CNA EXAM
increased fluids, stool softener, increases dietary fiber
3 interventions to help a constipated patient
twitching of muscles, release of bowel and bladder, eyes remain open
3 signs that the body is shutting down (dying)
R- rescue patient by removing them from the room A- activate the fire alarm C- contain the fire by closing door E- extinguish fire
4 steps for extinguishing an electrical fire in a patient's room
P- pull the pin A- aim at the base of the fire S- squeeze the handle S- sweep from side to side
4 steps to using a fire extinguisher?
pressure point
Areas of the body where bone lies close to the skin is known as a. skin fold b. pressure point c. pressure ulcer d. skin breakdown
veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
chest compressions with a ratio of thirty compressions to 2 breaths
CNA finds a patient unresponsive with no pulse. what is the next step after activating the emergency response system? a. rescue breaths b. chest compressions with a ratio of thirty compressions to 2 breaths c. recheck pulse in different artery d. roll patient onto left side
strong; weak
CNA should undress the weak/strong side of the patient first and dress the weak/strong side of the patient first
notify the nurse
CNA takes a pulse oximeter reading of 82% on a patient admitted for COPD. what should the CNA do? a. chart this as a normal finding b. call a code blue c. notify the nurse d. check amount of oxygen via nasal cannula
consistency with toileting schedule
CNA's role with bladder and bowel retraining program a. check on resident every 4 hours for incontinence b. consistency with toileting schedule c. determine type of program best suited for resident d. notify the family that the resident is on the program
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COPD stands for ______
abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
nothing by mouth
NPO means
diabetic
_______ residents are are at risk of infection due to poor wound healing
rescue breaths
________ are used when the patient is not breathing but does have a pulse
CPR
__________ is used when the patient is not breathing and doesn't have a pulse
clear liquid
a _______ diet is used for a resident with an upcoming surgery (maybe the next day) or in post-surgery recovery
Activate the emergency response system
a patient suddenly loses consciousness and is unresponsive to verbal or painful stimuli. what should the CNA do first? a. apply oxygen b. activate the emergency response system c. perform chest compressions d. check for a pulse
help resident focus on even small accomplishments
a resident is admitted for rehab following a stroke and will be staying for a short time. which shows best support for resident's needs? a. provide total care for resident b. remind the resident that he/she will be happier at home c. set high standards for resident's achievements d. help resident focus on even small accomplishments
depressed
a resident who becomes disinterested in daily activities, refuses to take part in group activities, and looks out the window all day is probably _________
specific care required and goals
a resident's care plan provides the nurse aide with info about a. financial arrangements b. nurse aide's assignments/when care is provided c. specific care required and goals d. facility procedures
suggest a cup with a lid
a resident's hands shake when drinking liquid, causing spills. what should the CNA do? a. seat the resident with others who spill b. thicken the liquid c. suggest a cup with a lid d. place a clothing protector on resident
sundowning
a state of confusion at the end of the day and into the night; common in dementia patients
passive range of motion
action taken for a comatose patient?
nothing
appropriate breakfast for a resident scheduled for an afternoon surgery?
use circular motion and wipe away from body
appropriate cleaning technique for a catheter? a. every hour b. with bleach sanitary wipes c. use circular motion and wipe away from body d. back and forth motion and wipe towards body
flexion
bending of the limb at a joint
soothing therapeutic communication
best approach to dealing with a resident with alcohol withdraws and agitation? a. soothing therapeutic communication b. ignore the resident c. restrain the resident d. turn up the TV and turn lights off
hand washing with soap and water
best way to prevent spread of infection?
hematemesis
blood in vomitus
hypoglycemia
blood sugar less than 70 mg per deciliter due to missed meals or missed regular insulin/anti-diabetic medication dosages
hyperglycemia
blood sugar level greater than 200 mg/dL
ventricles
blood-pumping chamber in the heart
dementia
caregiver fatigue can result in abuse, especially in _________ residents
arteries
carry blood away from the heart to the tissues of the body
liquid feces seeping out of anus
common observation of an impacted resident? a. liquid feces seeping out of anus b. bad breath odor c. darkening urine d. many soft, formed stools
shaking or trembling
common observations for low blood sugar a. thirst and dry mouth b. shaking or trembling c. sweet breath odor d. increased urine
delirium
confusion and agitation
gown and gloves
contact precautions include wearing _________
hemopytsis
coughing up blood in the sputum
alive
deep tendon reflexes are present in those who are dead/alive
opportunities for activities and periods of rest
dementia resident's daily needs? a. resident's day is full of activities b. strict schedule c. change daily routine often d. opportunities for activities and periods of rest
delirium is acute; dementia is chronic
difference between delirium and dementia (hint: chronic vs acute)
avoid contact with outside of gloves
goal when removing soiled gloves? a. dispose in biohazard safe trash can b. keep germs in trash c. avoid contact with outside of gloves d. remove quickly so there is a less of a risk for exposure to germs
place cool wet towel/napkin against area
hot tea splashes on a resident's hand. the CNA should first: a. ask resident how badly it hurts b. move resident to nurses' station c. place cool wet towel/napkin against area d. apply antibiotic ointment and bandage
stay in the resident's line of vision
how can the CNA aid in communication with a resident with impaired hearing? a. turn back b. stay in resident's line of vision c. talk quietly d. use braille
every 2 hours
how often should immobile residents be repositioned?
pneumonia
infection causing inflamed air sacs of the lunch causing chest pain with a sharp, stabbing sensation upon breathing
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
pleuritis
layers of tissue separating the lungs become inflamed causing chest pain with a sharp, stabbing sensation upon breathing
braille
method of communicating with those with visual impairments
gloves and disposable mask
minimum PPE for a patient on droplet precautions?
falls
number one cause of traumatic brain injuries?
take away all food and drink from patient's reach
patient begins to choke after taking a sip from a straw. what should the CNA do after alerting the nurse? a. put fingers in patient's mouth to remove the object b. take away all food and drink from patient's reach c. lower the bed d. allow patient a few more drinks to clear throat
coma
patient cannot be aroused at all, either by verbal or painful stimuli
gastoesophageal reflux
patient experiencing chest pain with a burning sensation likely has _________
myocardial infarction (heart attack)
patient experiencing chest pain, left arm pain, sweating, shortness of breath is likely having a _______
cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
patient is having trouble forming thoughts/sentences and one side of the face is drooping. what is happening?
call light within patient's reach
precautions CNA should take to prevent falls? a. rug by patient's bed b. turn off lights and close curtains c. call light within patient's reach d. keep glasses and hearing aid in closet
Hematopoiesis
process of creating new blood cells in the body
10
pulse should be rechecked for _______ seconds every few minutes of CPR
hematochezia
rectal bleeding
2
restraints must be released at least once every _____ hours
diabetic ketoacidosis
result of too much blood sugar or hyperglycemia
myoclonic seizure
seizure involving the body making jerking movements
absence seizure
seizure with brief loss of consciousness, patient may stare into space
grand mal seizure
seizure with muscle rigidity, convulsions, and unconsciousness
tonic seizure
seizure with rigidity and stiffness in the muscles
migraine
severe headache that can mimic stroke symptoms but is less severe
contracture
shortening of a muscle
recovery position
side-lying position for a patient recovering after regaining pulse
purple
skin on a dark-skinned resident will appear ______ during skin breakdown
pale or red
skin on a light-skinned resident will appear _______ during skin breakdown
stupor
sleeping and only arouses to painful stimuli
somnolent
sleepy, only arousal to verbal stimuli but returning to sleep when stimuli stops
depression
stage of grief characterized by decreased interest in what is going on, lack of caring, and sadness
bargaining
stage of grief in which someone tries to talk to the doctor and find any possible additional treatments
denial
stage of grief when acting like nothing is wrong
extension
straightening of a limb at a joint
chills
symptom of a systemic infection? a. chills b. redness of the area c. pus d. swelling
redness, pus, swelling
symptoms of localized infection? a. chills b. redness of the area c. pus d. swelling
acceptance
the final stage of grief when you are at peace with the death
continue exercises but move on to another joint
the nurse aide performs ROM exercises and notices resident's elbow is stiff and will not bend. the nurse aide should: a. suggest seeing a physical therapist b. continue exercises but move on to another joint c. use gentle pressure to bend elbow d. continue, stiff joints are part of aging
intravenous fluids (IV)
this is administered as therapy for prolonged vomiting/dehydration
antibiotics
this is administered in the case of a severe bacterial infection
anti-nausea medications
this is administered to stop vomiting
a, b, d
to prevent injury and/or cause skin tears, the CNA should: a. avoid pulling sheets/garments off resident b. dress in long sleeves when weather permits c. dress in short sleeves when weather permits d. dress resident using skin protecting sleeves
muscle atrophy
weakening of the muscle
24 hours of continuing education every 2 years
what must a CNA do to maintain certification?
color of toes
what should CNA closely observe when resident wears elastic stockings to help circulation? a. the way the resident walks b. resident's shoe-fit c. pulse rate d. color of toes
place in sharps container immediately
what should a nurse aide do with a used disposable razor? a. clean, rinse, and dry so it can be used again b. throw in trash can c. wrap in paper towel until it can be thrown away d. place in sharps container immediately
check what scale is usually used for this resident
what should the CNA do when obtaining the resident's weight? a. check what scale is usually used for this resident b. ask if the resident remembers his/her last weight c. wait until after the resident has a bowel movement d. ask when resident last ate food/drank fluid
contact
what type of precaution is used for a patient with a clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection? a. droplet b. airborne c. contact d. standard precautions only
diabetic coma
when a diabetic patient goes unconscious
reaction formation
when a patient feels negatively but reacts positively
intellectualization
when a patient focuses on minute details of the situation rather than coping with the negative emotions associated with it
undoing
when a person has done something wrong and acts excessively in the opposite way to redeem themselves of prior wrongdoing
restraint is applied following the manufacturer's instructions
when a resident wears a restraint, the CNA must make sure: a. restraint is tight under clothing b. check once every 2 hours c. restraint is applied following manufacture's instructions d. resident is wearing incontinent brief
stop dressing to let resident rest
when dressing a resident, CNA notices the resident is breathing faster. resident says they feel tired. first action the CNA should do? a. stop dressing to let resident rest b. dress resident quickly c. check vital signs d. find a nurse to check the resident
displacement
when the patient takes negative feelings toward the doctor and expresses them toward the nursing assistant
capillaries
where arteries and veins meet to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide at the tissue level
to the bed frame
where should wrist restraints on a patient be secured?
crossed legs
which of the following should a CNA ask the resident to change in order to get an accurate manual blood pressure reading? a. crossed legs b. holding remote with hand c. resting head on head rest d. slouching
place large stop signs on doors
which will prevent confused residents from leaving the facility a. restrain resident b. keep them in their rooms c. place large stop signs on doors d. block exit doors