Com 115 Quiz #2, Public Speaking Com 115 Quiz #1

Suggestion for enhancing informative speaking?

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What role does the audience play in informative speeches?

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what organizational patterns are best for an informative speech? and examples

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importance of listening in public speaking?

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Stages of Tension

1. Anticipatory Stage 2. Confrontational Stage 3. Adaptation stage 4. Release Stage

Strategies to Reduce Apprehension

1. Complete Public Speaking Course 2. Focus on Audience 3. Reframe Your Message 4. Prepare 5. Take Several Deep Breathes 6. Realize that you're your worst critic 7. Gain skills and confidence 8. Visualize your success 9. Release tension

Types of Analogies

1. Figurative 2. Literal

Steps for Preparing A Speech

1. Select and Narrow a audience- centered topic 2. Develop content through research and sound support 3. draft the introduction, body, and conclusion 4. develop a language and presentation aid 5. rehearse and deliver speech

Process of Communication

1. Sender/Receiver (image and meeting needs) 2. Receiver/Sender (feedback) 3. Message (clarity, meaning-centered) 4. Channel (medium message is send thru) 5. Feedback (immediate, delayed) 6. Noise (physical, physiological, psychological, and semantic) 7. Occasion (time, pace, etc.) 8. Cultural Context ( norms,. rules, values, feelings)

General purpose of a speech

1. To inform 2. To perusade 3. To entertain

When audience stops listening?

1. attention drifts 2. when we are distracted 3. when we have pre conceived notions 4. when we disagree 5. when we are prejudicial or inflexible. 6. when faced with abstractions and forms own opinions.

types of technology-based presentational aid

1. audiotape/CD/ipods 2. videos/ DVD/ online media sharing sites

guidelines for writing survey question

1. avoid leading question 2. avoid ambiguity ( word without multiple meanings) 3. ask everyone the same questions. 4.be aware of time constraints

guidelines for constructing speaker notes

1. avoid overload 2. include only necessary information 3. reduce sentence to key phrases 4. include transitions and abbreviation 5. notes must be legible

options of displaying 2D presentation aid

1. chalk board/ dry erase 2. poster boards 3. flip chart 4. repositional note pad

effective informative speeches?

1. consider your audience needs and goals 2. consider your audience knowledge level 3. capture the attention and interest immediately 4. sustain audiences attention and interest 5. cite your oral sources accurately 6. signpost main ideas 7. relate the new with the familiar 8. use repetition 9. offer interesting visuals

Principles for using presentational aids

1. don't let your presentation aid distract your audience 2. make aware of timing and pauses 3. make sure equipment is working , prepare for failure. 4. use multimedia presentation only wit careful planning/ practice

What is supporting material?

1. facts. 2. statistics 3. examples 4. analogies 5. testimonies

Types of Questions in Questionnaire

1. fixed-alternative questions 2. scale questions 3. open-ended questions

Ways speaker can access audience information?

1. fixed-alternative: limited response 2. scale question: type of fixed alternative question that asks people to respond to question set up along a continuum. 3. open-ended question: audience member can respond however they wish.

Ways speaker can create a speaker-audience connection?

1. get to the point quickly. 2. have confidence 3. be of the people, not above the people 4. using humor 5. getting personal 6. encourage participation 7. examine other situational characteristics 8. learn as you go

what makes a topic relevant?

1. hasn't been over used. 2. new creative approach to it. 3. if topic relates to audience background

Parts to a speech

1. introduction 2. body 3. conclusion

whats kinds of criteria are important when using computer-generated aid

1. purpose, occasion, and audience 2. emphasize only relevant points 3. use rule of six 4. select appropriate design elements 5. don't let presentational aid upstage you 6. preview and practice.

4 steps for selecting main point?

1. select the main point 2. support the main point 3. choose the best organizational pattern 4. create unity throughout the speech.

Main types of informative speeches?

1. speeches of description (ex. paint a clear pictures) 2. speeches of explanation (ex. ideas, theories, and principles) 3. speeches of demonstration (ex. gradual change to a result)

importance of public speaking?

1. valuable activity 2. influences success in college 3. teaches critical thinking skills 4. influences career and community success 5. keys to leadership 6. skills complement technology 7. apart of domestic tradition

criteria for presentation aid

1. value to presentation 2. item safety 3. ease of transportation 4. size of object and audience

Types of transitions

1.internal preview: tells in general terms what is next. 2.internal summary: follows a main point and act as a reminder.

how fast do people typically talk

150 words per minute

how long is an attention span

20 seconds.

how many words per minute can a person process

400 words a minute

disadvantages and advantages of presentation aid

ADVANTAGES: available, engaging, persuasive, entertaining, memorable, increase clarity, make abstract ideas concrete, and help organize ideas. DISADVANTAGE: access, impersonal, time consuming, death by powerpoint, and potential for reduction.

Psychographics

Behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values of your listeners.

what ethical issues should the speaker be concerned with when giving speech?

Bias sources, unreliable, calculated ambiguity, outdated information, not enough information, omitting relevant information, and taking information out of context.

What are the two main types of audience analysis?

Demographic: age, gender, race, education, group affiliation, socioeconomics, religious background, geographic identities. Psychographic: behaviors, life choices, attitudes, beliefs, and values.

Different type of charts

FLOW CHART: display steps or stages in a process. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART: organized according to official hierarchies that determine the relationships of people at work.

Communication Apprehension

Individuals level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with others.

Adaption in audience analysis

Makes message relate to the listeners

Whats a planning outline? Whats the 4 min components? requirements?

Planning outline: full content outline (not every word) 4 main components: parallelism ( how you construct your sentences), coordination ( main points), division (points and sub points) requirements: indent correctly, quotes (word for word), moves from general to specific.

difference in instrumental and terminal?

Terminal: those we would like to achieve within our lifetime. (ex. job) Instrumental: helps us achieve the terminal values. (ex. ambition)

Critical Thinking

The application of the principles of reasoning to ideas of you and others. It enables you to evaluate your world and make choices based off what you've learned.

Communication

The exchange of information between people

Topical

The nature and scope of you topic

Specific Purpose. Different from a thesis statement?

The precise response you want from your audience. Thesis is what you want to say and specific sets the goal

Audience-Centered

What is public speaking?

five goals for informative speech

accurate, objective, clear, meaningful, and memorable.

Presentation Aid

actual objects, three-dimensional models, two-dimensional reproductions (photographs, drawing/ diagrams, maps, tables, charts, graphs), food, youtube videos.

what is a signpost?

beginning of speech: tell listener how many points and support. during the speech: transition for next information.

What is ethnocentric?

belief that ones own culture is superior to others.

Values

deep-seated abstract judgements about what is important to us.

advice for fine tuning listening

get ready to listen, minimize personal barrier, leave distractions behind, don't rush to judge, listen for content then delivery, effective note taker, active listener, and provide feedback.

hearing v. listening

hearing: physical ability to hear sound. Listening: attending, receiving, interpreting, and responding to messages.

thesis statement

identifies the main ideas of your speech

Demographics

inclusion of age, gender, race, and ethnicity. Things you are affiliated by

General Purpose

inform, persuade, or entertain the audience without saying it.

how does informative, persuasive, and entertainment differ? How in specific purpose?

informative: you enlighten your audience- increase understanding/ awareness, new perspective persuasive: influence your audience to agree with your point. entertainment: commemorate, inspire, or amuse your listeners.

Three main purposes of an introduction/ conclusion?

intro: captures attention/ interest of audience, establishes credibility, and previews speech topics. conclusion: reinforces message, summarize main points, provide a closure that relates to audience lives.

difference between introduction, body, and conclusion

intro: supports the body and captures audience attention. body: main points and supporting material that reinforce specific purpose and thesis. conclusion: support the body, reinforce the message, and bring your speech home.

why is repetition so important in informative speaking?

it helps reinforce the main points through summaries and paraphrasing.

Why is speaker word choice important

it reflects who you are

Outline v. notecards

layout and a piece of paper.

Beliefs

mental and emotional acceptance of the information

Spatial

moves from one physical pain to another physical point. ex. England to London

Rule of six

no more tha six word per line and no more with six lines per slide.

five general criteria for apply to evaluating speeches

organization, research/support, analysis, language, verbal and non verbal delivery.

difference in physical, psychological, behavioral manifestation.

physical: rapid pulse, dry mouth, increased sweating, shallow breathing, shaky hands, and knees. psychological: fear of criticism, forgetting, embarrassment, failure, and the unknown. behavioral manifestation: volume, pitch, rate, pause, vocal variety, eye contact, gesture, and body movement.

Attitude

predisposition that influence your response.

Problem and Solution

present a problem and examine 1+ possible solutions. ex. Children and public speaking

Chronological

relations in time 1. past-present-future 2.step-by-step

states of listening

sensing(to become aware of or to perceive), interpreting(attach meaning to a speaker words), evaluating(assessing the worth of the speaker ideas and its importance to you), and reacting/responding(providing feedback to speaker message)

What does it mean to be audience-centered and why?

shows your audience your understanding of their needs and you want to help then achieve their goals. its important because it ensures audience to listen and for a effective presentation.

Specific purpose

statement of intent

What is a subpoena and its purpose in an outline?

subpoint: helps with the division of the points. including supporting material, examples, and greater detail.

Cognitive dissonance, how it affects listener and reduces?

tendency to agree with ideas that fit our values and disagree with others that conflict with them. It causes mental stress and leaves when overall impression is consistent.

importance of relating the new with the familiar?

to connect eh new information with the information the audience already knows. Analogies makes it easier for the audience to understand the speakers.

What are the two types of connections in a speech?

transitions: verbal bridges between ideas. (clarifying direction of speech)

What's plagiarism? and why is it unethical?

use of other word, ideas, work without saying its their to advance your ideas.

Guidelines of using aid

value, safety, redundancy, design, focus of the speaker doesn't equal the slides, be familiar with the presentation aid, video/ volunteers.

Cause and effect

why something happened and what was the consequences. ex. alcoholism damages American families.

advice for note taking

write down questions, apply speakers comments to your own experience, identify the thesis and main points, decide if you agree or disagree.

Do speaker state purpose in the speech?

yes