CMA part 4

the slowing down of body processes is why older adults have special needs and why drug _______ must be adjusted for age.

dosages

the best chance of curing cancer is ______________.

early detection

you can provide ___________ support to a patient receiving chemotherapy by listening to your patient's fears and needs and doing what you can to help make them comfortable.

emotional

the linings of body tubes and cavities glands and skin are examples of ___________ cells.

epithelial

the four types of cells in the body are the ________ cells _____________ cells ____________ cells and ____________ cells.

epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve

hormones may be used in the treatment of neoplasms that are sensitive to the body's hormonal growth. ___________ is used to treat postmenopausal cancer.

estrogen

the health care worker should inform the patient that __________ is a normal side effect of chemotherapy and not a sign that the chemotherapy is not effective or that the cancer is spreading.

fatigue

during disease and trauma many cells may be damaged but because cells can reproduce themselves the body can often replace damaged cells . This is called _____________.

healing

antimetabolites are structurally similar to a building block necessary in the formation of DNA and the cell accepts the substance. However since it is an _______________ it interferes with the normal production of DNA resulting in cell death.

imposter

the internal immune system is made up of microscopic substance whose specialized function is to fight _____________.

infection

patients receiving chemotherapy may be especially prone to ____________ because of the destruction of white blood cells.

infections

cancer cells can ___________ nearby cells as they grow causing destruction.

invade

a reduction in the number of leukocytes in the blood is termed _____________.

leukopenia

as the body grows older the process of cell division begins to slow. cells are not able to replace themselves as easily as they did during youth. consequently the body takes _________ to heal after an accident or illness.

longer

cancerous tumors are called ___________ tumors.

malignant

cancer cells can "seed" themselves in other parts of the body and start new growths there this is called ___________.

metastasis

some chemotherapy drugs are specifically attracted to cells that are _____________ rapidly. thus they rush to the scene of a tumorous growth killing cancer cells.

multiplying

patients receiving miotic inhibitors should be watched closely for __________ side effects such as numbness tingling headache muscle pain and double vision.

neuromuscular

because a person preparing or giving chemotherapy may absorb the drug through inhalation of particler or through no intact skin guidelines have been developed by the _____________(OSHA).

occupational safety and health administration

___________ are made up of two or more types of tissues organized to carry out a particular function.

organs

harmful microorganisms that can cause disease are ___________.

pathogens

the external immune system gives protection from infection because of normal functioning defenses. the most important defense is the ___________.

skin

for efficiency cells are __________ to do certain jobs. some are designed to form protective coatings and linings for body parts other have the job of sending messages to and from the body's control center the brain.

specialized

irritation of the mucous membranes of the mouth is termed _____________.

stomatitis

The important functions that keep the body living breathing eating and digesting elimination thinking and regulating the body processes are performed by well-organized groups of organs and tissues called body __________.

systems

the water that surrounds the cells is know as ____________ fluid or ____________ fluid.

tissue, intersitital

groups of cells that work together to perform a certain function are called ____________. tissues

tissues

rapid cell growth may give rise to ___________ which are lumps or masses of tissue.

tumors

the body is built of living cells and it can manufacture many substances that it needs. However there are some materials that the body must take in ___________ is the most important of these substances.

water

Which of the following terms means able to suppress cell growth and replication? a. cytostatic b. cytocidal c. cytotoxic d.cytopenia

a. cytostatic

Which of the following terms means cancerous or able to spread to other parts of the body or to invade locally? a. malignant b. diffusion c. osmosis d. benign

a. malignant

which of the following terms describes two or more tissue types that perform a specific function? a. organs b. systems c. tissues d. groups

a. organs

Which of the following terms describes harmful microorganisms? A. pathogens b. antibodies c. invaders d. malignant

a. pathogens

which of the following is NOT a function of a cell? a. regulate temperature b. absorb food c. excrete waste products d. reproduce

a. regulate temperature

which of the following techniques is NOT a method to use when assisting a patient with oral hygiene? a. use a hard toothbrush to thorougthly cleanse the teeth and gums b. rinse the mouth often with water c. rinse the mouth often with mouthwash d. use a topical anesthetic

a. use a hard toothbrush to thoroughtly cleanse the teeth and gums

hair loss is termed ___________.

alopecia

hormones may be used in the treatment of neoplasms that are sensitive to the body's hormonal growth ______________ are used to treat breast cancer in menopausal women.

androgens

leukocytes also called white blood cells produce ____________ which are proteins that help destroy pathogens as they enter the body.

antibodies

vomiting is a problem resulting form cancer therapy. ____________ are more effective in preventing vomiting than they are in treating it they should be administered prophlactically before administering chemotherapy.

antiemetics

drugs used against cancer are called ______________.

antineoplastics

Which of the following terms describes proteins that help destroy pathogens as they enter the body? a. antigens b. antibodies c. t-cells d. hemoglobin

b. antibodies

Which of the following terms describes drug treatment of cancer? a. nuclear medicine b. chemotherapy c. pharmacotherapy d. cytotherapy

b. chemotherapy

Which of the following describes how chemotherapeutic agents are administered? a. low doses given continuously over a long period b. cycles of intensive treatment followed by a recovery period are used c. high doses are given continuously over a long period d. a high initial dose is given followed by a lower maintenance dose

b. cycles of intensive treatment followed by a recovery period are used

Which of the following terms describes the part of the cell that contains water protein lipids carbohydrates and inorganic solutes? a. cell wall b. cytoplasm c. nucleus d. mitochondria

b. cytoplasm

estrogen used to treat postmenopausal cancer progestin used with cancer of the kidney androgens used to treat breast cancer and tamoxifen used in metastatic breast cancer in women are all examples of the use of ___________ to treat cancer. a. antimetabolites b. hormones c. lymphokines d. antibiotic antitumor drugs

b. hormones

Drugs that are used for chemotherapy are attracted to cells that are rapidly: a. absorbing b. multiplying c. metabolizing d. mutating

b. multiplying

Which of the following terms describes new or abnormal growth of tissue tumor? a. hyperplasia b. neoplasia c. dysplasia d. metaplasia

b. neoplasia

Which of the following terms describes fluid found in spaces between cells it is also called intercellular fluid? a. lymph b. tissue fluid c. cytoplams d. plasma

b. tissue fluid

Which of the following terms describes an abnormal lump or mass of tissue? a. hematoma b. tumor c. atrophy d. hyperplasia

b. tumor

noncancerous tumors are called __________ tumors.

benign

tamoxifen is a synthetic antiestrogne drug used in metastatic ____________ cancer in women.

breast

patients receiving chemotherapy often _________ easily because many platelets have been destroyed.

bruise

bones ligaments cartilage and scar tissue are examples of ___________ cells.

connective

without chemotherapy after six generations a cancer cell would have produced ____________ cancer cells.

64

which of the following terms describes a spreading of malignant cells from one site to other parts of the body? a. diffusion b. infiltrating c. metastasis d. osmosis

c. metastasis

Which of the following terms is used to describe the period during which disease symptoms disappear? a. curative b. palliative c. remission d. expected

c. remission

Which of the following terms describes a cell's ability to divide into two? a. replication b. meiosis c. reproduction d. duplication

c. reproduction

which of the following terms is used to describe a group of cells working together? a. organs b. systems c. tissues d. groups

c. tissues

changes in the genetic code governing normal cell reproduction cause __________ cells to reproduce at a much faster rate than normal cells.

cancer

side effect from cancer treatment occur because chemotherapeutic agents cannot differentiate between ____________ cells and ___________ cells.

cancerous, normal

__________ are the basic unit of structure of all living things.

cells

drug treatment of cancer is called _____________.

chemotherapy

cancer drugs are given is ____________ of intensive treatment followed by a recovery period followed by another intensive treatment and so on.

cycles

the part of the cell that contains water protein lipids carbohydrates and inorganic solutes is the ____________.

cytoplasm

another term used for anticancer drugs is __________ which means that they stop all growth.

cytostatic

another term used for anticancer drugs is _____________ which means poisonous to cells.

cytotoxic

Which of the following terms describes well-organized groups of organs and tissues that perform functions to include breathing eating thinking and regulation? a. organs b. systems c. tissues d. groups

B. systems

The body is built of living cells and it can manufacture many substances that it needs. Which of the following is the most important substance that the body must take in? a. fiber b. water c. minerals d. vitamins

B. water

which of the following types of cells make up the lining of body tubes and cavities glands and skin? a. dermal b. hormonal c. epithelial d. connective

C. epithelial

Which of the following is NOT a substance that the body depends upon for life processes? a. minerals b. vitamins c. fibers d. proteins

C. fibers

which of the following chemical activities does NOT involve water? a. gases liquids and solids are dissolved in water before traveling through the body b. absorption involves water c. heat conservation involves water d. distribution involves water

C. heat conservation involves water

which of the following statements explains why older adults have special medical needs that include the necessity of adjusting dosages for age. a. cells are not easily able to replace themselves b. the process of cell division slows c. healing takes longer after an accident or illness d. digestion energy production and excretion all slow down

d. digestion energy production and excretion all slow down

Which of the following diet modifications should occur when a person is undergoing chemotherapy? a. include foods with strong odors to stimulate the olfactory system b. eat frequent small meals c. eat high protein high calorie meals d. drink a glass of red wine to stimulate the appetite

d. drink a glass of red wine to stimulate the appetite

Which of the following is NOT an area of the body that has rapidly multiplying cells? a. blood forming centers b. skin c. linings of the mouth throat stomach and intestines d. genitalia

d. genitalia

which of the following terms describes a reduction in the number of leukocytes in the blood? a. leukocytosis b. esophagitis c. anemia d. leukopenia

d. leukopenia

which of the following drugs are plant alkaloids that block cell division in the metaphase? a. antimetabolites b. alkylating agents c. antibiotic antitumor drugs d. miotic inhibitors

d. miotic inhibitors

Which of the following is the most important defense mechanism of the external immune system? a. mucous membranes b. cilia c. tears d. skin

d. skin

which of the following is NOT a feature of cancer? a. rapid cell growth and reproduction b. invading nearby tissue causing destruction c. seeding d. staying encapsulated and localized

d. staying encapsulated and localized

which of the following terms describes irritation of the mucous membranes of the mouth? a. esophagitis b. gingivitis c. periodontal disease d. stomatitis

d. stomatitis

which of the following is NOT a specialization performed by cells? a. forming protective coating and linings for body parts b. producing chemicals that control body processes c. connecting body parts or creating body movement d. synthesizing minerals and electrolytes

d. synthesizing minerals and electrolytes

Which of the following is NOT a result of chemotherapeutic drugs killing blood cells? a. patients bruise easily b. patients are more prone to infection c. bones break more easily d. the temperature regulatory system breaks down

d. the temperature regulatory system breaks down

which of the following drugs should be administered prophylactically before administering a chemotherapy drug? a. antiemetics b. rogaine c. antidiarrheals d. histamine

a. antiemetic's

Which of the following drugs acts as an imposter of building block necessary in the formation of DNA thereby interfering with the normal production of DNA and reulting in cell death? a. antimetabolites b. alkylating agents c. antibiotic antitumor drugs d. miotic inhibitors

a. antimetabolites

Without chemotherapy after six generations a cancer cell would have produced __________ cancer cells. a. 128 b. 64 c.12 d.6

b. 64

Which of the following types of drugs cross-link strands of cellular DNA and interfere with RNA causing an imbalance of growth that results in cell destruction? a. antimetabolites b. alkylating agents c. antibiotic antitumor drugs d. miotic inhibitors

b. alkylating agents

Which of the following terms describes hair loss? a. atrichia b. alopecia c. seborrheic keratosis d. folliculitis

b. alopecia

Which of the following terms is used to describe a well defined tumor that is contained and will not spread to other parts of the body? a. malignant b. stage 3 c. benign d. cytostatic

c. benign

Which of the following is NOT a type of cell in the human body? a. muscle b. epithelial c. chlorophyll d. connective

c. chlorophyll

Which of the following terms means poisonous to cells? a. cytostatic b. cytocidal c. cytotoxic d. cytopenia

c. cytotoxic

Which of the following gives the best chance of curing cancer? a. radiation b. chemotherapy c. early detection d. surgery

c. early detection

Which of the following terms describes a discharge of blood or other substances into tissues? a. benign b. metastasis c. extravasation d. hemolysis

c. extravasation

Which of the following is NOT a guideline followed when preparing chemotherapy agents? a. work in a specially ventilated room b. use strict aseptic technique c. follow standard precautions when handling chemotherapy drugs d. use PPE when handling the patient's vomit urine or feces

c. follow standard precautions when handling chemotherapy drugs

Which of the following side effects occur as a result of chemotherapy affecting the skin and the linings of the mouth throat stomach and intestines? a. nausea, vomiting diarrhea b. anorexia nausea diarrhea c. hair loss nausea vomiting d. anorexia diarrhea hair loss

c. hair loss nausea vomiting

During disease and trauma many cells may be damaged but because cells can reproduce themselves the body can often replace damaged cells. This is Called: a. replacement b. renewal c. healing d. diffusion

c. healing

which of the following types of cells produce antibodies which are proteins that help destroy pathogens as they enter the body? a. erythrocytes b. thrombocytes c. leukocytes d. osteocytes

c. leukocytes

because leukopenia is a side effect of chemotherapy which of the following would not be correct for the health care worker to do? a. monitor the patient's temperature and report if elevated b. instruct the patient to avoid large crowds c. instruct the patient on the principles of good hand washing techniques d.administer an analgesic for fever

d. administer an analgesic for fever

Which of the following is NOT a term used to describe drugs used against cancer? a. antineoplastics b. cytostatic c. cytotoxic d. cytocidal

d. cytocidal

hormones may be used in the treatment of neoplasms that are sensitive to the body's hormonal growth. _____________ are used to treat cancer of the kidney.

progestins

____________ means the disappearance of symptoms.

remission

cells have the ability to divide into two when they reach a certain size. this is called cell ________________.

reproduction