COM 1261 Quiz 3

The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) suggests that when we form attitudes as a result of central processing, we are less likely to change our minds than when we base our decisions on peripheral cues. a. True b. False

a. True

"Target audience" refers to the group of people you most want to persuade. a. True b. False

a

A speech of recognition is often used to acknowledge someone and present an award, a prize, or a gift to that person. a. True b. False

a

A toast is a brief tribute, offered at the start of a reception or a meal; it often involves raising a glass and taking a drink in honor of the person being toasted. a. True b. False

a

After a major Northwest university finished constructing a new building, a ceremony was held to open the building. During the ceremony, the university president delivered a speech to honor an individual who provided most of the construction funds by formally naming the structure after the donor. What type of ceremonial speech was this? a. A dedication. b. A keynote. c. An elevator pitch. d. A commencement address.

a

Clarice wanted to enhance her credibility with her audience, so she decided to claim that her brief summer internship had actually been a job with significantly more responsibility and that this experience made her an expert on her topic. Was Clarice following the ethical guidelines described in the reading? a. No, because she was being dishonest about her expertise. b. No, because she was not providing the audience with a fair choice. c. Yes, because she also used additional information to support her claims. d. Yes, because audience members wouldn't mind if she exaggerated a little bit to make her point.

a

If you know the audience already opposes your position, you may want to use the refutative organizational pattern. a. True b. False

a

The goal of a speech of nomination is to a. highlight the qualities that make the nominee the most credible candidate. b. explain the candidate's position. c. introduce a nominee to an audience. d. announce the winner of an election.

a

The statement, "A law should be passed that restricts all members of Congress to only two terms in office," is an example of a. informative speech goal. b. proposition of policy. c. proposition of value. d. proposition of fact.

a

What is the primary goal for a speech of tribute? a. To invite listeners to truly appreciate the person, group, or event by arousing their sentiments. b. To acknowledge receipt of an honor. c. To acknowledge important accomplishments made by a person or group. d. To celebrate national holidays or anniversaries of important events.

a

What type of speeches are most often delivered at the Academy Awards or the Grammy Awards? a. A speech of recognition. b. A speech of nomination. c. A speech of introduction. d. A speech of acceptance.

a

When Wayne gave his speech about why the death penalty should be outlawed, he provided five well-supported reasons, in a meaningful order. This organizational pattern is called a. statement of reasons. b. comparative advantage. c. criteria satisfaction. d. proposition of policy.

a

When you argue from analogy, you support a claim with a single comparable example that is so similar that it can be used to constitute proof. a. True b. False

a

The five most common negative emotions are a. fear, guilt, shame, anger, and sadness. b. guilt, shame, anger, jealousy, and sadness. c. shock, fear, guilt, shame, and anger. d. shock, guilt, shame, anger, and despair.

a. fear, guilt, shame, anger, and sadness.

When Sandra gave a talk about computer viruses, she explained that when a computer suddenly begins running very slowly or refuses to load certain pages, it is logical to assume that the computer has a virus. She was using a. inductive reasoning. b. pathos. c. claim. d. deductive reasoning.

a. inductive reasoning.

A master of ceremonies is a. the highest-ranking individual in an organization. b. an individual designated to set the mood of the program, introduce participants, and keep the program moving. c. a paid professional who organizes an event. d. the person to whom a speech of welcome is directed.

b

A speech of introduction does all of the following EXCEPT for a. establishing a supportive environment for the main speaker. b. stating a policy that needs to be changed. c. highlighting the speaker's credibility. d. generating enthusiasm for listening to the speaker and topic.

b

A speech of nomination is only used in politics. a. True b. False

b

Alicia was a passionate supporter of a student who was running for student body president. In her speech, she decided to end with the following call to action: "Jim Johnson is the best candidate for student body president, so I've brought ballots for everyone to fill out to vote for him!" Which ethical guideline has Alicia failed to follow? a. Ethical persuasive speeches advocate the genuine beliefs of the speaker. b. Ethical persuasive speeches provide choice. c. Ethical persuasive speeches use representative supporting information. d. Ethical persuasive speeches honestly present the speaker's credibility.

b

An association of architectural product manufacturers invited a well-known speaker to deliver a major speech at their annual convention. The speaker will set the tone and generate enthusiasm for the conference theme. What type of speech is this? a. Roast. b. Keynote. c. Elevator pitch. d. Commencement address.

b

Ed wanted to give a speech on the dangers of childhood vaccinations, but he was frustrated because the evidence he found in the most credible sources suggested that vaccinations are generally safe. Then, he found a blog in which a woman claimed that a vaccination had made her child sick and decided to use that as his primary source of evidence instead of the sources he disagreed with. Has Ed made an ethical choice? a. No, because this source does not advocate the genuine beliefs of the author. b. No, because ethical persuasive speeches use representative supporting information. c. Yes, because Ed was careful to honestly present his own credibility. d. Yes, because the audience needs to know that not experts are not always right.

b

If your audience is apathetic, it means they are in favor of your topic and want to agree with you. a. True b. False

b

In your neighborhood, Senator Wilson, your favorite candidate, seems to have a lot of support: you see many people wearing buttons supporting her, and her events are attended by large and enthusiastic crowds. If you say you believe that Senator Wilson has a good chance of winning the upcoming election, it is an example of a. logos, ethos, and pathos. b. arguing from sign. c. arguing from analogy. d. syllogism.

b

It is not necessary to seek incremental change: if you give a good speech, the audience will come around to your point of view. a. True b. False

b

Speeches intending to actuate focus on changing the audience's beliefs or attitudes. a. True b. False

b

Speeches of welcome are generally rather long, ranging in time from 15 to 20 minutes. a. True b. False

b

The motivated sequence pattern is simply another name for the problem-solution pattern. a. True b. False

b

The president of the United States gives a speech on Veterans' Day. This kind of speech is called a dedication speech. a. True b. False

b

The typical acceptance speech should be about ten minutes long. a. True b. False

b

In Stephen Toulmin's model describing effective logos arguments, all arguments have three major elements: the claim, the support, and the conclusion. a. True b. False

b. False

In Stephen Toulmin's model describing effective logos arguments, the "claim" is the evidence the speaker offers in support of the conclusion. a. True b. False

b. False

It is not appropriate to use personal stories and testimonials when giving a speech. a. True b. False

b. False

Persuasive messages are rarely used in the digital age. a. True b. False

b. False

There is little difference between an informative speech and a persuasive speech. a. True b. False

b. False

Thinkers like Aristotle and Plato used the word "rhetoric" to mean a. inexact, inappropriate, or improper use of a word. b. using any and all available means of persuasion. c. using more words than is sufficient for clear expression. d. to speak incorrectly.

b. using any and all available means of persuasion.

All of the following are characteristics of an ethical persuasive speech EXCEPT for a. advocating the genuine beliefs of the speaker. b. using representative supporting information. c. dismissing or misrepresenting opposing points of view. d. using emotional appeals conscientiously.

c

At his aunt's funeral, Martin spoke about how much he loved and appreciated her, how grateful he was for having known her, and how he would remember the many ways that she encouraged him over the years. This kind of speech is called a a. speech of recognition. b. speech of nomination. c. eulogy. d. toast.

c

Carl's friend Micah thought it would be fun if the two friends gave speeches on marijuana legalization, with one advocating for change and the other arguing against change. Micah wanted Carl to argue for legalization and so Micah could advocate against it. However, Carl didn't really think legalization would be a good idea in his state. Would it be ethical for Carl to speak in favor of legalization since it was just a classroom speech? a. Yes, because he was still allowing students to make their own choice in the matter. b. Yes, because Carl planned to use ethical emotional appeals in his speech. c. No, because ethical persuasive speeches advocate the genuine beliefs of the speaker. d. No, because it is never ethical to advocate for changes to the law.

c

If a speaker is not very well known, it is imperative to mention his or her __________ during the speech of introduction and especially at its end. a. occupation. b. speech topic. c. name. d. educational background.

c

In making his case for why immigration should be restricted, Representative Dawes claimed that he knew some immigrants who had broken the law, so therefore immigrants were dangerous to the community. This is an example of a. arguing from sign. b. deductive reasoning. c. hasty generalization. d. logos, ethos, and pathos.

c

Kami wanted to help her audience understand how harmful texting and driving can be, so she opened her speech with a very emotional story about a high school student who was killed in an automobile accident with a person who was texting and driving. Was Kami following the ethical guidelines mentioned in your reading? a. No, because the story was not representative of most people's experiences with texting and driving. b. No, because ethical speakers should avoid emotional appeals. c. Yes, because it is acceptable to use emotional appeals if they are used conscientiously. d. Yes, because audience members need to stop texting and driving.

c

The statement, "It is wrong to plagiarize," is an example of a. informative speech goal. b. proposition of policy. c. proposition of value. d. proposition of fact.

c

What is the purpose for evoking positive emotions in a persuasive speech? a. To discourage listeners from paying careful attention to your message. b. To distract listeners who might have strong feelings about your topic. c. To encourage listeners to internalize your message. d. To prevent listeners from taking action.

c

Which of the following is true about a speech of welcome? a. It is not necessary to spend time on research when preparing a speech of welcome. b. Groups usually ask outsiders to deliver speeches of welcome. c. Sometimes, a speech of welcome is delivered by a master of ceremonies. d. A speech of welcome should include a call to action.

c

Diane gave a speech to young women living at a homeless shelter. She explained to them that this issue mattered a lot to her because when she was eight-years-old, she and her mom had become homeless and they too lived in a shelter for a while. Diane was trying to convey a. expertise. b. logic. c. goodwill. d. persuasion.

c. goodwill.

After a person has received an honor or an award, he or she may have to give a a. speech of recognition. b. speech of nomination. c. speech of introduction. d. speech of acceptance.

d

Alicia was using the motivated sequence pattern in her speech to convince her audience to vote in favor of a plan to raise bus fares to provide for extended weekend service. After she finished exploring the nature of the problem, she explained point by point how her proposal would satisfy each of the needs that she articulated in the previous step. She also mentioned that a similar plan had been tried successfully in a neighboring city to support the feasibility of her plan. Which step in the sequence was Alicia using? a. Attention step. b. Need step. c. Satisfaction step. d. Visualization step.

d

As he prepared his speech on the benefits of participation in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), Ken wondered if his audience needed to know that he was an ROTC member. Should Ken mention his membership in his speech? a. No, it would be unethical for Ken to act as if he knew a great deal about being in ROTC. b. No, because the speech was about the benefits of ROTC membership, not about Ken's experience with ROTC. c. Yes, because ROTC provides excellent benefits. d. Yes, because ethical speakers disclose interests that may influence their stance on an issue.

d

At Fred's retirement party, his boss delivered a speech to honor Fred's many years of excellent service to the company. What type of speech did Fred's boss deliver? a. A dedication. b. A keynote. c. An elevator pitch. d. A farewell.

d

Is it a good idea for you to devote a great deal of time to describing a speaker's outstanding credentials or excellent speaking skill when delivering a speech of introduction? a. Yes, because it will help the audience know what is coming next. b. Yes, because the audience will be more excited if they know they are about to hear an excellent speech. c. No, because a speech of introduction should be brief—no more than 2 minutes long. d. No, because if you set the audience's expectations too high, even a good speaker may have trouble living up to them.

d

The statement, "I want to convince my audience that pit bulls are a loving breed and people should not be afraid to adopt them," is an example of a. startling statistics. b. target audience. c. survey research. d. persuasive proposition.

d

The statement, "The science is clear: Human activity is causing our climate to change," is an example of a. informative speech goal. b. proposition of policy. c. proposition of value. d. proposition of fact.

d

Theresa gave a speech about how her state's decision to eliminate physical education in the schools was wrong. She started by focusing on how the lack of physical education was contributing to childhood obesity, then proposed a change in policy so that physical education could be restored. The organizational pattern she used in her speech was a. proposition of value. b. refutative. c. motivated sequence. d. problem-solution.

d

While she was First Lady, Michelle Obama gave a speech to the graduating class at Bowie State University on the day they received their diplomas. This kind of speech is called a a. roast. b. speech of acceptance. c. speech of dedication. d. commencement address.

d

Which of the following is NOT a method for improving terminal credibility? a. Explain your competence. b. Use evidence from respected sources. c. Pause and establish eye contact upon finishing your speech. d. Avoid vocal expression.

d. Avoid vocal expression.

____________ credibility is the audience's perception of your expertise at the end of your speech. a. Initial b. Concluding c. Derived d. Terminal

d. Terminal

In the candidates' debate, Senator Smith said he was opposed to the war in Iraq. His opponent, Senator Jones, immediately attacked him for "hating our military." This type of statement is an example of a. a hasty generalization. b. arguing from analogy. c. a false cause. d. a straw man.

d. a straw man.

According to Richard Petty and John Cacioppo's Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), when we listen carefully to a message and take time to think about it, we are using the ___________ of evaluating information. a. quick route b. peripheral route c. transitional route d. central route

d. central route

Your "derived credibility" refers to a. what the audience thinks at the beginning of your talk. b. what the audience thinks at the end of your talk. c. whether the audience agrees with your thesis statement. d. the strategies you employ throughout your speech to signal your expertise.

d. the strategies you employ throughout your speech to signal your expertise.

When Ben gave his speech about the impact of texting on our culture, he began by quoting a recent study that found that 13 to 17-year-olds send an average of 3,339 texts a month. That is an example of using a. vivid stories. b. pathos. c. startling statistics. d. straw man.

c. startling statistics.