Cognitive Psychology Chapter 6 Quiz

The coding of a stimulus into memory refers to which of the following?

Form

The constructive episodic stimulation hypothesis describes how our memories are connected to our ________.

Future

According to Tulving, episodic memory is distinguished by the process of ________ it.

reliving

Which of the following is an example of a semantic memory?

I remember the big island of Hawaii has many active volcanoes.

Neuropsychological evidence indicates that short- and long-term memories probably

are caused by different mechanisms that act independently.

___________ memories are to experiences as ___________ memories are to facts.

Episodic; semantic

Ming is taking a memory test. She is more likely to recall the name of a popular singer if she had

attended the singer's concert last year with her boyfriend.

Wickens et al.'s "fruit, meat, and professions" experiment failed to show a release from proactive interference in the "fruit" group because

the stimulus category remained the same.

A patient with impaired episodic memory would most likely have the greatest difficulty in

remembering graduating from college.

"I remember being really excited last year, when my college team won the national championship in basketball." This statement is an example of ___________ memory.

episodic

Procedural memories are also known as ________ memories.

skill

Why is classical conditioning considered a form of implicit memory?

Because it involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it.

___________ memories are those that we are not aware of.

Implicit

The predominant type of coding in long-term memory is

Semantic

Which of the following is NOT an example of an implicit memory?

Semantic memory

Which of the following is most closely associated with implicit memory?

The propaganda effect

Which of the following correctly lists types of memory from least to most complex?

Visual, semantic, episodic

From a cognitive psychology perspective, memories from specific experiences in our lives are defined as being ________.

autobiographical

Explicit memory is to ___________ as implicit memory is to ___________.

aware; unaware

The recency effect occurs when participants are asked to recall a list of words. One way to eliminate the recency effect is to

have participants count backwards for 30 seconds after hearing the last word of the list.

Work with brain-injured patients reveals that ___________ memory does not depend on conscious memory.

implicit and procedural

K.C., who was injured in a motorcycle accident, remembers facts like the difference between a strike and a spare in bowling, but he is unaware of experiencing things like hearing about the circumstances of his brother's death, which occurred two years before the accident. His memory behavior suggests

intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory.

According to Tulving, the defining property of the experience of episodic memory is that

it involves mental time travel.

Semantic memory is to ________ as episodic memory is to ________.

knowing; remembering

One of the defining characteristics of implicit memory is that

people are not conscious they are using it.

The type of coding that occurs in a particular situation primarily depends on the ________.

task

According to your text, which of the following movies is LEAST accurate in its portrayal of a memory problem?

50 First Dates

Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to autobiographical memories?

Autobiographical memories can involve both episodic and semantic content.

Regarding free recall of a list of items, which of the following will most likely cause the recency effect to disappear by preventing rehearsal

Counting backward for 30 seconds before recall

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion from the case of H.M., who had an operation to help alleviate his epileptic seizures?

Long-term memories are unaffected by damage to the hippocampus.

Lucille is teaching Kendra how to play racquetball. She explains how to hold the racquet, how to stand, and how to make effective shots. These learned skills that Lucille has acquired are an example of ___________ memory.

Procedural

Believing that a particular statement is true simply because you have seen the statement in previous instances is known as the ________ effect.

Propaganda

Which of the following involves procedural memory?

Reading a sentence in a book

In which of the following examples of two different brain-injured patients (Tom and Tim) is a double dissociation demonstrated?

Tom has good semantic memory and poor episodic memory, while Tim has good episodic memory but poor semantic memory.

Murdoch's "remembering a list" experiment described the serial position curve and found that memory is best for ___________ of a list.

both the first and last words

When investigating the serial position curve, delaying the memory test for 30 seconds

decreases the recency effect.

As people get older, their memories of past experiences tend to have an emphasis on ________.

facts

The primacy effect is attributed to

recall of information stored in long-term memory.

This multiple-choice question is an example of a ___________ test.

recognition

Your book discusses the memory functioning of patient H.M. who underwent brain surgery to relieve severe epileptic seizures. H.M.'s case has been extremely informative to psychologists by demonstrating that

short-term memory can operate normally while long-term memory is impaired.

The propaganda effect demonstrates that we evaluate familiar statements as being true

simply because we have been exposed to them before.

Memory enhancement due to repetition priming is a result of the test stimulus being

the same as or resembling the priming stimulus.

Researchers understood that KF had experienced a decline in short-term memory capacity because he had a digit span of ________ .

two

Your text describes an "Italian woman" who, after an attack of encephalitis, had difficulty remembering people or facts she knew before. She could, however, remember her life events and daily tasks. Her memory behavior reflects

intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory.

Your text discusses how episodic and semantic memories are interconnected. This discussion revealed that when we experience events,

the knowledge that makes up semantic memories is initially attained through a personal experience based in episodic memory.

Lamar has just gotten a new job and is attending a company party where he will meet his colleagues for the first time. His boss escorts him around to small groups to introduce him. At the first group, Lamar meets four people and is told only their first names. The same thing happens with a second group and a third group. At the fourth group, Lamar is told their names and that one of the women in the group is the company accountant. A little while later, Lamar realizes that he only remembers the names of the people in the first group, though he also remembers the profession of the last woman he met (the accountant). Lamar's experience demonstrates

a build-up and release of proactive interference.

The primacy effect (from the serial position curve experiment) is associated with ___________ memory.

long-term