com exam chapter 13
interpersonal conflict
conflict between individual members of the group, WHO
storming
conflict emerges as people begin to perform their various roles, have their ideas heard, and negotiate where they fit in the group's structure
social loafing
contributing less to the group than other members or than they would if working alone
procedural conflict
disagreements or trouble with the mechanics of group operations, HOW
teams
task-oriented groups in which members are especially loyal and dedicated to the task and other group members
functions of small groups
help us meet instrumental, interpersonal, and identity needs.
primary tensions
tension based on uncertainty that is a natural part of initial interactions
characteristics of small groups
small groups usually focus on some sort of task completion or goal accomplishment
social cohesion
the attraction and liking among group members
task cohesion
the commitment of group members to the purpose and activities of the group
group cohesion
the commitment of members to the purpose of the group and the degree of attraction among individuals within the group
synergy
the potential for gains in performance or heightened quality of interactions when complementary members or member characteristics are added to existing ones
norming
the practices and expectations of the group are solidified, which leads to more stability, productivity, and cohesion within the group
group socialization
the process of teaching and learning the norms, rules, and expectations associated with group interaction and group member behaviors
group climate
the relatively enduring tone and quality of group interaction that is experienced similarly by group members
symbolic convergence
the sense of community or group consciousness that develops in a group through non-task-related communication
5 stages of group development
Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
types of small groups
Task oriented groups Relational oriented groups Primary groups Secondary groups Teams Virtual groups
groupthink
a lack of critical evaluation of proposed ideas or courses of action that results from high levels of cohesion and/or high conformity pressures
secondary tensions
emerges after groups have passed the forming stage of group development and begin to have conflict over member roles, differing ideas, and personality conflicts
relational oriented groups
formed to promote interpersonal connections and are more focused on quality interactions that contribute to the well-being of group members
task oriented groups
formed to solve a problem, promote a cause, or generate ideas or information
forming
group members begin to reduce uncertainty associated with new relationships and/or new tasks through initial interactions that lay the foundation for later group dynamics
performing
group members work relatively smoothly toward the completion of a task or achievement of a purpose
substantive conflict
group members' differing beliefs, attitudes, values, or ideas related to the purpose or task of the group, WHAT
secondary groups
less frequent face-to-face interactions, less emotional and relational communication, and more task-related communication than primary groups
primary groups
long-lasting groups that are formed based on relationships and include significant others
virtual groups
meet exclusively or primarily online to achieve their purpose or goal
adjourning
occurs when a group dissolves because it has completed its purpose or goal, membership is declining and support for the group no longer exists, or it is dissolved because of some other internal or external cause
types of group conflict
procedural, substantive, interpersonal
small group communication
refers to interactions among three or more people who are connected through a common purpose, mutual influence, and a shared identity