CNS review: Nutrient Standards and Dietary Guidelines

Each structure/function claim or set of claims must be accompanied by mandatory disclaimer:

"This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA. The product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease".

The Health Claim must use words like ______ or _______ to express any relationship between substance and disease.

"may" or "might"

Health claim rules:

- The Health Claim must use "may" or "might" to express any relationship between substance and disease. • The Health Claim cannot quantify any degree of risk reduction. • The Health Claim must indicate that a disease depends on many factors. -The food must contain less than the specified levels of all four of the following disqualifying nutrients: see image.

DV of calcium

1000 mg

RDA for extra protein for second half of pregnancy?

25G extra

DV of fiber

25g

The FDA has approved a health claim that indicates that including at least ____ grams of plant sterols in two meals daily may reduce the risk of heart disease.

3.4

At what percent DV is a key nutrient low?, high?

5%, 20%

DV or protein

50 g

DV of vA

5000 IU

DV of vitamin C

60 mg

low fat =

< 3 g of fat

DRIs have _____ age groupings. α 10 b. 5 c. 8 d. 16

ANS: A Because nutrient needs are highly individualized depending on age, sexual development, and reproductive status of females, the DRI framework has 10 age groupings, including age-group categories for children, men, and women 51 to 70 years and those older than 70 years of age. It separates three age-group categories each for pregnancy and lactation; the groups are younger than 18 years, 19 to 30 years of age, and 31 to 50 years of age

Pork is prohibited in which of the following religions? a. Jewish, Muslim, and Seventh Day Adventist b. Catholic, Muslim, and Buddhist c. Mormon, Jewish, and Muslim d. Mormon, Hindu, and Seventh Day Adventist

ANS: A Pork is prohibited in the Jewish, Muslim, and Seventh Day Adventist religions. It is avoided by most in the Buddhist and the Hindu religions.

There is an RDI for all of the following nutrients except a. fiber. b. biotin. c. iron. d. selenium.

ANS: A The RDI for biotin is 0.3 mg, for iron is 18 mg, and for selenium is 70 mcg. There is no RDI for fiber.

Which of the following is NOT part of the Universal Prescription for Health and Nutritional Fitness? a. Eat foods with prebiotics and probiotics. b. Drink fluoridated water. c. Eat fewer high cholesterol foods. d. Limit or omit high-sodium foods.

ANS: A The Universal Prescription for Health and Nutritional Fitness is a compilation of various guidelines that represents an overall pattern of eating. It makes statements that are very widely accepted to be true and does not include prebiotics or probiotics.

Nutrient Content Claims:

Nutrient content claims refer to the relative amount of a particular nutrient contained in the food or food product. For example, the claim "a good source of calcium" indicates that the food or food product contains at least a government-set minimum amount of calcium per unit serving.

What does RACC stand for?

Reference Amounts Customarily Consumed

Helps alleviate joint pain is an example-not allowed of what structure-function claim criteria

References to signs / symptoms of natural states are permissible so long as they are not uncommon and cannot cause significant hard if left untreated

What is a food with a small serving size?

a food with a RACC of 30 g or less or 2 tablespoons or less.

Structure/function claims describe a relationship between

a nutrient, herbal extract, combination of nutrients, combination of herbal extracts or combination of nutrients and herbal extracts and an effect of that nutrient, herbal extract, combination of nutrients, combination of herbal extracts or combination of nutrients and herbal extracts on either the performance of a normal physiologic function or the maintenance of the structural integrity of a part of the body. Such statements must not claim any relationship between the dietary supplement and the prevention or treatment of any disease.

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about fiber, "Good source of fiber"?

contains 2.5 to 4.9 g of fiber per serving

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about sodium,. "Lightly Salted"?

contains 50% less sodium than normally added to the reference food and, if not "Low Sodium," the statement "Not a Low Sodium Food" must appear on the label

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about fat, "Fat Free"?

contains <0.5 g of fat per serving

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about fat, "Saturated Fat Free"?

contains <0.5 g of fat per serving & the content of trans-fatty acids is ≤ 1% of total fat

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about cholesterol, "Cholesterol Free"?

contains <2 mg of cholesterol and ≤ 2 g of saturated fat per serving

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about sodium, "Sodium Free"?

contains <5 mg of sodium per serving

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about sugar, "Sugar Free"?

contains > 0.5 g of sugar per serving

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about sodium-reduced products, "Light"?

if food is "Low Calorie" & "Low Fat" & sodium is reduced by at least 50%

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about sodium, "Light in Sodium"?

if sodium is reduced by at least 50% per RACC

The Health Claim must not suggest that it applies to

infants or toddlers less than 2 years of age

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claims about sodium, "No Salt Added" and "Unsalted," when the food is not "Sodium Free"?

label must declare "This is Not a Sodium Free Food" either adjacent to the claim or on the information panel

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim "Healthy" on foods other than raw meat?

must contain, per serving, no more than 3 g fat, 1 g sat fat, 350 mg sodium or 60 mg cholesterol; must supply at least 10% of the DV for at least one of these nutrients: vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron, protein or fiber

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim "Healthy" on raw meat (including that of birds and fish)?

must contain, per serving, no more than 5 g fat, 2 g sat fat, 95 mg cholesterol

Food items with beta-glucan from various oat products or psyllium husk in defined quantities can claim that the soluble fiber contained in the food helps reduce ________

the risk of heart disease.

What action should the consumer take if "partially-hydrogenated vegetable oil" is listed as one of the first three ingredients on a food label? Why?

to limit the sources of trans fatty acids in the diet (identified by "partially- hydrogenated vegetable oil" as one of the first three ingredients listed on the label), replace the item with a similar food that lists "liquid vegetable oil" as one of the first three ingredients.

Food items low in saturated fat and cholesterol and containing at least 0.6g of soluble fiber without fortification (which means products containing whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables) can claim __________

to reduce risk of heart disease.

Structure/function claims may be used only in the labeling of dietary supplements. True or false

true

To be labeled as "organic," crackers must have at least _____% organic ingredients.

70%

A major difference between MyPyramid in the United States and Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating is a. the Canadian guide recommends daily servings of milk. b. MyPyramid emphasizes eating vegetables. c. Canada's Food Guide recognizes cultural, spiritual, and physical importance of Aboriginal foods. d. only MyPyramid includes a recommendation for physical activity.

ANS: C The Canadian Food Guide recognizes the cultural, spiritual, and physical importance of traditional Aboriginal foods as well as the role of nontraditional foods in contemporary diets. MyPyramid does not make the same distinction.

Which of the following is not a kosher standard? a. Food made from pigs or rabbits can never be kosher. b. Only people who are trained and qualified are allowed to slaughter kosher animals. c. To be considered kosher, meat and dairy products cannot be prepared or served together on the same plate. d. Whereas some shellfish can be kosher, fish are not.

B

lps maintain joint health without the use of NSAIDs Herbal antidepressant is an example-not allowed of what structure-function claim criteria

Claim may not suggest that the supplement or its ingredients belong to a particular class of drugs or is a substitute for a particular therapy

What are the requirements for reduced calorie foods called "Light" or "Lite"?

If 50% or more of the calories are from fat, the fat must be reduced by at least 50% per RACC. If <50% of the calories are from fat, the fat must be reduced by at least 50%, or the calories must be reduced by at least 1⁄3 per RACC.

Which of the following types of claims was first established under DSHEA? Authoritative statements Health claims Nutrition claims Structure-function claims

Structure-function claims

Stimulates the body's antiviral capacity is an example-not allowed of what structure-function claim criteria

The uses of the terms: disease(s), antiviral, antibacterial, antiseptic, antibiotic, diuretic, antidepressant, vaccine, analgesic, or any other word that would suggest that the product belongs to a class of products intended to cure, treat, or prevent disease is not permitted

The food must contain, without fortification, ____% or more of the Daily Value for at least one of the following six nutrients (dietary supplements excepted):

10

You are comparing two varieties of fudge-striped cookies. The regular cookies provide 150 kcal per serving. In order for the "light" cookies to be labeled with the claim "reduced calorie," they must contain _____ or fewer calories per serving.

113

RDA for calcium in adolescence?, elderly?

1300 mg, 1200 mg

DV or iron

180 mg

calorie free =

< 5 calories

The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines were written by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). a. True b. False

A

Arthritis Formula Cho-less-terol Migraine Relief is an example-not allowed of what structure-function claim criteria

A claim may not be disguised as a product name

Lowers serum cholesterol levels Relieves painful joints Lowers blood pressure is an example-not allowed of what structure-function claim criteria

A claim may not refer to a characteristic sign or symptom of a disease or class of disease

This product contains L- carnitine, formerly only available as a prescription drug" is an example-not allowed of what structure-function claim criteria

A claim may not refer to a supplement's formulation if the statements suggests that the product contains an ingredient that is or was regulated by the FDA as a drug

An example of an approved health claim is: a. acai berries help prevent cancer. b. grapefruit can assist in weight loss because it helps burn calories. c. diets low in sodium may reduce the risk of high blood pressure. d. eating fish meals twice a week can improve immunocompetence.

ANS: C A health claim is allowed only on appropriate food products that meet specified standards. The government requires that healthy claims be worded in ways that are not misleading. A claim cannot imply that the food product itself helps prevent disease. Grapefruit helping burn calories is misleading as is the statement that eating fish can improve immunity. Health benefits of fish are specific to levels of omega-3 fat contained in the fish.

The Healthy Food in Health Care Pledge a. encourages vendors to supply foods without harmful chemicals and antibiotics. b. encourages hospital food service to minimize food waste and support the use of food packaging that is ecologically protective. c. promotes locally sourced foods when possible. d. all of the above.

ANS: D The Healthy Food in Health Care Pledge was started by the Health Care Without Harm organization to encourage health care food service departments to change their practices. It includes eight areas of commitment. It encourages local sourcing of food, using products without harmful chemicals, and preventing food waste whenever possible. Other areas of focus include sustainable foods, patient education, and community engagement.

Helps stimulate the immune system while undergoing chemotherapy Helps maintain blood sugar levels in insulin- dependent people is an example-not allowed of what structure-function claim criteria

Claim may not suggest that a product is useful as a companion to regular drug therapy, or that it prevents or treats adverse events associated with a disease if the adverse events are also disease conditions

The regulation of nutrition labeling for foods was established by in 1973 by the _____.

FDA

Why is irradiation used for food preservation, and why is it considered safe?

Irradiation of foods damages or kills bacteria, making foods saferto eat. Irradiation dramatically increases shelf life. Irradiation neither damages nutrients nor makes the foods radioactive. Irradiated foods must be labeled with the radura symbol.

Reduces pain and stiffness associated with arthritis.... is an example-not allowed of what structure-function claim criteria

May not suggest that the product has an effect on a specific disease or class of disease

For meals & main dishes, "Light in Sodium" meets the definition for "Low in Sodium."

True

Picture of hand with joints highlighted in red is an example-not allowed of what structure-function claim criteria

Use of pictures, vignettes, symbols, or other means in a manner that otherwise suggest the presence of a disease condition is not permitted

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about fiber, "More/Added Fiber"?

contains at least 2.5 g more fiber per serving

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about cholesterol, "Reduced/Less Cholesterol"?

contains at least 25% cholesterol per serving & ≤ 2 g of saturated fat per serving

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about calories, "Reduced/Fewer/Less Calories"?

contains at least 25% fewer calories per serving

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about fat, "Reduced/Less Saturated Fat"?

contains at least 25% less saturated fat per serving

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about sodium, "Reduced/Less Sodium"?

contains at least 25% less sodium per serving

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about sugar, "Reduced/Less Sugar"?

contains at least 25% less sugar per serving

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about fiber, "High Fiber"?

contains at least 5 g of fiber per serving

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about fat, "Low Saturated Fat"?

contains ≤ 1 g of saturated fat per serving & the content of saturated fatty acids is ≤ 15% of total calories)

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about sodium, "Very Low Sodium"?

contains ≤ 35 mg of sodium per serving (or per 50 g of food if serving size is ≤ 30 g or 2 T)

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about calories, "Low Calorie"?

contains ≤ 40 kcal per serving (or per 50 g of food if serving size is ≤ 30 g or 2 T)

low sodium requirement

contains ≤140 mg of sodium per serving (or per 50 g of food if serving size is ≤ 30 g or 2 T)

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about sugar, "No Added Sugar/Without Added Sugar/No Sugar Added"?

no sugars added during processing or packaging; processing does not increase the sugar content above that naturally present in the ingredients

What 3 sorts of claims may be on food labels?

nutrient content claims (NCC), health claims and structure/function claims

What is the wording requirement for the nutrient content claim about fat, "Reduced/Less Fat"?

ontains at least 25% less total fat per serving

Statements concerning less well-established health benefits that have been ascribed to a particular food or food component are

qualified health claims

A claim that can legally be included on a food's packaging to describe a specific, scientifically supported health benefit is called a _____ claim.

regular health

Food items low in fat and rich in fruits and vegetables that contain dietary fiber and antioxidant vitamins A and C may claim to reduce ____________

risk for some types of cancer.

4 big changes on the new label

serving sizes are more realistic, calories are bigger, % daily values were updated, nutrients are updated (vC+vA removed, vD and potassium are required, added sugar is required, and calcium and iron stay the same.

Food items that are low in fat and a good source of dietary fiber without fortification (which means those based on whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables) can claim to reduce risk for ________

some types of cancer.

the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 requires:

that manufacturers provide a disclaimer on the label stating that "this statement has not been evaluated by

What does a nutrient content claim (NCC) refer to?

the relative amount of a particular nutrient contained in the food or food product; examples: "a good source of calcium" and "low in cholesterol"