com exam chapter 13

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interpersonal conflict

conflict between individual members of the group, WHO

storming

conflict emerges as people begin to perform their various roles, have their ideas heard, and negotiate where they fit in the group's structure

social loafing

contributing less to the group than other members or than they would if working alone

procedural conflict

disagreements or trouble with the mechanics of group operations, HOW

teams

task-oriented groups in which members are especially loyal and dedicated to the task and other group members

functions of small groups

help us meet instrumental, interpersonal, and identity needs.

primary tensions

tension based on uncertainty that is a natural part of initial interactions

characteristics of small groups

small groups usually focus on some sort of task completion or goal accomplishment

social cohesion

the attraction and liking among group members

task cohesion

the commitment of group members to the purpose and activities of the group

group cohesion

the commitment of members to the purpose of the group and the degree of attraction among individuals within the group

synergy

the potential for gains in performance or heightened quality of interactions when complementary members or member characteristics are added to existing ones

norming

the practices and expectations of the group are solidified, which leads to more stability, productivity, and cohesion within the group

group socialization

the process of teaching and learning the norms, rules, and expectations associated with group interaction and group member behaviors

group climate

the relatively enduring tone and quality of group interaction that is experienced similarly by group members

symbolic convergence

the sense of community or group consciousness that develops in a group through non-task-related communication

5 stages of group development

Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

types of small groups

Task oriented groups Relational oriented groups Primary groups Secondary groups Teams Virtual groups

groupthink

a lack of critical evaluation of proposed ideas or courses of action that results from high levels of cohesion and/or high conformity pressures

secondary tensions

emerges after groups have passed the forming stage of group development and begin to have conflict over member roles, differing ideas, and personality conflicts

relational oriented groups

formed to promote interpersonal connections and are more focused on quality interactions that contribute to the well-being of group members

task oriented groups

formed to solve a problem, promote a cause, or generate ideas or information

forming

group members begin to reduce uncertainty associated with new relationships and/or new tasks through initial interactions that lay the foundation for later group dynamics

performing

group members work relatively smoothly toward the completion of a task or achievement of a purpose

substantive conflict

group members' differing beliefs, attitudes, values, or ideas related to the purpose or task of the group, WHAT

secondary groups

less frequent face-to-face interactions, less emotional and relational communication, and more task-related communication than primary groups

primary groups

long-lasting groups that are formed based on relationships and include significant others

virtual groups

meet exclusively or primarily online to achieve their purpose or goal

adjourning

occurs when a group dissolves because it has completed its purpose or goal, membership is declining and support for the group no longer exists, or it is dissolved because of some other internal or external cause

types of group conflict

procedural, substantive, interpersonal

small group communication

refers to interactions among three or more people who are connected through a common purpose, mutual influence, and a shared identity


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