collegeboard us gov answer
Those who believe that the Supreme Court in its rulings should defer to the elective institutions of government are advocating
"judicial restraint"
The decision in United States v. Lopez (1995) reflected new ideas about federalism at the time that can be best characterized by which of the following
A delegation of power from the federal government to state governments, increasing state and local sovereignty
According to James Madison, which of the following best controls the effects of faction?
A large republic
Which of the following is argued by James Madison in The Federalist paper number 10?
A system of republican representation helps to limit the excesses of factionalism.
All of the following are true about the relationship between regulatory agencies and the industries they regulate EXCEPT:
Agencies usually make decisions without consulting the regulated industry.
Which of the following forms of financial aid from the national government gives the states the broadest discretion in the spending of money?
Block grants
In The Federalist 10, James Madison argued that the new constitution would help control faction by doing which of the following?
By creating a large republic, the new constitution made it less likely that a faction could gain enough power to completely dominate.
Which of the following best explains why cabinet secretaries might not aggressively pursue the president's policy agenda?
Cabinet secretaries may develop strong loyalty to their departments.
In 1998, Goodyear employee Lilly Ledbetter filed suit against her employer for pay discrimination based on her gender. Though Ledbetter was initially successful, Goodyear appealed the decision and the case went to the Supreme Court. In Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. (2007), the Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 requires that sex discrimination complaints must be made within 180 days "after the alleged unlawful employment practice occurred," which Ledbetter had failed to do. Which of the following actions could be taken to reverse the impact of the decision?
Congress could enact legislation to amend Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.
Which of the following possible actions illustrates a way Congress interacts with the bureaucracy to address the problem shown in the infographic?
Congress could have members of the Department of Transportation testify before a committee to discuss the issue and potential solutions.
Which of the following best reflects the holding in the case Baker v. Carr (1962) ?
Created a one-person, one-vote standard for reviewing congressional districts.
Unlike the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution does which of the following?
Emphasizes both national sovereignty and federalism.
Federal spending for which of the following is determined by laws that lie outside the regular budgetary process?
Entitlement programs such as Social Security
Under the Articles of Confederation, which of the following were true?I. Congress could not tax the states directly.II. The executive branch of government exercised more power than Congress.III. Congress was a unicameral body.IV. States were represented in Congress proportionally according to population
I and III
Which of the following is a way Congress can influence the federal judiciary?
It can change appellate jurisdiction of federal courts.
Which of the following is generally true of the gerrymandering of congressional districts?
It creates districts that favor one political party over another.
Shortly after the 2008 election, President Obama appointed outspoken and controversial House member Rahm Emanuel to lead his White House as chief of staff. The selection drew criticism from Republican leaders, including House minority leader John Boehner, who remarked that the selection "is an ironic choice for a president-elect who has promised to change Washington, make politics more civil, and govern from the center." Which of the following explains how Congress could legitimately respond to the appointment?
Members of Congress could issue statements opposing the appointment but have no formal power to block it.
Which of the following is true of the seniority system of Congress in relation to committee leadership and committee staffing?
Members of Congress with the longest continuous service are assured the chairmanship of major congressional committees.
Which of the following statements is supported by the chart above?
President Reagan nominated the smallest percentage of women to the judiciary.
political cartoon
Presidents can have an influence on public policy far beyond their terms of office.
political cartoon
State governments prefer federal funding but do not want federal oversight over how the money is spent & block grants
All of the following help to explain the President's difficulty in controlling cabinet-level agencies EXCEPT
The President can only fire appointees before they have been confirmed by the Senate
All of the following help to explain the President's difficulty in controlling cabinet-level agencies EXCEPT.
The President can only fire appointees before they have been confirmed by the Senate
Which of the following is an example of the constitutional design of checks and balances?
The Senate rejects a president's nomination for secretary of state
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of a case being decided based on precedent?
The Supreme Court bases its decision in a case involving the commerce clause on one of its earlier decisions involving the commerce clause
Of the following, which has been used most to expand the power of the national government?
The commerce clause of the Constitution
The framers of the Constitution designed which of the following to be LEAST responsive to public opinion?
The courts
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Supreme Court and public opinion?
The existence of a public consensus on an issue limits the extent to which the Court will render decisions contrary to that consensus.
In the case Wickard v. Filburn (1942), Roscoe Filburn was penalized for producing 12 acres of wheat above his allotment under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938. The law, justified under Congress' power to regulate interstate commerce, limited the amount of wheat an individual could grow. This regulation would keep prices from dropping and prevent farmers from going bankrupt. Filburn claimed that the excess wheat was for his own use, and challenged that no interstate commerce was involved. The Supreme Court ruled that the commerce clause allowed the government to regulate Filburn's personal wheat production, even though it was only indirectly related to interstate commerce. Which of the following was a likely result of the decision in Wickard v. Filburn that contributed to the Court's later decision in United States v. Lopez (1995) ?
The expansive interpretation of the commerce clause by the Supreme Court which greatly extended the power of Congress drew criticism that eventually led to a more narrow interpretation.
In the early part of the twenty-first century, public opinion polls showed that a majority of Americans believed it should be illegal to burn the American flag. As a result, many members of Congress introduced amendments to make it illegal to burn or desecrate the American flag. However, these efforts have been unsuccessful. Which of the following statements best explains why these efforts have been unsuccessful?
The framers made the amendment process difficult in order to protect individual rights.
Which of the following has decreased in Congress over the past twenty years?
The influence of committee chairs
Which of the following enumerated powers would permit Congress to stimulate the economy by hiring unemployed citizens?
The power to pass a federal budget
Which of the following is an example of checks and balances, as established by the Constitution?
The requirement that presidential appointments to the Supreme Court be approved by the Senate
The debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists were primarily about which of the following issues?
The scope of power of the central government
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a formal check on the power of the bureaucracy?
The secretary of defense being called to testify before a congressional committee
Which of the following features of the United States Constitution would most concern the author of Brutus 1?
The supremacy clause, which gives the federal government supremacy over states
All of the following serve as checks on the power of the federal courts EXCEPT
The voters can oust federal judges in national elections.
Which of the following is true of nominees for federal judgeships?
They are appointed for life by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.
Concurrent powers have which of the following effects on the United States political system?
They make it possible for the states and the national government to simultaneously exercise influence in the same areas of public policy.
Which of the following actions can Congress take if the Supreme Court finds a federal law unconstitutional?
Try to amend the Constitution.
The Connecticut (Great) Compromise provided for
a bicameral legislature with one house's composition based upon state population and another's on equal state representation
The Americans with Disabilities Act, which provides protections for the disabled, is an example of
a federal mandate
All of the following are consequences of the federal system in the United States EXCEPT
a strict division of power among levels of government
Elections for the House of Representative provide
approximately equal representation for every voter
Which of the following is the correct pairing of powers found in the Articles of Confederation and powers found in the Constitution?
article of confederation: unicameral legislature united state constitution: bicameral
Brutus was an example of an Anti-Federalist because he
believed a centralized government posed a major threat to individual rights
States and localities have the most discretion in establishing policy when federal funding is derived from
block grants
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service will spend money appropriated by Congress to maintain wildlife refuges. This action is an example of
bureaucratic implementation of law
Which of the following is empowered to create new federal courts and specify the number of judges who will sit on them?
congress
The president's role as chief diplomat is derived from
delegated powers
The House Rules Committee is an important part of the legislative process because it
determines the terms and conditions of debate when a bill goes to the House floor
Congress has the constitutional power to control the judicial branch by
determining the size of the Supreme Court
All of the following were concerns about the Articles of Confederation that led to the calling of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 EXCEPT
dissatisfaction over safeguards of individual rights and liberties
American political culture is characterized by strong popular support for all of the following EXCEPT
economic equality
To influence policy making by the federal courts, the president may do all of the following EXCEPT
fire and replace federal judges
As originally ratified, the United States Constitution included provisions designed to
increase the economic powers of the central government
Which of the following sets of Supreme Court cases best illustrates how views of federalism have shifted in the United States?
mcculloch v maryland & us v lopez
Cabinet members often do not have a dominant influence on presidential decision-making because
presidential goals often conflict with the institutional goals of individual cabinet-level agencies
After a constitutional amendment has been proposed by both houses of Congress, its adoption requires
ratification by three-fourths of the states
Most of the bills introduced in the House and the Senate are then
referred to committee but never sent to the full Congress
When independent regulatory agencies make rules, enforce those rules, and adjudicate disputes arising under those rules, they risk violating the constitutional concept of
separation of power
Most of the work of legislating in Congress takes place in
standing committees
One example of constitutional checks and balances is
the House can impeach federal judges and the president, and the Senate holds the impeachment trial
Federal budget entitlements refer to spending
to provide individual benefits established by legislation
All of the following issues were decided at the Constitutional Convention EXCEPT
voting qualifications of the electorate
A prominent example of the process of returning more of the responsibilities of governing from the national level to the state level is
welfare reform
