Cognitive Psych Chap 4,6, 7 Quiz Questions

*ANSWER U.K.* *Most of the coherence in text is created by* A) Interference B) Phoneme Restoration C) Syntax D) WRONG Parsing

*ANSWER U.K.*

*ANSWER U.K.* *Which of the following is the best example of a garden path sentence?* A) The cats won't bake. B) WRONG The man was not surprised when he found several spiders, roaches, and other bugs in the corner of the room. C) Before the police stopped the Toyota disappeared into the night. D) The Eskimos were frightened by the walrus.

*ANSWER U.K.*

*You look at a rope coiled on a beach and are able to perceive it as a single strand because of the law of* A) Simplicity. B) Good continuation. C) Familiarity. D) Good figure.

B) Good continuation.

*Why is classical conditioning considered a form of implicit memory?* A) Because it is involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it. B) Because it usually involves memory for the episode in which it occurred. C) Because you have to make an effort to learn the association between the neutral and conditioned stimulus. D) Because it is based on motor skills like procedural memory is

A) Because it is involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it.

*Which set of stimuli would be the best selection for having people perform a lexical decision task?* A) Concrete words " window, monkey" and abstract words "doubt, energy" B) Correctly spelled words "speech, potato" and misspelled words "speach, potatoe" C) Common words "cat, boat" and uncommon words "peon, furtive" D) Words "pizza, history" and non-words "pebble, girk"

A) Concrete words " window, monkey" and abstract words "doubt, energy"

*Which statement below is most closely associated with levels of processing theory?* A) Deep processing involves paying closer attention to a stimulus than shallow processing and results in better processing. B) People who were sad when they studied did better when they were sad during testing. C) Information enters memory by passing through a number of levels, beginning with sensory memory, then short-term memory, then long-term memory. D) Events that are repeated enough can influence our behavior, even after we have forgotten the original events.

A) Deep processing involves paying closer attention to a stimulus than shallow processing and results in better processing.

*Acquiring information and transforming it into long-term memory is* A) Encoding. B) Memory consolidation. C) State-dependent learning. D) Transfer-appropriate processing.

A) Encoding.

*The Stroop effect demonstrates* A) How automatic processing can interfere with intended processing. B) Support for object-based attention. C) The ease of performing a low-load task. D) A failure of divided attention.

A) How automatic processing can interfere with intended processing.

*Which of the following is an example of a semantic memory?* A) I remember the big island of Hawaii has many active volcanoes. B) I remember seeing a volcano erupt in Hawaii last summer C) I remember "volcano" was the first word on the list Juan read to me. D) I remember my earth science teacher telling me how volcanoes erupt

A) I remember the big island of Hawaii has many active volcanoes.

*Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of in LTM.* A) Retrieval cues B) Long-term potentiation C) Elaborative rehearsal D) Mass practice

A) Retrieval cues

ANSWER U.K. *According to the multiple trace hypothesis, the hippocampus is involved in retrieval of* A) WRONG Remote, Semantic memories B) Remote, Procedural memories C) Remote, Episodic memories D) State-dependent memories

ANSWER U.K.

*In the lexical decision task, participants are asked to-* A) Decide which meaning of an ambiguous sentence is correct in a specific situation. B) Decide whether a string of letters is a word or a non-word. C) Separate a sentence into individual words. D) Identify words that are contained in sentences.

B) Decide whether a string of letters is a word or a non-word.

ANSWER U.K. *Bransford and Johnson's study had participants hear a passage which turned out to be about a man on the street serenading his girlfriend in a tall building. The wording of the passage made it difficult to understand, but looking at a picture made it easier to understand. The results of this study illustrated the importance of in forming reliable long-term memories.* A) rehearsal B) WRONG deep processing during retrieval C) implicit memory during learning D) an organizational context during learning

ANSWER U.K.

*Which of the following is an example of a semantic memory?* A) I remember my earth science teacher telling me how volcanoes erupt B) I remember the big island of Hawaii has many active volcanoes. C) I remember "volcano" was the first word on the list Juan read to me. D) I remember seeing a volcano erupt in Hawaii last summer

B) I remember the big island of Hawaii has many active volcanoes.

*Which of the following is NOT an example of semantic memory?* A) None of these ( they are all examples of semantic memory) B) I remember the day we learned about how talking on cell phones can impair driving ability. C) I remember that experiments have shown that talking on cell phones can impair driving ability. D) I remember that more than 33% of U.S. drivers have admitted to using a cell phone when driving

B) I remember the day we learned about how talking on cell phones can impair driving ability.

*Ron is an avid reader. He has a large vocabulary because every time he comes across a word he doesn't know, he looks it up in the dictionary. Ron encounters "wanderlust" in a novel, reaches for the dictionary, and finds out this word means "desire to travel." The process of looking up unfamiliar words increases Ron's* A) Syntactical capacity B) Lexicon C) Mental case D) Parser

B) Lexicon

*Lucille is teaching Kendra how to play racquetball. She teaches her how to hold the racquet, where to stand, and how to make effective shots. These learned skills that Lucille has acquired are an example of memory.* A) Working B) Procedural C) Autobiographical D) Semantic

B) Procedural

*Which of the following involves procedural memory?* A) Knowing how it feels to be scared B) Reading a sentence in a book C) Recalling a childhood memory D) Knowing how an automobile engine works

B) Reading a sentence in a book

*In the movie Groundhog Day, Bill Murray's character grows frustrated as he experiences the same day in his life over and over again. With each "passing" day, he is able to respond to people's actions more and more quickly because of* A) Mental time travel B) Repetition priming. C) Distributed practice. D) Reconsolidation.

B) Repetition priming.

*Coherence refers to the* A) Mental process whereby ambiguity is resolved online during sentence reading. B) Representation of the text in a reader's mind, so that information in one part of the text is related to information in another part of the text. C) Principle that we process information in isolation before we link it to its context. D) Mental process by which readers create information during reading that is not explicitly stated in the text.

B) Representation of the text in a reader's mind, so that information in one part of the text is related to information in another part of the text.

*__________ cues help us remember information that has been stored in memory.* A) Retrograde B) Retrieval C) Processing D) Encoding

B) Retrieval

*One of the defining characteristics of implicit memory is that* A) People use it strategically to enhance memory for events. B) We are not conscious we are using it. C) It is enhanced by the self-reference effect. D) It always leads to episodic memory for events.

B) We are not conscious we are using it.

*Language consists of smaller components, like words, that can be combined to form larger ones, like phrases, to create sentences, which themselves can be components of a larger story. This demonstrates which property of language?* A) Parallel B) Relational C) Hierarchical D) Propositional

C) Hierarchical

*Your book explains that brief episodes of retrograde amnesia (e.g., the traumatic disruption of newly formed memories when a football player takes a hit to the head and can't recall the last play before the hit) reflect* A) Temporary post-traumatic stress disorder B) Korsakoff's syndrome C) A failure of memory consolidation D) Disrupted long-term potentiation

C) A failure of memory consolidation

*Which example below best demonstrates state-dependent learning* A) Alexis always suffers test anxiety in her classes. To combat this, she tries to relax when she studies. She thinks it's best to study while lying in bed, reading by candlelight with soft music playing. B) Last night, at the grocery store, Cole ran into a psychology professor he took a class with three semesters ago. He recognized her right away. C) Although Emily doesn't very often think about her first love, Steve, she can't help getting caught up in happy memories when "their song" (the first song they danced to) plays on the radio. D) Even though Walt hasn't been to the beach cottage his parents owned since he was a child, he still has many fond memories of time spent there as a family.

C) Although Emily doesn't very often think about her first love, Steve, she can't help getting caught up in happy memories when "their song" (the first song they danced to) plays on the radio.

*Which of the following psychologists is known for research on operant conditioning?* A) John Watson B) Wilhelm Wundt C) B.F. Skinner D) Franciscus Donders

C) B.F. Skinner

*Memory for a word will tend to be better if the word is used in a complex sentence (like "the bicycle was blue, with high handlebars and a racing seat") rather than a simple sentence (like "he rode the bicycle"). This probably occurs because the complex sentence* A) Takes longer to process B) Is more interesting C) Causes more rehearsal C) Creates more connections.

C) Creates more connections.

*Evidence that language is a social process that must be learned comes from the fact that when deaf children find themselves in an environment where there are no people who speak or use sign language, they* A) Lose the ability to communicate in any way. B) Start speaking out loud even though they cannot hear themselves C) Invent a sign language themselves D) Demonstrate compensatory regeneration of lost auditory neural pathways

C) Invent a sign language themselves

*Scene scheme is* A) Rapid movements of the eyes from one place to another in a scene. B) How attention is distributed throughout a static scene. C) Knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene. D) Short pauses of the eyes on points of interest in a scene.

C) Knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene.

*If you are folding towels that have just come out of the laundry while watching television, you may find that you don't have to pay much attention to the process of folding the towels. This sort of familiar task that does not require much of your attention would be an example of a(n) task.* A) Attenuated B) High-load C) Low-load D) Filtered

C) Low-load

*Speech segmentation is defined as* A) Ignoring the spaces between the spoken words of a sentence. B) Recognizing a few words out of many when hearing a largely unfamiliar language. C) Organizing the sounds of speech into individual words. D) Creating a sentence from a series of spoken words.

C) Organizing the sounds of speech into individual words.

*This multiple choice question is an example of a test.* A) Personal semantic memory B) Word-completion C) Recognition D) Recall

C) Recognition

*B.F. Skinner, the modern champion of behaviorism, proposed that language is learned through* A) Parsing B) Syntactic framing C) Reinforcement D) Genetic Coding

C) Reinforcement

*The following statement represents what kind of memory? "The Beatles stopped making music together as a group in the early 1970s."* A) Implicit B) Episodic C) Semantic D) Procedural

C) Semantic

*According to memory research, studying is most effective if study sessions are* A) Short but all on a single day. B) Long and all on a single day. C) Short and across several days D) Long and across several days.

C) Short and across several days

*Syntax is* A) The mental groupings of words in a sentence into phrases. B) The way people pronounce words in conversational speech. C) The rules for combining words into sentences. D) The meaning of words.

C) The rules for combining words into sentences.

*Working memory differs from short-term memory in that* A) Short-term memory consists of a number of components. B) Working memory has unlimited capacity. C) Working memory is concerned with both holding and processing information. D) Short-term memory has unlimited capacity.

C) Working memory is concerned with both holding and processing information.

*The "magic number," according to Miller, is* A) 5 plus 2 B) Lucky 13 C) 7 and 11 D) 7 plus or minus 2

D) 7 plus or minus 2

*Memory enhancement due to repetition priming is a result of* A) The test stimulus being similar in meaning to the priming stimulus. B) The test stimulus being different in meaning from the priming stimulus. C) The test stimulus being different from the priming stimulus. D) The test stimulus being the same or resembling the priming stimulus.

D) The test stimulus being the same or resembling the priming stimulus.

*Negative reinforcement __________ responding; punishment __________responding.* A) increases; increases B) decreases; decreases C) decreases; increases D) increases; decreases

D) increases; decreases