combined anthro quizzes

assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best is described as

ethnocentrism

The refinement of Darwin's theory has shown that

evolution can only be measured or seen across generations within a population

Collections in a museum are a completely reliable way to establish the ownership of an object.

false

Countries find it relatively easy to decide what language its citizens will speak.

false

Cultural anthropologists use just three methods true or false

false

In order to study culture one must travel to distant, far-off places.

false

In order to truly practice cultural relativism, one could never make a judgement on what is right and wrong.

false

In order to truly practice cultural relativism, one could never make a judgement on what is right and wrong. true or false

false

In science, a theory is an educated guess and is not well-accepted among the scientific community.

false

Languages always change very slowly, taking generations or even centuries.

false

Most anthropologists believe in a single unified theory of culture.

false

NAGPRA as a solution to grave goods and cultural object ownership applies in all countries that are UNESCO members.

false

NAGPRA as a solution to grave goods and cultural object ownership applies in all countries that are UNESCO members. true or false

false

The aesthetic dimension of an object is universally shared.

false

The aesthetic dimension of an object is universally shared. true or false

false

A form of non-portable material culture that a human has made and modified is called a/an____________.

feature

Shaking hands when you meet someone is an example of a

folkway

If you wanted to study patterns of kin relations in a community, which method would you use?

genealogical method

Which method would be best when doing a study on the genetic propensity for cancer in a given population?

genealogical method

Uniformitarianism is the idea that change occurs:

gradually and through the result of processes that are still observable today

On the north coast of Papua New Guinea, a religious cult leader name Barjani was remembered through which object?

his hat

Alfred Russell Wallace is known for:

hitting upon the idea of natural selection at about the same time as Darwin

For anthropologists the most important aspect of any object is

how it exists within a set of human social relationships

If Jakob Grimm, who developed what has come to be known as Grimm's law, were analyzing the historical relationships among the so-called dialects of Chinese (such as Cantonese and Mandarin), what data would he be looking for in his linguistic fieldwork?

how the speakers of each dialect pronounce different words with similar meanings in the several dialects

Which of the following is not one of the key benefits of full-time bipedalism?

increases speed against predators

The defining feature of historical particularism is

individual societies develop particular cultural traits and undergo a unique process of change

According Becoming Human (and Daniel Lieberman), the most compelling hypothesis for why bipedalism developed in early hominins is

it conserved energy

The name most closely associated with the system traditionally used to classify living things is:

linnaeus

Which skeletal feature is paleoanthropologists' best indicator of bipedalism in a fossil?

location of the foramen magnum

In some species of primates, females and their relatives and young are socially organized around

matrifocal units

"Owning" culture

means controlling symbols that give meaning

For much of its early history, physical anthropology was associated with what methodology?

measurement and classification of skulls according to racial characteristics

If you observed gradual changes in environmental temperature and, at the same time, observed that there were changes in the phenotype of a butterfly species over fifteen generations, which theory might best help explain what is going on?

natural selection

If you wanted to understand very early, non-living human beings, you would likely engage in

paleoanthropology

When anthropologists study the way people use language in real settings rather than as a set of grammatical rules, they are focusing on

parole

When language speakers use slang or metaphor, they are engaging in which concept suggested by French linguist Ferdinand de Saussure?

parole

Which type of interaction may include playing basketball, cooking, dining, or having coffee with informants?

participant observation

In archaeology, this is a division of prehistory based on gross changes in subsistence patterns, climatic changes, housing and burial styles, etc.

period

Reconnaissance work in archaeology is also known as:

phase I

The idea that embraces dynamic cultural processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represent

post-structuralism

Techniques that classify features of a phenomenon and count, measure, and construct statistical models are collecting and analyzing

quantitative data

Cultural anthropologists face an ethical responsibility in their work and so must disclose to informants

reasons for doing the research

The argument that modern H. sapiens appeared as a new species in Africa about 200,000 years ago is called the

recent African origin model

"Why Isn't the Sky Blue": According to the studies of Lazarus Geiger, what color term (after black and white) appears first and most often in ancient literature?

red

According to "Our Babies Ourselves", which of the following is NOT one of the "3 R's" of child rearing in Dutch society?

respect

According to "Our Babies Ourselves", which of the following is NOT one of the "3 R's" of child rearing in Dutch society? ( cleanliness, regularity, rest, respect)

respect

The Law of Superposition says that:

sedimentary layers are deposited in a time sequence with the oldest on the bottom and the youngest on the top.

In anthropology, holism refers to:

seeking to understand how all aspects of our species are related

Reading your textbook is an example of:

symbolic learning

Native American tribes using CRM differ from non-Indian agencies in how they view heritage management, because the latter almost always see heritage resources as

tangible things that can be studied scientifically

In order to be certain that a particular area holds promise for paleoanthropological research, what is first used to evaluate the site?

test pits

Gregor Mendel's findings about inheritance among pea plants stemmed from what key ability that he possessed?

the ability to observe closely

The idea that things have social lives refers to which of the following?

the fact that objects are deeply intertwined with people's lives

Just before World War II anthropologists Alfred Kroeber and Jane Richardson published one of the earliest analyses of a modern commodity, focusing in particular on women's skirts. If you were going to build on their study by examining basketball shorts and jerseys, which of the following would you collect data about?

the length of basketball shorts from one period to another

An evolutionary perspective would be most likely to explain colonialism as

the natural abilities of more civilized people to control less civilized people

In Mendelian genetics, a dominant allele is:

the one that is expressed phenotypically over other alleles

The power dimension of an object reveals the underlying nature of

the relationship between the source of the object and its holder

The emergence of increased cultural capacity in H. erectus can be seen in their changed diet, tools, and

the use of fire and cooking

Jonathan Marks notes that while we do have a 98% similarity in DNA to chimpanzees, this is not what it seems because between different human populations

there is considerable variation in both frequency and presence of alleles

How, in general, does Marvin Harris (a materialist) explain the biblical dietary laws?

they resulted from some practical, usually economic considerations

"Why Isn't the Sky Blue": What conclusion did Prime Minister William Gladstone make about how the Greeks saw color?

they were colorblind

The most enduring and ritualized aspects of culture are referred to as

traditions

A critical reason for taking field notes is that there may be a long lag time between fieldwork and writing and publishing about it.

true

Anthropologists like E. E. Evans-Pritchard and Renato Rosaldo do not see cultural anthropology as a science.

true

Gene flow is the movement of genetic material across different populations.

true

Gene flow is the movement of genetic material across different populations. true or false

true

Genetic drift can occur because of an intentional change in health policies in a particular country. true or false

true

Historical markers are generally something that conveys a limited range of meaning about an object, place, or event.

true

Most people are unaware of the structure of a language until someone speaking it makes a mistake. true or false

true

Neanderthals and modern humans share the same genus and species classification (Homo sapien).

true

The physical characteristics of any organism that can be seen are known as the phenotype.

true

The physical characteristics of any organism that can be seen are known as the phenotype. true or false

true

There is rarely any guessing involved in the development of theories because they are tested repeatedly. true or false

true

The comparative method

uses data from many different societies

An ethical approach to anthropological research would emphasize

- a commitment to doing no harm - the rejection of clandestine research - responsibilities toward the host country and the people you are studying

Cultural determinism is unproductive for cultural analysis because

- it denies the influence of factors like physical environment and biology on humans - it can justify atrocities - it explains all human action as the product of culture alone

Examples of social institutions are

- kinship - marriage - subsistence patterns (such as farming)

A century ago, studies of objects were largely studies of material culture and the technology available to people living in small-scale societies with simple technologies. The modern anthropological approach to objects has done which of the following?

-caused anthropologists to challenge whether these museum collections were representative of the technologies of the time or if they were biased -led anthropologists to recognize that objects change meaning over time -pushed anthropologists to take a critical approach to the motives of the collectors of these early museum collections

Which of the following is a feature of language?

-it is used to communicate -it is systematic -it consists of sounds organized into words according to some grammar

Among cultural anthropologists, fieldwork involves

-learning the local language -becoming involved in people's lives -spending a significant amount of time in the field

Anthropologists Alfred Kroeber and Jane Richardson made a detailed study of skirt length over the 300 years prior to World War II. Which of the following characterizes their conclusions?

-many aspects of women's dress styles changed during every period -although skirt length is generally shorter indecent decades than a century or more ago, skirt length is always changing -skirt length changed in regular cycles, getting shorter and then longer before becoming shorter again

Koko and Washo were two primates who had learned

American Sign Language

The nineteenth-century British anthropologist credited with the development of the concept of culture through an evolutionary perspective was

E. B Tylor

"Why Isn't the Sky Blue": Which society was the earliest to have a term for the color blue in the written literature?

Egyptians

"Evolution as Fact and Theory" uses all of the following are arguments to support evolution as fact EXCEPT:

Genetic evidence proving modern humans descended from chimpanzees

"Evolution as Fact and Theory" uses all of the following are arguments to support evolution as fact EXCEPT: - The abundant, direct observational evidence of evolution in action from the lab and field -The imperfection of nature reveals that evolution occurred as there are many examples of species that could have been better designed by an engineer -Transitional forms found in the fossil record -Genetic evidence proving modern humans descended from chimpanzees

Genetic evidence proving modern humans descended from chimpanzees

What was the fate of Kennewick Man?

He has been buried by members of the Columbia Basin Tribes

How would you describe Edward Tylor's evolutionary theories?

He studied the history of human society from simple to complex technology and social institutions (from so-called savagery to civilization).

Some of the early resistance to NAGPRA came from anthropologists and archaeologists because they felt that

Native American prehistory was part of human heritage

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major sub-fields of anthropology?

Paleontology

This assumes a close relationship between language and culture and claims that language defines people's experiences

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Who, along with Niles Eldredge, developed the theory of punctuated equilibrium?

Stephen Jay Gould

"Why Isn't the Sky Blue": What is the name of the British Prime Minister who was fascinated with the stories of Homer?

William gladstone

A key principle of the holistic perspective developed by Franz Boas is

a goal of synthesizing the entire context of human experience

Talking about sports as a battlefield is an example of

a metaphor

Chronometric dating techniques used by archaeologists help establish

a more specific age for a fossil or something organic

Linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as

a pidgin language

Research committed to making social change and improving the lives of marginalized people is called

action research

Who was Kennewick Man?

all the above: The name generally given to the skeletal remains of a prehistoric Paleoamerican man found on a bank of the Columbia River in Kennewick, Washington, The subject of a controversial nine-year court case between the United States Army Corps of Engineers, scientists, and Native American tribes who claimed ownership of the remains, One of the most complete set of skeletal remains ever found

Edward Sapir, who had been a student of Franz Boas's, saw himself as both a cultural anthropologist and a professionally trained linguist. He urged cultural anthropologists to pay close attention to language during field research because

all the above: language is a guide to "social reality", the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built from the language habits of a particular social group, we understand the material world through the language we speak

When anthropologists look at an object according to the dimension of history, they are referring to

all the above: where and by whom it was made, how the object was produced, how interpretations of the object have changed over time

Who taught Washoe (an ape) American Sign Language?

allen and beatriz gardener

who are the narcerima?

americans

Which of the following is the most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm?

anthropologists need to collect information from societies before they die out

In which of the following locations would you likely find an anthropologist doing fieldwork? - a factory - a mental institution - a new york city neighborhood - the amazon rain forest - any of the above

any of the above

The subfield of anthropology that studies the material remains of past cultures is called

archaeology

According to "Our Babies Ourselves", which of the following is NOT typical of child-rearing practices in the United States.

bed-sharing with child

According to "Our Babies Ourselves", which of the following is NOT typical of child-rearing practices in the United States. (bottle-feeding over breast feeding, bed-sharing with child, longer periods of crying to teach self-reliance, adult supervision of small children)

bed-sharing with child

The evolution of the tail among New World monkeys reflects an adaptation to their environment and would be of interest to a

behavioral ecologist

The Origin of the Species was written by:

charles darwin

Which of the following is NOT a concept key to the human culture as discussed in the lecture? (Culture is shared , Culture is shared, Culture is isolated, culture is transformative)

culture is isolated

According to the "Survival of the Fittest" video , what trait of the Rock Pocket Mouse was best adapted to survival on the lava flow?

dark fur

Which of the following is NOT studied by anthropologists? - dinosaur bones - primates - human culture - forensics

dinosaur bones

Being able to communicate about things not currently present in space and time is known as:

displacement