cognition chapter 8
lifetime period
-large time periods with specific beginning and ending in time - may encompass many unrelated sub memories
event specific knowledge
-particular narrative that took place consecutively -accompanied by mental time travel
autobiographical memory( AM)
-recollected events that belong to a person's past -mental time travel - multidimensional -spatial,emotional, and sensory components
General events
-sequence of events that are themantically related -memory of one triggers others
functions of a.m.
directive, social, self representation
childhood amnesia
few to no memories before 2-4 years old; reduce memories before age 10
neurological theory:
hippocampus is under developed until about four years of age
flashbulb memories
important events that seem as if a flashbulb goes off and we photograph it in every detail; People often feel as if they are resistant forgetting
reminiscence bump
improved recollection from mid adolescence through early adulthood
The reminiscence bump refers to
increased episodic memories for memories from mid adolescence to early adulthood
scripts
knowledge about typical procedure in that setting( ex: standing in line at a store)
linguistic theory
language may allow rehearsal and elaboration
Elizabeth Loftus found that
memories can be altered by information after the original encoding; completely novel false memories can be created
during reconsolidation people are___ vulnerable to misinformation
more
theories of childhood amnesia
neurological, emotional, linguistic
evidence from false memories
people often remember a semantically consistent word as being on a list even though it wasn't(McDermott and Roediger)
childhood/infantile amnesia
probably not a failure to encode; memories can be present but fade with time
self representation
reanalysis of past experiences to determine a stable self in the future
The misinformation effect can be considered a form of:
retroactive interference
social
share experiences with others to reinforce bonds
emotional theory
very young children may process emotional information differently; certain early emotional experiences such as sibling birth sometimes remembered
constructive encoding in memory
what your remember is based on previous knowledge and beliefs
schema
Basic knowledge about a category of experience example office, baseball game
directive
Drive current actions based on past experiences