CNA EXAM

increased fluids, stool softener, increases dietary fiber

3 interventions to help a constipated patient

twitching of muscles, release of bowel and bladder, eyes remain open

3 signs that the body is shutting down (dying)

R- rescue patient by removing them from the room A- activate the fire alarm C- contain the fire by closing door E- extinguish fire

4 steps for extinguishing an electrical fire in a patient's room

P- pull the pin A- aim at the base of the fire S- squeeze the handle S- sweep from side to side

4 steps to using a fire extinguisher?

pressure point

Areas of the body where bone lies close to the skin is known as a. skin fold b. pressure point c. pressure ulcer d. skin breakdown

veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

chest compressions with a ratio of thirty compressions to 2 breaths

CNA finds a patient unresponsive with no pulse. what is the next step after activating the emergency response system? a. rescue breaths b. chest compressions with a ratio of thirty compressions to 2 breaths c. recheck pulse in different artery d. roll patient onto left side

strong; weak

CNA should undress the weak/strong side of the patient first and dress the weak/strong side of the patient first

notify the nurse

CNA takes a pulse oximeter reading of 82% on a patient admitted for COPD. what should the CNA do? a. chart this as a normal finding b. call a code blue c. notify the nurse d. check amount of oxygen via nasal cannula

consistency with toileting schedule

CNA's role with bladder and bowel retraining program a. check on resident every 4 hours for incontinence b. consistency with toileting schedule c. determine type of program best suited for resident d. notify the family that the resident is on the program

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

COPD stands for ______

abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

nothing by mouth

NPO means

diabetic

_______ residents are are at risk of infection due to poor wound healing

rescue breaths

________ are used when the patient is not breathing but does have a pulse

CPR

__________ is used when the patient is not breathing and doesn't have a pulse

clear liquid

a _______ diet is used for a resident with an upcoming surgery (maybe the next day) or in post-surgery recovery

Activate the emergency response system

a patient suddenly loses consciousness and is unresponsive to verbal or painful stimuli. what should the CNA do first? a. apply oxygen b. activate the emergency response system c. perform chest compressions d. check for a pulse

help resident focus on even small accomplishments

a resident is admitted for rehab following a stroke and will be staying for a short time. which shows best support for resident's needs? a. provide total care for resident b. remind the resident that he/she will be happier at home c. set high standards for resident's achievements d. help resident focus on even small accomplishments

depressed

a resident who becomes disinterested in daily activities, refuses to take part in group activities, and looks out the window all day is probably _________

specific care required and goals

a resident's care plan provides the nurse aide with info about a. financial arrangements b. nurse aide's assignments/when care is provided c. specific care required and goals d. facility procedures

suggest a cup with a lid

a resident's hands shake when drinking liquid, causing spills. what should the CNA do? a. seat the resident with others who spill b. thicken the liquid c. suggest a cup with a lid d. place a clothing protector on resident

sundowning

a state of confusion at the end of the day and into the night; common in dementia patients

passive range of motion

action taken for a comatose patient?

nothing

appropriate breakfast for a resident scheduled for an afternoon surgery?

use circular motion and wipe away from body

appropriate cleaning technique for a catheter? a. every hour b. with bleach sanitary wipes c. use circular motion and wipe away from body d. back and forth motion and wipe towards body

flexion

bending of the limb at a joint

soothing therapeutic communication

best approach to dealing with a resident with alcohol withdraws and agitation? a. soothing therapeutic communication b. ignore the resident c. restrain the resident d. turn up the TV and turn lights off

hand washing with soap and water

best way to prevent spread of infection?

hematemesis

blood in vomitus

hypoglycemia

blood sugar less than 70 mg per deciliter due to missed meals or missed regular insulin/anti-diabetic medication dosages

hyperglycemia

blood sugar level greater than 200 mg/dL

ventricles

blood-pumping chamber in the heart

dementia

caregiver fatigue can result in abuse, especially in _________ residents

arteries

carry blood away from the heart to the tissues of the body

liquid feces seeping out of anus

common observation of an impacted resident? a. liquid feces seeping out of anus b. bad breath odor c. darkening urine d. many soft, formed stools

shaking or trembling

common observations for low blood sugar a. thirst and dry mouth b. shaking or trembling c. sweet breath odor d. increased urine

delirium

confusion and agitation

gown and gloves

contact precautions include wearing _________

hemopytsis

coughing up blood in the sputum

alive

deep tendon reflexes are present in those who are dead/alive

opportunities for activities and periods of rest

dementia resident's daily needs? a. resident's day is full of activities b. strict schedule c. change daily routine often d. opportunities for activities and periods of rest

delirium is acute; dementia is chronic

difference between delirium and dementia (hint: chronic vs acute)

avoid contact with outside of gloves

goal when removing soiled gloves? a. dispose in biohazard safe trash can b. keep germs in trash c. avoid contact with outside of gloves d. remove quickly so there is a less of a risk for exposure to germs

place cool wet towel/napkin against area

hot tea splashes on a resident's hand. the CNA should first: a. ask resident how badly it hurts b. move resident to nurses' station c. place cool wet towel/napkin against area d. apply antibiotic ointment and bandage

stay in the resident's line of vision

how can the CNA aid in communication with a resident with impaired hearing? a. turn back b. stay in resident's line of vision c. talk quietly d. use braille

every 2 hours

how often should immobile residents be repositioned?

pneumonia

infection causing inflamed air sacs of the lunch causing chest pain with a sharp, stabbing sensation upon breathing

meningitis

inflammation of the meninges

pleuritis

layers of tissue separating the lungs become inflamed causing chest pain with a sharp, stabbing sensation upon breathing

braille

method of communicating with those with visual impairments

gloves and disposable mask

minimum PPE for a patient on droplet precautions?

falls

number one cause of traumatic brain injuries?

take away all food and drink from patient's reach

patient begins to choke after taking a sip from a straw. what should the CNA do after alerting the nurse? a. put fingers in patient's mouth to remove the object b. take away all food and drink from patient's reach c. lower the bed d. allow patient a few more drinks to clear throat

coma

patient cannot be aroused at all, either by verbal or painful stimuli

gastoesophageal reflux

patient experiencing chest pain with a burning sensation likely has _________

myocardial infarction (heart attack)

patient experiencing chest pain, left arm pain, sweating, shortness of breath is likely having a _______

cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

patient is having trouble forming thoughts/sentences and one side of the face is drooping. what is happening?

call light within patient's reach

precautions CNA should take to prevent falls? a. rug by patient's bed b. turn off lights and close curtains c. call light within patient's reach d. keep glasses and hearing aid in closet

Hematopoiesis

process of creating new blood cells in the body

10

pulse should be rechecked for _______ seconds every few minutes of CPR

hematochezia

rectal bleeding

2

restraints must be released at least once every _____ hours

diabetic ketoacidosis

result of too much blood sugar or hyperglycemia

myoclonic seizure

seizure involving the body making jerking movements

absence seizure

seizure with brief loss of consciousness, patient may stare into space

grand mal seizure

seizure with muscle rigidity, convulsions, and unconsciousness

tonic seizure

seizure with rigidity and stiffness in the muscles

migraine

severe headache that can mimic stroke symptoms but is less severe

contracture

shortening of a muscle

recovery position

side-lying position for a patient recovering after regaining pulse

purple

skin on a dark-skinned resident will appear ______ during skin breakdown

pale or red

skin on a light-skinned resident will appear _______ during skin breakdown

stupor

sleeping and only arouses to painful stimuli

somnolent

sleepy, only arousal to verbal stimuli but returning to sleep when stimuli stops

depression

stage of grief characterized by decreased interest in what is going on, lack of caring, and sadness

bargaining

stage of grief in which someone tries to talk to the doctor and find any possible additional treatments

denial

stage of grief when acting like nothing is wrong

extension

straightening of a limb at a joint

chills

symptom of a systemic infection? a. chills b. redness of the area c. pus d. swelling

redness, pus, swelling

symptoms of localized infection? a. chills b. redness of the area c. pus d. swelling

acceptance

the final stage of grief when you are at peace with the death

continue exercises but move on to another joint

the nurse aide performs ROM exercises and notices resident's elbow is stiff and will not bend. the nurse aide should: a. suggest seeing a physical therapist b. continue exercises but move on to another joint c. use gentle pressure to bend elbow d. continue, stiff joints are part of aging

intravenous fluids (IV)

this is administered as therapy for prolonged vomiting/dehydration

antibiotics

this is administered in the case of a severe bacterial infection

anti-nausea medications

this is administered to stop vomiting

a, b, d

to prevent injury and/or cause skin tears, the CNA should: a. avoid pulling sheets/garments off resident b. dress in long sleeves when weather permits c. dress in short sleeves when weather permits d. dress resident using skin protecting sleeves

muscle atrophy

weakening of the muscle

24 hours of continuing education every 2 years

what must a CNA do to maintain certification?

color of toes

what should CNA closely observe when resident wears elastic stockings to help circulation? a. the way the resident walks b. resident's shoe-fit c. pulse rate d. color of toes

place in sharps container immediately

what should a nurse aide do with a used disposable razor? a. clean, rinse, and dry so it can be used again b. throw in trash can c. wrap in paper towel until it can be thrown away d. place in sharps container immediately

check what scale is usually used for this resident

what should the CNA do when obtaining the resident's weight? a. check what scale is usually used for this resident b. ask if the resident remembers his/her last weight c. wait until after the resident has a bowel movement d. ask when resident last ate food/drank fluid

contact

what type of precaution is used for a patient with a clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection? a. droplet b. airborne c. contact d. standard precautions only

diabetic coma

when a diabetic patient goes unconscious

reaction formation

when a patient feels negatively but reacts positively

intellectualization

when a patient focuses on minute details of the situation rather than coping with the negative emotions associated with it

undoing

when a person has done something wrong and acts excessively in the opposite way to redeem themselves of prior wrongdoing

restraint is applied following the manufacturer's instructions

when a resident wears a restraint, the CNA must make sure: a. restraint is tight under clothing b. check once every 2 hours c. restraint is applied following manufacture's instructions d. resident is wearing incontinent brief

stop dressing to let resident rest

when dressing a resident, CNA notices the resident is breathing faster. resident says they feel tired. first action the CNA should do? a. stop dressing to let resident rest b. dress resident quickly c. check vital signs d. find a nurse to check the resident

displacement

when the patient takes negative feelings toward the doctor and expresses them toward the nursing assistant

capillaries

where arteries and veins meet to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide at the tissue level

to the bed frame

where should wrist restraints on a patient be secured?

crossed legs

which of the following should a CNA ask the resident to change in order to get an accurate manual blood pressure reading? a. crossed legs b. holding remote with hand c. resting head on head rest d. slouching

place large stop signs on doors

which will prevent confused residents from leaving the facility a. restrain resident b. keep them in their rooms c. place large stop signs on doors d. block exit doors