cmn3v week 6: listening (lecture& readings)
physiological noise
noise stemming from a physical illness, injury, or bodily stress
psychological noise
noise stemming from our psychological states including moods and level of arousal
distorted listening
occurs when we incorrectly recall information, skew information to fit our expectations or existing schemata, or add material to embellish or change information.
selective attention
our tendency to pay attention to the messages that benefit us in some way and filter others out
response preparation
our tendency to rehearse what we are going to say next while a speaker is still talking
action-oriented listeners
prefer listening to well-organized and precise information and are more concerned about solving an issue than they are about supporting the speaker
failing to limit distractions (noise), failing to attend to the message
barriers to listening
pseudo-listening
behaving as if you're paying attention to a speaker when you're actually not
aggressive listening
a bad listening practice in which people pay attention in order to attack something that a speaker says
evesdropping
a bad listening practice that involves a calculated and planned attempt to secretly listen to a conversation
rationalization
a form of distorted listening through which we adapt, edit, or skew incoming information to fit our existing schemata.
narcissistic listening
a form of self-centered and self-absorbed listening in which listeners try to make the interaction about them
short-term memory
a mental storage capability that can retain stimuli for twenty seconds to one minute
long-term memory
a mental storage capability to which stimuli in short-term memory can be transferred if they are connected to existing schema and in which information can be stored indefinitely
400-800 words per minute
at what rate do we process words?
125-175 words per minute
at what rate do we speak?
people-oriented listeners
concerned with others' needs and feelings, which may distract from a task or the content of a message
content-oriented listeners
enjoy processing complicated information and are typically viewed as credible because they view an issue from multiple perspectives before making a decision
critical listening
entails listening with the goal of analyzing or evaluating a message based on information presented verbally and information that can be inferred from context
informational listening
entails listening with the goal of comprehending and retaining information
responding
final step in the listening process that entails sending verbal and nonverbal messages that indicate attentiveness and understanding or a lack thereof
time-oriented listeners
fixated on time limits and listen in limited segments regardless of the complexity of the information or the emotions involved, which can make them appear cold and distant to some
receiving, interpreting, recalling, evaluating, responding
stages of the listening process
25-50%
the average person remembers what % of what they hear?
receiver apprehension
the fear of misinterpreting, inadequately processing, and/or not being able to adjust psychologically to messages sent by others
receiving
the first stage of the listening process in which a listener takes in information by seeing and hearing
evaluating
the fourth stage in the listening process in which we judge the worth of a message
listening
the learned process of receiving, interpreting, recalling, evaluating, and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages
hearing
the physiological function of receiving sound
interpreting
the second stage in the listening process which involves giving meaning to sounds or related stimuli
recalling
the third stage in the listening process
paraphrase
to rephrase the message into your own words
discriminative listening
type of listening in which we scan and monitor our surroundings in order to isolate particular auditory or visual stimuli
empathetic listening
type of listening that occurs when we try to understand or experience what a speaker is thinking or feeling
back-channel cues
vocalizations that signal vocally but nonverbally that you do or don't want to talk; can consist of verbal cues like "uh-huh," "oh," and "right," and/or nonverbal cues like direct eye contact, head nods, and leaning forward