Imaging Pathology Module 1 Exam

The attenuation of a specific tissue relative to water is the a. CT number b. positron absorption c. echo coefficient d. pulse sequence

CT number

When tumor cells flourish, causing the patient to become weak and emancited, this condition is referred to as a. cachexia b. anorexia c. petechiae d. anaplastic

Cachexia

The general term used to describe obstruction of the airways leading to an ineffective exchange of respiratory gases is a. pulmonary mycosis b. severe acute respiratory syndrome c. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease d. pneumoconiosis

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Localized _____ is produced in an inflammatory reaction as a result of a fluid accumulation. a. edema b. elephantiasis c. fibrous adhesions d. filariasis

Edema

Which of the following complications may occur as a result of central venous catheter insertion or misplacement? (1) Pneumothorax (2) Air embolism (3) Puncture of the subclavian artery a. 2 and 3 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3

1, 2, and 3

Match the following terms related to ultrasound. a. echo free appearing as a dark region on the image b. reflections from body structures c. structure exhibits a relatively strong reflection appearing light gray to white d. tissue producing weak reflections that appear gray on the image e. two structures producing the same reflection 1- Isoechoic 2- Anechoic 3- Hypoechoic 4- Echoes 5- Echogenic

1- Two structures producing the same reflection 2- Echo free appearing as a dark region on the image 3- Tissue producing weak reflections that appear gray on the image 4- reflections from body structures 5- structure exhibits a relatively strong reflection appearing light gray to white

Match the following terms with the correct answer. a. Rubor b. Calor c. Dolor d. Tumor 1- heat 2- swelling 3- pain 4- redness

1- calor 2- tumor 3- dolor 4- rubor

Match the following terms related to the neoplastic process. a. glandular cell malignancy b. malignancy of epithelial cell origin c. soft, fatty tissue tumor d. tumor that grows in a glandlike pattern 1- carcinoma 2- adenoma 3- adenocarcinoma 4- lipoma

1- malignancy of epithelial cell origin 2- tumor that grows in a glandlike pattern 3- glandular cell malignancy 4- soft, fatty tissue tumor

Match the following terms related to hemorrhage. a. an accumulation of blood in the tissue b. large (>1 to 2 cm) subcutaneous bruise c. larger areas of bleeding into the skin d. minimal bleeding in the skin or mucous membrane e. rupture of a blood vessel 1- petechiae 2- purpura 3- ecchymosis 4- hematoma 5- hemorrhage

1- minimal bleeding in the skin or mucous membrane 2-larger areas of bleeding into the skin 3- large (>1 to 2 cm) subcutaneous bruise 4- an accumulation of blood in the tissue 5- rupture of a blood vessel

Match the following terms related to specialty imaging technologies. a. gamma camera movement and computer enhancement b. hybrid equipment producing two modality images simultaneously c. modality of choice for examinations of children and pregnant women d. radiofrequency pulses used to excite protons in the atoms e. scanning a slice of tissue from multiple angles with a narrow x-ray beam 1- computed tomography 2- SPECT 3- ultrasound 4- magnetic resonance imaging 5- direct fusion imaging

1- scanning a slice of tissue from multiple angles with a narrow x-ray beam 2- gamma camera movement and computer enhancement 3- modality of choice for examinations of children and pregnant women 4- radiofrequency pulses used to excite protons in the atoms 5- hybrid equipment producing two modality images simultaneously

High-resolution CT requires the slice sections be a. 2 to 5 mm b. 1 to 2 mm c. 1.5 to 2.0 mm d. 5 to 10 mm

1.5 to 2.0 mm

When a vaccine or toxoid is used to counteract an antigen, it is considered a. community-acquired immunity b. active immunity c. passive immunity d. iatrogenic

Active immunity

Hypotension and vascular collapse with urticaria, bronchiolar spasm, and laryngeal edema are characteristics of a. delayed reactions b. histamine release c. cyototoxic reactions d. anaphylactic reactions

Anaphylactic reactions

Fluid filled structures transmitting sound waves easily and appearing as a dark region on the image are _____ tissue. a. isoechoic b. hyperechoic c. hypoechoic d. anechoic

Anechoic

The most common hereditary abnormality is a. glycogen and lipid storage disease b. chromosomal aberration c. enzyme deficiency d. sex-linked disorders

Enzyme defeciency

A rare congenital abnormality in which one diaphragm is poorly developed and too weak to permit abdominal contents upward movement is a. ascites b. obesity c. diaphragmatic paralysis d. eventration

Eventration

The hallmark of pulmonary overinflation in cases of emphysema is a. pleural effusion b. fattened diaphragms c. calcification of the hilar region d. widened mediastinum

Fattened diaphragms

Connective tissue fibers replacing dead tissue and then contracting in the abdomen are known as a. keloids b. fibrous adhesions c. suppurative inflammation d. hyperemia

Fibrous adhesions

To detect the ionizing radiation being emitted from the patient to produce an image, a ____ is used. a. Geiger counter b. pocket dosimeter c. dose calibrator d. gamma camera

Gamma camera

The progression of a loss of oxygen and nutrients resulting in tissue necrosis, especially in the diabetics' foot, is called a. infarction b. hemorrhage c. gangrene d. ischemia

Gangrene

In an injury, the destroyed tissue is replaced with a. granulomatous inflammation b. pyogens c. phagocytes d. granulation tissue

Granulation tissue

By selecting different pulses, sequences, and frequencies, the MR T1-weighted image produces images with a a. high signal intensity (bright) fat, subacute hemorrhage, and contrast material b. low signal intensity (intermediate to dark) fat c. high signal intensity (bright) water d. low signal intensity (very dark) bone and air

High signal intensity (bright) fat, subacute hemorrhage, and contrast material

The retrovirus known to contribute to AIDS is a. Kaposi sarcoma b. immunoglobulins c. hepatitis d. human immunodeficiency virus

Human immunodeficiency virus

The newborn who experiences underaeration of the lungs resulting from the lack of surfactant has a. pneumonia b. cystic fibrosis c. croup d. hyaline membrane disease

Hyaline membrane disease

When cells fail to develop and as a result the organ is small, the organ is considered a. dysplastic b. hypoplastic c. hyperplastic d. anaplastic

Hypoplastic

A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment is a. iatrogenic b. community acquired c. idiopathic d. neoplasia

Iatrogenic

In acute inflammation, the localized hear and redness are a result of the a. increased blood flow and vascular permeability b. regeneration of normal parenchymal cells c. enzymatic digestion of dead cells d. migration of circulating white blood cells

Increased blood flow and vascular permeability

Depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by an arterial vessel narrowing is referred to as a. ischemia b. petechiae c. filariasis d. gangrene

Ischemia

The earliest sign of this disease process is blunting of the normal sharp angle between the diaphragm and the rib cage. a. Pneumothorax b. Pleural effusion c. Pleurisy d. Pulmonary emboli

Pleural effusion

Thrombi that develop in the deep venous system of the lower extremity and are trapped in the lung circulation are a. bronchial emboli b. pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas c. alveolar emboli d. pulmonary emboli

Pulmonary emboli

The disease that attacks the lower respiratory system causing necrosis of the respiratory epithelium of the bronchi and the bronchioles leading to bronchiolitis is called a. anthrax b. pneumoconiosis c. pulmonary mycosis d. respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

In MRI, relaxation is a. the repetition of the energy signal b. the energy transfer of the radiofrequency pulse to tissue c. the proton releasing energy to return to its original state d. the listening time of the MR unit to hear an echo

The proton releasing energy to return to its original state

Stomach, thyroid, and pancreas carcinomas often metastasize to the lung by a. lymphangitic spread b. hematogenous spread c. direct connection d. none of the above

Lymphangitic spread

The major metastatic route of carcinomas is a. lymphatic spread b. hematopoietic spread c. hematogenous spread d. undifferentiated spread

Lymphatic spread

The modality of choice to demonstrate the multiple manifestation of AIDS in the central nervous system is a. ultrasound b. CT c. MRI d. nuclear medicine

MRI

The modality of choice to image the central nervous system is a. CT b. MRI c. ultrasound d. PET

MRI

New growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread are considered a. benign b. neoplastic c. cachexia d. malignant

Malignant

A lung abscess is a(n) a. fungus settled in the lung parenchyma b. necrotic area containing purulent material c. encapsulated area containing water

Necrotic area containing purulent material

The major advantage of ultrasound is a. ability to image anatomy in cross-section b. only low energy gamma radiation is used to produce an image c. no adverse effects on human tissue d. ionizing radiation is used to produce an image

No adverse effects on human tissue

To best demonstrate a physiologic map, the modality of choice is a. nuclear medicine b. MRI c. CT d. ultrasound

Nuclear medicine

Molecular imaging advancements using a positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical is a. PET b. SPECT c. MRI d. CAT

PET

The serous membrane lining that adheres to the chest wall is the a. visceral pleura b. parietal viscera c. parietal pleura d. serous fibrous pleura

Parietal pleura

Which type of internal device is used for chemotherapy and long-term venous access? a. endotracheal tube b. Swan-Ganz catheter c. peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) d. central venous catheter

Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)

What result can occur when an endotracheal tube is positioned too high? a. Pneumomediastinum b. Aspiration pneumonia c. Pneumothorax d. Left lung atelectasis

Aspiration pneumonia

All pyogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing a. phagocytosis b. septicemia c. keloid tissue d. bacteremia

Bacteremia

Tumors closely resembling their cells of origin in structure and function are called a. cancerous b. dysplastic c. benign d. malignant

Benign

Which of the following was the first modality to provide sectional anatomy images with increased visibility to soft tissue structures? a. positron emission tomography b. conventional tomography c. magnetic resonance imaging d. computed tomography

Computed tomogrpahy

A gene always producing an effect regardless of whether the person is homozygous or heterozygous is named a. recessive b. autosomal recessive c. autosomal dominant d. dominant

Dominant

A polyp is a a. projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane b. malignant epithelial neoplasm c. benign cartilaginous tumor d. cancer

Projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane

To determine the most appropriate therapy, the disease process must be a. graded b. staged c. seeded d. phased

Staged

For what purpose is a chest radiograph obtained after endotrachial tube insertion? a. to ensure proper placement/position b. to check for pneumonia c. to check for puncture of the trachea d. all of these are reasons to obtain a chest radiograph after endotracheal tube

To ensure proper placement/position

Which contains active disease and carries the danger of breaking down and disseminating the disease? a. Pneumococcal nidus b. Granuloma c. Ghon lesion d. Tuberculoma

Tuberculoma

Rod-shaped bacteria that have a waxy coat permitting existence outside the host for long periods cause a. tuberculosis b. bronchopneumonia c. chronic bronchitis d. bacterial pneumonia

Tuberculosis

Croup is a(n) a. infection involving the pleural lining of the lung b. bronchial spasm narrowing of the bronchi c. trapping of air in the alveolar sacs d. viral infection of the subglottic region of the trachea

Viral infection of the subglottic region of the trachea