combined anthro quizzes
assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best is described as
ethnocentrism
The refinement of Darwin's theory has shown that
evolution can only be measured or seen across generations within a population
Collections in a museum are a completely reliable way to establish the ownership of an object.
false
Countries find it relatively easy to decide what language its citizens will speak.
false
Cultural anthropologists use just three methods true or false
false
In order to study culture one must travel to distant, far-off places.
false
In order to truly practice cultural relativism, one could never make a judgement on what is right and wrong.
false
In order to truly practice cultural relativism, one could never make a judgement on what is right and wrong. true or false
false
In science, a theory is an educated guess and is not well-accepted among the scientific community.
false
Languages always change very slowly, taking generations or even centuries.
false
Most anthropologists believe in a single unified theory of culture.
false
NAGPRA as a solution to grave goods and cultural object ownership applies in all countries that are UNESCO members.
false
NAGPRA as a solution to grave goods and cultural object ownership applies in all countries that are UNESCO members. true or false
false
The aesthetic dimension of an object is universally shared.
false
The aesthetic dimension of an object is universally shared. true or false
false
A form of non-portable material culture that a human has made and modified is called a/an____________.
feature
Shaking hands when you meet someone is an example of a
folkway
If you wanted to study patterns of kin relations in a community, which method would you use?
genealogical method
Which method would be best when doing a study on the genetic propensity for cancer in a given population?
genealogical method
Uniformitarianism is the idea that change occurs:
gradually and through the result of processes that are still observable today
On the north coast of Papua New Guinea, a religious cult leader name Barjani was remembered through which object?
his hat
Alfred Russell Wallace is known for:
hitting upon the idea of natural selection at about the same time as Darwin
For anthropologists the most important aspect of any object is
how it exists within a set of human social relationships
If Jakob Grimm, who developed what has come to be known as Grimm's law, were analyzing the historical relationships among the so-called dialects of Chinese (such as Cantonese and Mandarin), what data would he be looking for in his linguistic fieldwork?
how the speakers of each dialect pronounce different words with similar meanings in the several dialects
Which of the following is not one of the key benefits of full-time bipedalism?
increases speed against predators
The defining feature of historical particularism is
individual societies develop particular cultural traits and undergo a unique process of change
According Becoming Human (and Daniel Lieberman), the most compelling hypothesis for why bipedalism developed in early hominins is
it conserved energy
The name most closely associated with the system traditionally used to classify living things is:
linnaeus
Which skeletal feature is paleoanthropologists' best indicator of bipedalism in a fossil?
location of the foramen magnum
In some species of primates, females and their relatives and young are socially organized around
matrifocal units
"Owning" culture
means controlling symbols that give meaning
For much of its early history, physical anthropology was associated with what methodology?
measurement and classification of skulls according to racial characteristics
If you observed gradual changes in environmental temperature and, at the same time, observed that there were changes in the phenotype of a butterfly species over fifteen generations, which theory might best help explain what is going on?
natural selection
If you wanted to understand very early, non-living human beings, you would likely engage in
paleoanthropology
When anthropologists study the way people use language in real settings rather than as a set of grammatical rules, they are focusing on
parole
When language speakers use slang or metaphor, they are engaging in which concept suggested by French linguist Ferdinand de Saussure?
parole
Which type of interaction may include playing basketball, cooking, dining, or having coffee with informants?
participant observation
In archaeology, this is a division of prehistory based on gross changes in subsistence patterns, climatic changes, housing and burial styles, etc.
period
Reconnaissance work in archaeology is also known as:
phase I
The idea that embraces dynamic cultural processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represent
post-structuralism
Techniques that classify features of a phenomenon and count, measure, and construct statistical models are collecting and analyzing
quantitative data
Cultural anthropologists face an ethical responsibility in their work and so must disclose to informants
reasons for doing the research
The argument that modern H. sapiens appeared as a new species in Africa about 200,000 years ago is called the
recent African origin model
"Why Isn't the Sky Blue": According to the studies of Lazarus Geiger, what color term (after black and white) appears first and most often in ancient literature?
red
According to "Our Babies Ourselves", which of the following is NOT one of the "3 R's" of child rearing in Dutch society?
respect
According to "Our Babies Ourselves", which of the following is NOT one of the "3 R's" of child rearing in Dutch society? ( cleanliness, regularity, rest, respect)
respect
The Law of Superposition says that:
sedimentary layers are deposited in a time sequence with the oldest on the bottom and the youngest on the top.
In anthropology, holism refers to:
seeking to understand how all aspects of our species are related
Reading your textbook is an example of:
symbolic learning
Native American tribes using CRM differ from non-Indian agencies in how they view heritage management, because the latter almost always see heritage resources as
tangible things that can be studied scientifically
In order to be certain that a particular area holds promise for paleoanthropological research, what is first used to evaluate the site?
test pits
Gregor Mendel's findings about inheritance among pea plants stemmed from what key ability that he possessed?
the ability to observe closely
The idea that things have social lives refers to which of the following?
the fact that objects are deeply intertwined with people's lives
Just before World War II anthropologists Alfred Kroeber and Jane Richardson published one of the earliest analyses of a modern commodity, focusing in particular on women's skirts. If you were going to build on their study by examining basketball shorts and jerseys, which of the following would you collect data about?
the length of basketball shorts from one period to another
An evolutionary perspective would be most likely to explain colonialism as
the natural abilities of more civilized people to control less civilized people
In Mendelian genetics, a dominant allele is:
the one that is expressed phenotypically over other alleles
The power dimension of an object reveals the underlying nature of
the relationship between the source of the object and its holder
The emergence of increased cultural capacity in H. erectus can be seen in their changed diet, tools, and
the use of fire and cooking
Jonathan Marks notes that while we do have a 98% similarity in DNA to chimpanzees, this is not what it seems because between different human populations
there is considerable variation in both frequency and presence of alleles
How, in general, does Marvin Harris (a materialist) explain the biblical dietary laws?
they resulted from some practical, usually economic considerations
"Why Isn't the Sky Blue": What conclusion did Prime Minister William Gladstone make about how the Greeks saw color?
they were colorblind
The most enduring and ritualized aspects of culture are referred to as
traditions
A critical reason for taking field notes is that there may be a long lag time between fieldwork and writing and publishing about it.
true
Anthropologists like E. E. Evans-Pritchard and Renato Rosaldo do not see cultural anthropology as a science.
true
Gene flow is the movement of genetic material across different populations.
true
Gene flow is the movement of genetic material across different populations. true or false
true
Genetic drift can occur because of an intentional change in health policies in a particular country. true or false
true
Historical markers are generally something that conveys a limited range of meaning about an object, place, or event.
true
Most people are unaware of the structure of a language until someone speaking it makes a mistake. true or false
true
Neanderthals and modern humans share the same genus and species classification (Homo sapien).
true
The physical characteristics of any organism that can be seen are known as the phenotype.
true
The physical characteristics of any organism that can be seen are known as the phenotype. true or false
true
There is rarely any guessing involved in the development of theories because they are tested repeatedly. true or false
true
The comparative method
uses data from many different societies
An ethical approach to anthropological research would emphasize
- a commitment to doing no harm - the rejection of clandestine research - responsibilities toward the host country and the people you are studying
Cultural determinism is unproductive for cultural analysis because
- it denies the influence of factors like physical environment and biology on humans - it can justify atrocities - it explains all human action as the product of culture alone
Examples of social institutions are
- kinship - marriage - subsistence patterns (such as farming)
A century ago, studies of objects were largely studies of material culture and the technology available to people living in small-scale societies with simple technologies. The modern anthropological approach to objects has done which of the following?
-caused anthropologists to challenge whether these museum collections were representative of the technologies of the time or if they were biased -led anthropologists to recognize that objects change meaning over time -pushed anthropologists to take a critical approach to the motives of the collectors of these early museum collections
Which of the following is a feature of language?
-it is used to communicate -it is systematic -it consists of sounds organized into words according to some grammar
Among cultural anthropologists, fieldwork involves
-learning the local language -becoming involved in people's lives -spending a significant amount of time in the field
Anthropologists Alfred Kroeber and Jane Richardson made a detailed study of skirt length over the 300 years prior to World War II. Which of the following characterizes their conclusions?
-many aspects of women's dress styles changed during every period -although skirt length is generally shorter indecent decades than a century or more ago, skirt length is always changing -skirt length changed in regular cycles, getting shorter and then longer before becoming shorter again
Koko and Washo were two primates who had learned
American Sign Language
The nineteenth-century British anthropologist credited with the development of the concept of culture through an evolutionary perspective was
E. B Tylor
"Why Isn't the Sky Blue": Which society was the earliest to have a term for the color blue in the written literature?
Egyptians
"Evolution as Fact and Theory" uses all of the following are arguments to support evolution as fact EXCEPT:
Genetic evidence proving modern humans descended from chimpanzees
"Evolution as Fact and Theory" uses all of the following are arguments to support evolution as fact EXCEPT: - The abundant, direct observational evidence of evolution in action from the lab and field -The imperfection of nature reveals that evolution occurred as there are many examples of species that could have been better designed by an engineer -Transitional forms found in the fossil record -Genetic evidence proving modern humans descended from chimpanzees
Genetic evidence proving modern humans descended from chimpanzees
What was the fate of Kennewick Man?
He has been buried by members of the Columbia Basin Tribes
How would you describe Edward Tylor's evolutionary theories?
He studied the history of human society from simple to complex technology and social institutions (from so-called savagery to civilization).
Some of the early resistance to NAGPRA came from anthropologists and archaeologists because they felt that
Native American prehistory was part of human heritage
Which of the following is NOT one of the four major sub-fields of anthropology?
Paleontology
This assumes a close relationship between language and culture and claims that language defines people's experiences
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Who, along with Niles Eldredge, developed the theory of punctuated equilibrium?
Stephen Jay Gould
"Why Isn't the Sky Blue": What is the name of the British Prime Minister who was fascinated with the stories of Homer?
William gladstone
A key principle of the holistic perspective developed by Franz Boas is
a goal of synthesizing the entire context of human experience
Talking about sports as a battlefield is an example of
a metaphor
Chronometric dating techniques used by archaeologists help establish
a more specific age for a fossil or something organic
Linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as
a pidgin language
Research committed to making social change and improving the lives of marginalized people is called
action research
Who was Kennewick Man?
all the above: The name generally given to the skeletal remains of a prehistoric Paleoamerican man found on a bank of the Columbia River in Kennewick, Washington, The subject of a controversial nine-year court case between the United States Army Corps of Engineers, scientists, and Native American tribes who claimed ownership of the remains, One of the most complete set of skeletal remains ever found
Edward Sapir, who had been a student of Franz Boas's, saw himself as both a cultural anthropologist and a professionally trained linguist. He urged cultural anthropologists to pay close attention to language during field research because
all the above: language is a guide to "social reality", the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built from the language habits of a particular social group, we understand the material world through the language we speak
When anthropologists look at an object according to the dimension of history, they are referring to
all the above: where and by whom it was made, how the object was produced, how interpretations of the object have changed over time
Who taught Washoe (an ape) American Sign Language?
allen and beatriz gardener
who are the narcerima?
americans
Which of the following is the most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm?
anthropologists need to collect information from societies before they die out
In which of the following locations would you likely find an anthropologist doing fieldwork? - a factory - a mental institution - a new york city neighborhood - the amazon rain forest - any of the above
any of the above
The subfield of anthropology that studies the material remains of past cultures is called
archaeology
According to "Our Babies Ourselves", which of the following is NOT typical of child-rearing practices in the United States.
bed-sharing with child
According to "Our Babies Ourselves", which of the following is NOT typical of child-rearing practices in the United States. (bottle-feeding over breast feeding, bed-sharing with child, longer periods of crying to teach self-reliance, adult supervision of small children)
bed-sharing with child
The evolution of the tail among New World monkeys reflects an adaptation to their environment and would be of interest to a
behavioral ecologist
The Origin of the Species was written by:
charles darwin
Which of the following is NOT a concept key to the human culture as discussed in the lecture? (Culture is shared , Culture is shared, Culture is isolated, culture is transformative)
culture is isolated
According to the "Survival of the Fittest" video , what trait of the Rock Pocket Mouse was best adapted to survival on the lava flow?
dark fur
Which of the following is NOT studied by anthropologists? - dinosaur bones - primates - human culture - forensics
dinosaur bones
Being able to communicate about things not currently present in space and time is known as:
displacement