cognition chapter 8

lifetime period

-large time periods with specific beginning and ending in time - may encompass many unrelated sub memories

event specific knowledge

-particular narrative that took place consecutively -accompanied by mental time travel

autobiographical memory( AM)

-recollected events that belong to a person's past -mental time travel - multidimensional -spatial,emotional, and sensory components

General events

-sequence of events that are themantically related -memory of one triggers others

functions of a.m.

directive, social, self representation

childhood amnesia

few to no memories before 2-4 years old; reduce memories before age 10

neurological theory:

hippocampus is under developed until about four years of age

flashbulb memories

important events that seem as if a flashbulb goes off and we photograph it in every detail; People often feel as if they are resistant forgetting

reminiscence bump

improved recollection from mid adolescence through early adulthood

The reminiscence bump refers to

increased episodic memories for memories from mid adolescence to early adulthood

scripts

knowledge about typical procedure in that setting( ex: standing in line at a store)

linguistic theory

language may allow rehearsal and elaboration

Elizabeth Loftus found that

memories can be altered by information after the original encoding; completely novel false memories can be created

during reconsolidation people are___ vulnerable to misinformation

more

theories of childhood amnesia

neurological, emotional, linguistic

evidence from false memories

people often remember a semantically consistent word as being on a list even though it wasn't(McDermott and Roediger)

childhood/infantile amnesia

probably not a failure to encode; memories can be present but fade with time

self representation

reanalysis of past experiences to determine a stable self in the future

The misinformation effect can be considered a form of:

retroactive interference

social

share experiences with others to reinforce bonds

emotional theory

very young children may process emotional information differently; certain early emotional experiences such as sibling birth sometimes remembered

constructive encoding in memory

what your remember is based on previous knowledge and beliefs

schema

Basic knowledge about a category of experience example office, baseball game

directive

Drive current actions based on past experiences