cna 101 cisco chapter6

Identifies a directly-connected network. Directly-connected networks are automatically created when an interface is configured with an IP address and activated

(C) in the beginning of the routing table and is followed by the destination address and outgoing interface

- Identifies that this is a local interface. This is the IPv4 address of the interface on the router.

(L) in the beginning of the routing table and is followed by the destination address and outgoing interface

maximum transmission unit

(MTU)

Here is a link to the PT ActivityView in a new window. Open the PT activity. Perform the tasks in the activity instructions and then answer the question. Which interfaces in each router are active and operational?

(show IP interface brief) in this question, the command is the one you will need to see the interfaces on the routers R1: G0/0 and S0/0/0 R2: G0/1 and S0/0/0

Which IPv4 address can a host use to ping the loopback interface?

127.0.0.1

Refer to the exhibit. Using the network in the exhibit, what would be the default gateway address for host A in the 192.133.219.0 network?

192.133.219.1

3rd field in a remote route entry Identifies the administrative distance (i.e., trustworthiness) of the route source. Lower values indicate increased trustworthiness of the route source

Administrative Distance field

IP is inherently unreliable because packet delivery is not guaranteed.

Best Effort

- Teleworkers, small businesses, and medium-size branch sites. Includes Cisco Integrated Services Routers (ISR) G2 (2nd generation)

Branch

No connection with the destination is established before sending data packets.

Connectionless

Routes traffic to other networks. Has a local IP address in the same address range as other hosts on the network. Can take data in and forward data out.

Default Gateway

Like a host, routers also use a default route as a last resort if there is no other route to the desired network in the routing table

Default routes

This 128-bit field identifies the IPv6 address of the receiving host.

Destination IPv6 Address

Identifies the destination network and how it was learned.

Destination Network

Formerly called the Type of Service (ToS) field, the DS field is an 8-bit field used to determine the priority of each packet. The six most significant bits of the DiffServ field is the Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) and the last two bits are the Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) bits

Differentiated Services or DiffServ (DS)

- These routes come from the active router interfaces. Routers add a directly connected route when an interface is configured with an IP address and is activated. Each of the router's interfaces is connected to a different network segment

Directly connected routes

This 20-bit field suggests that all packets with the same flow label receive the same type of handling by routers

Flow Label - field

A WAY TO IDENTIFY A NETWORKING DEVICE

HOSTNAME

This 8-bit field replaces the IPv4 TTL field. This value is decremented by a value of 1 by each router that forwards the packet. When the counter reaches 0, the packet is discarded, and an ICMPv6 Time Exceeded message is forwarded to the sending host

Hop Limit

Which two pieces of information are in the RAM of a Cisco router during normal operation? (Choose two.

IP routing table cisco IOS

Version - This field contains a 4-bit binary value set to 0110 that identifies this as an IP version 6 packet.

IP version header field for ipversion6

- Lists all known IPv4 routes, including direct connections, local network, and local default routes.

IPv4 Routing table

Lists all known IPv6 routes, including direct connections, local network, and local default routes

IPv6 Routing table

Which statement describes a hardware feature of a Cisco 1941 router that has the default hardware configuration?

It has two types of ports that can be used to access the console.

This is a host on the same local network as the sending host. The hosts share the same network address

Local Host Host Forwarding Decision

A router may have to fragment a packet when forwarding it from one medium to another medium that has a smaller

Maximum Transition Unit (MTU)

Operation is independent of the medium( copper, fiber,optic, or wireless)

Media Independent

The acronym is used to define the process that allows multiple devices to share a single routable IP address

NAT or PAT network address translation on a WAN private network translation on a LAN

nonvolatile memory that stores the startup configuration of a device

NVRAM

This 8-bit field is equivalent to the IPv4 Protocol field. It indicates the data payload type that the packet is carrying, enabling the network layer to pass the data to the appropriate upper-layer protocol.

Next Header - field

6th field in a remote route entry Identifies the IP address of the next router to forward the packet.

Next-hop field

Identifies the exit interface to use to forward a packet toward the final destination.

Outgoing Interface

last field remote route entry Identifies the exit interface to use to forward a packet toward the final destination.

Outgoing Interface field

- This 16-bit field indicates the length of the data portion or payload of the IPv6 packet

Payload Length - field

volatile memory that stores the running configuration and tables as generated by the device

RAM

nonvolatile memory that contains a limited IOS and instructions for the router

ROM

read only access

ROM

This is a host on a remote network. The hosts do not share the same network address

Remote Host Host Forwarding Decision

These routes come from remote networks connected to other routers. Routes to these networks can be manually configured on the local router by the network administrator or dynamically configured by enabling the local router to exchange routing information with other routers using a dynamic routing protocol.

Remote routes

Identifies how the network was learned by the router. Common route sources include S (static route), D (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol or EIGRP), and O (Open Shortest Path First or OSPF). Other route sources are beyond the scope of this chapter.

Route Source field

7th field remote router entry Identifies when the router was last heard from

Route Timestamp field

Large service providers. Includes Cisco ASR, Cisco CRS-3 Carrier Routing System, and 7600 Series routers.

Service providers

This 128-bit field identifies the IPv6 address of the sending host.

Source IPv6 Address

Which characteristic describes an IPv6 enhancement over IPv4?​

The IPv6 header is simpler than the IPv4 header is, which improves packet handling.

How does the network layer use the MTU value?

The MTU is passed to the network layer by the data link layer.

Within a production network, what is the purpose of configuring a switch with a default gateway address

The default gateway address is used to forward packets originating from the switch to remote networks.

Which value, that is contained in an IPv4 header field, is decremented by each router that receives a packet?

Time -to -live

a value that limits the lifetime of a packet

Time-to -Live

Contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to limit the lifetime of a packet. The packet sender sets the initial TTL value, and it is decreased by one each time the packet is processed by a router. If the TTL field decrements to zero, the router discards the packet and sends an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Time Exceeded message to the source IP address.

Time-to-Live

Which field in the IPv4 header is used to prevent a packet from traversing a network endlessly?

Time-to-live

- This 8-bit field is equivalent to the IPv4 Differentiated Services (DS) field.

Traffic Class - IPV6 field

When a connectionless protocol is in use at a lower layer of the OSI model, how is missing data detected and retransmitted if necessary?

Upper-layer connection-oriented protocols keep track of the data received and can request retransmission from the upper-level protocols on the sending host.

Contains a 4-bit binary value set to 0100 that identifies this as an IP version 4 packet

Version/portion of the header byte 1

Large businesses, organizations, and enterprises. Includes the Cisco Catalyst Series Switches and the Cisco Aggregation Services Routers (ASR)

WAN

What are two types of router interfaces? (Choose two.)

WAN LAN

the trustworthiness of a route

administrative distance

a connection does not have to be established to send data

conectionless

Which key combination allows a user to abort setup mode?

ctrl-c

A Device that allows the devices on one network to communicate with devices on other networks

default gateway

on a remote route entries field that identifies destination network 2nd field

destination network field

What type of route is indicated by the code C in an IPv4 routing table on a Cisco router?

directly connected route

Entering the netstat -r command or the equivalent route print command

displays three sections related to the current TCP/IP network connections:

What are two characteristics of IP? (Choose two.)

does not require a dedicated end-to-end connection operates independently of the network media

What is one advantage that the IPv6 simplified header offers over IPv4?

efficient packet handling

During the boot process, where will the router bootstrap program look for the IOS image by default?

flash

nonvolatile memory that stores the IOS and other system files

flash

When transporting data from real-time applications, such as streaming audio and video, which field in the IPv6 header can be used to inform the routers and switches to maintain the same path for the packets in the same conversation?

flow label

requires the establishment of a network connection to the device to be configured

in-band configuration

A host can ping itself by sending a packet to a special IPv4 address of 127.0.0.1, which is referred to as the loopback interface. Pinging the loopback interface tests the TCP/IP protocol stack on the host

itself Host Forwarding Decision

Which three commands are used to set up secure access to a router through a connection to the console interface? (Choose three.)

line console 0 login password cisco

the largest PDU that is supported

maximum transmission unit MTU

a value that is used by a routing protocol to identify the best route to insert into a routing table

metric

4th remote route entry field Identifies the value assigned to reach the remote network. Lower values indicate preferred routes.

metric field

Which portion of the network layer address does a router use to forward packets?

network portion

the destination router indicated by the outgoing interface entry in the routing table

next-hop

requires a direct physical connection to the device to be configured

out-of -band configuration

What IPv4 header field identifies the upper layer protocol carried in the packet?

protocol

What are two functions that are provided by the network layer? (Choose two.)

providing end devices with a unique network identifier directing data packets to destination hosts on other networks

10 What routing table entry has a next hop address associated with a destination network?

remote routes

Identifies how the network was learned by the router.

route source

Identifies how the network was learned by the router. Common route sources include S (static route), D (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol or EIGRP), and O (Open Shortest Path First or OSPF)

route source first letter in the table

the process of sending packets to hosts on a remote network

routing

command can be used to display the router's IPv4 routing table, as shown in the figure.

show ip route

Which characteristic of the network layer in the OSI model allows carrying packets for multiple types of communications among many hosts?

the ability to operate without regard to the data that is carried in each packet

A router boots and enters setup mode. What is the reason for this?

the configuration file is missing from NVRAM

If there are two or more possible routes to the same destination, the is used to determine which route is used in the routing table.

the metric is used to decide the route in the routing table

A packet leaving PC-1 has to traverse three routersand 2 switches how many hops hops to reach PC-4.​

three

What is the purpose of the startup configuration file on a Cisco router?

to contain the commands that are used to initially configure a router on startup