cmn3v week 6: listening (lecture& readings)

physiological noise

noise stemming from a physical illness, injury, or bodily stress

psychological noise

noise stemming from our psychological states including moods and level of arousal

distorted listening

occurs when we incorrectly recall information, skew information to fit our expectations or existing schemata, or add material to embellish or change information.

selective attention

our tendency to pay attention to the messages that benefit us in some way and filter others out

response preparation

our tendency to rehearse what we are going to say next while a speaker is still talking

action-oriented listeners

prefer listening to well-organized and precise information and are more concerned about solving an issue than they are about supporting the speaker

failing to limit distractions (noise), failing to attend to the message

barriers to listening

pseudo-listening

behaving as if you're paying attention to a speaker when you're actually not

aggressive listening

a bad listening practice in which people pay attention in order to attack something that a speaker says

evesdropping

a bad listening practice that involves a calculated and planned attempt to secretly listen to a conversation

rationalization

a form of distorted listening through which we adapt, edit, or skew incoming information to fit our existing schemata.

narcissistic listening

a form of self-centered and self-absorbed listening in which listeners try to make the interaction about them

short-term memory

a mental storage capability that can retain stimuli for twenty seconds to one minute

long-term memory

a mental storage capability to which stimuli in short-term memory can be transferred if they are connected to existing schema and in which information can be stored indefinitely

400-800 words per minute

at what rate do we process words?

125-175 words per minute

at what rate do we speak?

people-oriented listeners

concerned with others' needs and feelings, which may distract from a task or the content of a message

content-oriented listeners

enjoy processing complicated information and are typically viewed as credible because they view an issue from multiple perspectives before making a decision

critical listening

entails listening with the goal of analyzing or evaluating a message based on information presented verbally and information that can be inferred from context

informational listening

entails listening with the goal of comprehending and retaining information

responding

final step in the listening process that entails sending verbal and nonverbal messages that indicate attentiveness and understanding or a lack thereof

time-oriented listeners

fixated on time limits and listen in limited segments regardless of the complexity of the information or the emotions involved, which can make them appear cold and distant to some

receiving, interpreting, recalling, evaluating, responding

stages of the listening process

25-50%

the average person remembers what % of what they hear?

receiver apprehension

the fear of misinterpreting, inadequately processing, and/or not being able to adjust psychologically to messages sent by others

receiving

the first stage of the listening process in which a listener takes in information by seeing and hearing

evaluating

the fourth stage in the listening process in which we judge the worth of a message

listening

the learned process of receiving, interpreting, recalling, evaluating, and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages

hearing

the physiological function of receiving sound

interpreting

the second stage in the listening process which involves giving meaning to sounds or related stimuli

recalling

the third stage in the listening process

paraphrase

to rephrase the message into your own words

discriminative listening

type of listening in which we scan and monitor our surroundings in order to isolate particular auditory or visual stimuli

empathetic listening

type of listening that occurs when we try to understand or experience what a speaker is thinking or feeling

back-channel cues

vocalizations that signal vocally but nonverbally that you do or don't want to talk; can consist of verbal cues like "uh-huh," "oh," and "right," and/or nonverbal cues like direct eye contact, head nods, and leaning forward