Cog psych 10 and 11

Mental imagery involves

experiencing a sensory impression in the absence of sensory input.

Paivio (1963) proposed the conceptual peg hypothesis. His work suggests which of the following would be most difficult to remember?

Freedom

What is one of the criticisms about most of the research done trying to understand the human brain?

Most of the research studies have used English-speaking college students.

About how many languages are spoken in the world?

There are about 7,000 spoken languages in the world.

When most English speakers think about time, they conceptualize it as moving from left to right depending on how their body is oriented. How do Kuuk Thaayorre speakers conceptualize time?

They coceptualize time as being locked on the landscape from East to West.

What is one of the characteristics of the Kuuk Thaayorre language that helps native speakers to have the tendency of a good sense of direction?

They often speak in cardinal directions.

Suppose we asked people to form simultaneous images of two or more animals such as a rabbit alongside an elephant in their minds. If we ask them if the rabbit has whiskers, we would expect the fastest response to this question when the rabbit is imagined alongside

a bumblebee.

Mental scanning experiments found

a direct relationship between scanning time and distance on the image.

One of the most persuasive arguments Chomsky used to contradict Skinner's theory of language acquisition was that

children produce sentences they have never heard.

Which of the properties below is NOT one of the characteristics that makes human language unique?

communication

One of the conclusions of Pavio (1963/1965) was that objects are usually easier to remember because they are ______, whereas concepts tend to be harder to remember because they are ______.

concrete; abstract

One of Chomsky's proposition was that

humans are genetically programmed to acquire and use language.

Shepard & Metzler (1971)'s "image rotation" experiment was so influential and important to the study of cognition because it demonstrated

imagery and perception may share the same mechanisms.

The "imagery debate" is concerned with whether imagery

is based on spatial or language mechanisms.

Kosslyn asked participants to move about mentally on a fictional island that they had studied on a map. He believed that participants would take ______ to travel for ______ distances

more time; longer

Pylyshyn (1973) argued that imagery is ______.

propositional

We discussed the case of patient M.G.S. who had part of his right visual cortex removed to relieve the sizures due to epilepsy. Testing of M.G.S. pre- and post-surgery revealed that the surgery had

reduced the size of the imaginary field of view.

The behaviorist, B.F. Skinner, proposed that language is learned through

reinforcement

Syntax is the

rules for combining words into sentences.

A mental rotation task is focused on the ________ aspect of imagery.

spatial

Kosslyn interpreted the results of his research on imagery (such as the island experiment) as supporting the idea that the mechanism responsible for imagery involves ___________ representations.

spatial

Behaviorists did not support the study of imagery because

visual images are invisible to everyone except the person experiencing them.