut down the schedule. -Prefabrication helps to raise the quality and lower costs. prefabricate: manufacture sections of to enable quick or easy assembly on site
How does BIM integrate subcontractors and suppliers?
-Many subs create their own BIM models -Elements contain information on product data, fabrication and installation
programs to aid in scheduling projects:
-Primavera P6 -FastTrack Schedule 9 -TracTime -BuildIt
What are the basics of *clash detection*?
-Show's material conflicts -Problems can be addressed before reaching the field -Saves money and time in rework/redesign.
How can BIM help with Layout and Fieldwork?
-Superintendents can use a model to see where lay-down areas and deliveries would best work with pinpoint accuracy
How is Operations and Maintenance effected by BIM?
-The As-Built is updated continuously during construction and given to building engineer. - BIM can link products & materials to the equipment and maintenance manuals installed
designing in BIM
-allows for what if scenarios in a virtual environment -allows specialty subs to see how their components interact with architectural components
Mini- Schedules
-broken down into even finer detail Ex. showing plumbing, heating, ventilation and air conditioning
Short-Interval Schedules (Look ahead schedules)
-created by superintendents and foremen to manage work over short period of time typically 3 week schedule -acts as work plan for work crews on site
Ways to track Job Performance
-daily field reports -time cards -subcontractor billing statements -delivery tickets -material invoices -equipment time tickets -job logs
AON Network Diagram [A]------------------------------>[B] activity relationship activity
-method of choice for the industry -also called precedence diagramming -Activity is noted on the node and arrows show relationships
The Planning Stage
-read project plans and specs -use WBS to create activity list
Feedback
-used to detect variances btw actual cost, time, and productivity from the estimate and schedule
7 Project Control Cycle
1. Develop project plan 2. Establish project benchmarks 3. Monitor project performance 4. Identify performance deviations 5. Evaluate corrective options 6. Make adjustments as needed 7. Document, report, and evaluate results
6 Total Quality Management
1. Identify the problem 2. Break the work down into its smallest steps 3. Identify the weak link 4. Determine the remedy 5. Apply the remedy 6. Measure the results
false
A backward pass in construction network analysis is called a lateral. (t/f)
false
A bar chart is more detailed than a network diagram. (t/f)
Types of Network Diagrams
AOA-Activity on the Arrow AON-Activity on the Node
Sequencing Stage
After determining what activities must take place you determine in what order they will take place -usually use AON network diagrams
Shop drawings (QC)
All fabrications for project must be approved
How can BIM be used to best utilize a site?
Allows site coordination and a number of different scenarios to be tested and confirmed
any of the above
An OSHA visit may be for any of the following reasons except one. Which one? Imminent danger Fatality or catastrophe Employee complaint or a referral Programmed inspection Any of the above
false. This method calculates the minimum completion time for a project
An activity on the critical path has float time built in. (t/f)
true
Another name for a bar chart is a gantt chart. (t/f)
two basic approaches to best implement BIM
Central repository approach Distributed repository approach
all of the above
Changes in construction work come from all of the following except one. Which one? Unforeseen conditions Deficiencies Regulatory compliance Contractor error All of the above are causes for changes
Preparatory inspections
Checks progress to make sure everything is ready for the next stage of construction
Submittals (QC)
Contractor provides documentation or a sample to the architect for approval
true
Delivery tickets are one of the ways to track performance. (t/f)
false
Design risks include who the subcontractors will be. (t/f)
true
Documentation is an important part of a safety program. (t/f)
risk avoidance
Don't take project to begin with
true
Employee involvement is important in a safety program because of employees' knowledge and experience (t/f)
Training programs (QA)
Employees must be trained consistently in the technical skills and techniques needed to perform the work
false
Environmental risk is NOT part of risk management on a construction project because nothing can be done about it. (t/f)
Safety (QA)
Establish rules and regulations regarding safety procedures and practices
Construction Manager's Duty
Evaluate situation Assess risks Make decisions Accept Responsibility For Results
(Safety Handbook) Safety and health training
Every worker on the jobsite must have access to appropriate safety training
Field observation reports
Everyone is encouraged to report any incorrect work
true
Final payment is part of contract close-out. (t/f)
Types of Schedules
Gantt Charts, Network Diagrams
Legal team advice may be needed on?
High dollar value projects, Unusual projects
Building code inspections (QC)
International Building Code
false, they work for Broadmoor
John Manion and Michael Park work for Boh Brothers. (t/f)
Common tailgate safety topics
Keep the jobsite clean Make scaffolds and work platforms safe Ensure excavation and trench safety Keep tools safe Ensure electrical safety
true
Labor availability is a construction risk. (t/f)
false
Management commitment to safety is more important than employee involvement in safety. (t/f)
#1 goal of safety management plan
Mitigate hazards and prevent accidents
false
Monitoring is a process done at the beginning of the Project Control Cycle, but is completed about halfway. (t/f)
Scheduling Stage
Once activities and order of those activities are determined assign durations to each activity
true
One of the key program components of a safety policy is concern for the employees. (t/f)
true
One way to identify safety hazards is via change analyses. (t/f)
false
Our guest speaker was Duane Jones. (t/f)
for documenting project performance use *Forecasts*
Periodic predictions in reports of final cost and schedule outcomes, while the work is still going on
Tracking Quality
Plans and Specs are the Primary Tools used Administrative Tests: - Field Observations - Submittals - Shop Drawings - Mock Ups - Inspections
Risk Identification
Pre-bid Risk Design Risks Construction Risks Political / Legal / Regulatory Risks Financing Risks Environmental Risks
true
Pre-bid risks include contract requirements. (t/f)
Subcontracting practices (QA)
Prequalify subcontractors in advance of bidding
Procurement methods (QA)
Prequalify vendors prior to making purchases
Three types of Activities
Production Procurement Administrative
true
Project de-briefing is important in evaluating project performance. (t/f)
true
Project overhead is one of the items to consider when pricing changes. (t/f)
risk abatement
Provide alternative or reduce risk in frequency or severity
Supervisory inspections (QC)
Quality control personnel should be familiar with standards associated with work
Employee incentives(QA)
Recognize and regard exceptional performance
true
Reports back to the estimating department is part of contractor close-out. (t/f)
risk retention
Retain reserve fund to offset risk or self perform work
3 steps of Risk management
Risk Identification Risk Quantification Risk Mitigation
solution
Risk Management involves three steps. Which one of the following is NOT one of those steps? Identification Quantification Mitigation Solution All of the above are steps
true
Safety should be in both the company vision and the mission statement. (t/f)
false
Schedule control is done by tracking progress of only the major work items. (t/f)
risk allocation
Sharing risk with other parties; joint venture
Mock-ups (QC)
Small models using the specified materials
Testing standards (QC)
Specs spell out which standards must be met *American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) *Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL)
risk transfer
Subcontract, insurance and/or bonds, contract provisions
Independent testing and inspections (QC)
Tests and inspections performed by independent agencies ex. Soil testing Concrete strength testing Structural steel testing
true
The Code of Conduct at The Lemoine Company includes a safety moment. (t/f)
E. All of the above
The Project Control Cycle includes all of the following except one. Which one? A. Develop a project plan B. Establish project benchmarks C. Monitor project performance D. Identify performance deviations E. All of the above
true
The Safety Journey includes both personal value systems and organizational value systems. (t/f)
true
The first rule of project management is "read the contract." (t/f)
true
The fiscal obligation of a safety program includes both direct and indirect costs. (t/f)
Classroom education
The hierarchy of hazard protection and control includes all of the following except one. Which one? Personal protection equipment Classroom education Engineering Administrative
3 stages of Building Your Schedule
The planning stage The sequencing stage The scheduling stage
true
The primary tool associated with project planning is the schedule. (t/f)
Legal Social Fiscal
The three main reasons for Safety and Health Programs are what?
true
There is a difference between education and training (t/f)
owner
Which one of the following is NOT a close-out discussed by Rudy Comeaux? Construction Contract Owner Contractor All of the above were discussed
WBS
Work Breakdown Structure -grouped by the activities performed by a single subcontractor
Float
activities that have some flexibility and won't jeopardize overall schedule
Activity
any task, function, or decision that has a time commitment or duration
Production Activities
building of the project ex. install structural steel in concrete slab
Zero-punch list
complete the final walk-through inspection with few or no punch items noted
Administrative Activities
contract administration such as permitting, submittals, inspections, & testing
for overall project status use *Earned Value Analysis*
determines estimated value of work completed compared to actual work completed
Hiring practices (QA)
finding people trained properly in respective trades
Special-Purpose Schedule
keep track of activities that support the work. ex materials being delivered
Distributed repository approach
links the Model to a collection of separate databases with independent programs (used by most subcontractors)
quality
meeting or exceeding requirements established in design documents
Central repository approach
merges all information from estimating and scheduling into one database (considered impractical)
Building Information Model (BIM)
multi dimensional model of the traditional two-dimensional plans and specifications
AOA Network Diagram O------------------------> O start Activity end
nodes btw activity arrows show start and end of connected activities
Procurement Activities
obtaining materials and equipment for the project
Schedule
primary tool for project planning; addresses "how long?"
safety manager
responsible for overall safety of the project
Critical Path
the activities that must stay on track in order to meet the planned schedule