Cognitive/Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy:

-First and still major CBT approach (influenced by Adler and early Greek Stoic thinkers.

How did Beck view depression?

-He saw it as "anger turned inward" and believed it stemmed from negatively biased interpretations of events. -believed depression was triggered by a triad of events: negative view of self interpreting world negatively in light of that bias consequential gloomy projections onto future Other triggers of depression are tendency to set rigid, unattainable goals for self, and screening out successful experiences inconsistent with negative concepts. Also, self criticism rooted in weakness, inadequacy and lack of responsibility.

What are some techniques and tools used in Beck's Cognitive Therapy?

-Helping clients monitor and evaluate automatic thoughts, recognize interplay of thoughts, feelings and emotions, & change underlying beliefs and assumptions. -We must restructure core beliefs/ schema for a lasting change in cognitive distortions: arbitrary inferences selective abstraction overgeneralization magnification and minimization personalization labeling and mislabeling dichotomous thinking In order to identify, examine & modify unsupported beliefs, clients may employ activity scheduling, behavioral experiments, skills training, role playing, & exposure therapies.

What does Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy believe?

-People are born with potential for rational and irrational thinking -we contribute to our own problems by holding to rigid and extreme beliefs as we interpret our circumstance. -Cognitions, emotions & behaviors have interactive, cause-and-effect relationship -Without irrational thoughts, we can be sad but not depressed, disappointed, but not shameful, etc... (Reduce emotional reactivity) -Our hidden dogma of "shoulds" and "musts" are the foundation for disruptive feelings and dysfunctional behaviors -We benefit from learning to accept imperfections, and from separating behavior evaluation from self evaluation

Popular CBT models:

-Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy -Cognitive Therapy -Cognitive Behavior Therapy/Modification

Beck's Cognitive Therapy:

-arose from his studies of depression -believes that problems arise from faulty thinking, incorrect inferences, and failure to distinguish fantasy from reality.

What are the basic attributes of CBT?

-collaborative client/therapist relationship -belief that cognitive disturbances contribute to psychological distress -seek to change cognition in order to change behavior -present focused and brief -Structured, educational approach aimed at specific goals.

Meichenbaum's Cog. Behavioral Modification

-focuses on changing client's self verbalizations -3 stage process of behavior change: self observation starting new internal dialogue learning new skills -believes emotions and thoughts can influence one another

Stress Inoculation Training:

A therapy that helps people to cope with stressful situations by developing positive ways to think about the situation.

What are the Rational Emotive Behavior techniques and tools used in therapy?

ABC Framework: useful tool for understanding interaction of feelings, thoughts events and behaviors, in order to achieve cognitive restructuring A- individuals perception of a fact or event is termed "Activating event" B- what the individual "Believes" about A C- individual's reaction/ emotional or behavioral "Consequence" D- therapeutic "Dispute" of (irrational) B (aka cognitive restructuring) E- the eventual "Effective philosophy" (new, healthy belief system emerges) F- resulting more proportional "Feelings"

What is the role of a CBT client?

Active both in session and on their own time

Social Cognitive Theory

Albert Bandura's theory of personality, which emphasizes the importance of observational learning, conscious cognitive processes, social experiences, self-efficacy beliefs, and reciprocal determinism. Theory that adds concerns with cognitive factors such as beliefs, self-perceptions, and expectation to social learning theory.

Beck Depression Inventory

Assesses depression and, in conjunction with the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), to gauge the likelihood of suicide. The Beck instrument is commonly used for clinical assessment and research. This instrument is used to figure out how severe a patient's depression is.

Skinner's Radical Behaviorism

Focuses on observable behaviors rather than the internal

Bandura's Social Learning

People learn new behaviors by observing others

What is the role of a CBT therapist?

active and directive

What is the therapy process for Beck's Cognitive Therapy?

automatic thoughts are examined, distortions are identified, and alternative interpretations are explored.

Why is Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) the most popular of the therapy approaches?

because it is is one of the most influential and empirically validated approaches to psychotherapy.

Cognitive behavioral evolved from:

behavioral

Cog. Behavior pros and cons

pros: Empirically based Brief Potential to "teach a man to fish" Integration Action oriented Demystification of the therapy process cons: Ignores potentially rich ground of exploring the past Large amount of therapist power could be abused Particularly Ellis, rigid critique of rigid thinking in religion Particularly Beck, accused of simplistic and superficial "positive thinking" May or may not undersell role of emotions

Define cognitive behavioral therapy

stresses the importance of cognitive processes as determinants of behavior. (if you can change the way you think, you can change the undesired behavior)

What are the major focuses of therapeutic intervention

subjective attitudes, beliefs, assumptions, and internal dialgogue

What is the goal of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy?

unconditional acceptance in both self and others