Combo with "Muscles MA&P" and 26 others

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Acetylcholine binds to its receptor in the sarcolemma and triggers _____. A. the opening of ligand-gated cation channels B. the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels. C. the opening of calcium-release channels D. the opening of ligand-gated anion channels.

Action potentials travel the length of the axons of motor neurons to the axon terminals. These motor neurons __________. A. extend from the brain or spinal cord to the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle fiber B. extend from the spinal cord to the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle fiber C. extend from the brain to the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle fiber D. arise in the epimysium of a skeletal muscle and extend to individual skeletal muscle fibers

Each of the elements that make us a skeletal muscle is surrounded by connective tissue. Which are correctly paired? A. fascicle:perimysium B. entire muscle: epimysium C. functional group of muscles:endomysium D. muscle fiber: deep fascia

Which letter represents the deltoid?

Which muscle is the prime mover of arm abduction? Select from letters A-D.

epithelial tissue

A continuous sheet of cells with continuous borders that line a surface

myosin

A contractile protein that makes up the thick filament. A myosin molecule consists of a tail and two myosin heads, which bind to myosin-binding sites on actin molecules of a thin filament during muscle contraction.

What is Ach?

- Acetycholine

What does "Ach" do?

- Ach defuses across the motor end plate.

Thin Filaments contain what?

- Actin

An increase in Calcium causes what?

- Contractions

What is Sarcoplasm?

- Cytoplasm of a muscle cell

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

- Endoplasmic Reticulum of a muscle cell - Network of sacules and tabules that regulate calcium concentration within sarcoplasm

What role does a polarized membrane play in muscle activity?

- It is charged, and a change of ion flow can cause action potentials to occur.

Thick Filaments contain what?

- Myosin

Filaments are arranged in compartments called what?

- Sarcomeres

What regulates calcium within sarcoplasm?

- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

A binding and pulling motion and then the reverse binding and pulling motion is called what?

- Sliding Filament Theory

What is the Synaptic Cleft?

- Small space or gap in the Neuromuscular junction, between motor neuron and muscle

what is an End Bulb?

- The end bulb contains synaptic vesicles (Contains the neuarotransmitter acetycholine, Ach)

Elastic Filaments contain what?

- Titin

What happens when Sodium is released from Muscle Cell Membrane?

- When Sodium is released from the Sarcolemma, the muscle contracts.

Each Sarcomere is separated by what?

- Z-line or Z-disc

An increase in calcium results in what?

- a binding and pulling action between actin and myosin of the thin and thick filaments

What are myofibrils?

- alternating light/dark bands of cross striations

What is a motor unit?

- consists of a single motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls

A decrease in calcium causes what?

- relaxation

A decrease in Calcium results in what?

- reversal of binding and pulling action

What is Myasthenia Gravis disease?

-A diesease in which the neurotransmitter found in motor neurons becomes less effective in communicating with the skeletal muscle cell.

Why is ATP required for muscle contraction

-ATP required to pull actin across myosin -ATP required to re-establish Na/K balance in cell

Why is ATP required for muscle relaxation?

-ATP required to restore Ca2+ into SR -ATP required to re-establish Na/K balance in cell

What is muscle Elasticity?

-Ability for muscle to return to its original state

What chemical initiates an action potential in the skeletal muscle? What receptor binds this chemical?

-AcH, Nicotinic receptor

The striations seen in certain muscle types are a result of what subcellular components?

-Actin and Myosin make striations

How do smooth muscles contract?

-Actin and myosin contract, the intermediate filaments shorten, pulling the dense bodies together and shrink the smooth muscle. (intermediate filaments not visible under light microscope)

Which filament moves and which remains in place?

-Actin is moving and Myosin is held in place by the M-band and Titin

What receptors can you find on the muscle cells?

-Adrenergic and Muscarinic

What are the consequences of Myasthenia Gravis?

-As AcH becomes less effective, less skeletal muscle contractions occur, weakening muscles.

Why is it critical that Titan decreases in length, but not nebulin?

-As the sarcomere decreases in length the Z disk moves closer to the M-line, Titin must contract or it would not allow this to occur

How are cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle similar? Dissimilar?

-Both are striated -Skeletal is voluntary, stable membrane, Nicotinic receptors -Cardiac is involuntary, leaky membrane, muscarinic and adrenergic receptors

What does Calcium bind to and how does this affect potential muscle contraction?

-Ca2+ binds to tropinin which removes tropomyosin from actin and allows myosin heads to bind to active sites -The more Ca2+ the stronger the contractions

What role does calcium play in muscle contraction if there is no change in the total calcium?

-Calcium flows from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm and back (SR) -Very little Ca2+ comes from outside source

How do creatine and myoglobin help maintain proper ATP production in skeletal muscles?

-Creatine is converted to creatine phosphate during excess ATP production. When demand is placed on the muscle, the creatine phosphate donates (P) to ADP to make ATP. (No mitochondrial activity) -Myoglobin is an oxygen storage protein in skeletal muscle. When oxygen levels in cell drop, myoglobin releases its oxygen.

What role do intercalated discs (cardiac muscles) have in function?

-Desmosomes hold cardiac cells together -Gap junctions allow for rapid transfer of information between cardiac cells

The tendon consists of what?

-Epimysium, Perimysium and Endomysium

A sprinter would want to have an abundance of which muscle fibers and why?

-Fast-glycolytic fibers -These fibers generate powerful contractions (needed for sprinting), have very few myoglobin but lots of glycogen which break down sugar rapidly for quick spirts of energy

A basketball player would want to have an abundance of which muscle fibers and why?

-Fast-oxidative-glycolytic fibers -These fibers have large amounts of myoglobin, faster twitch, and a good resistance to fatigue. They are needed in running

How does a wave summation play a role in muscle contraction?

-more action potentials in a row and small unit of time causes the action potentials to sum up and cause more calcium to be released

A perfect marathon runner want to have an abundance of which muscle fibers and why?

-slow-oxidative fibers -these fibers have a long duration of action, high fatigue resistance and large amounts of myoglobin

30. Implantation of the blastocyst in the uterine wall is complete by day ____ after ovulation?

At what stimulus frequency was maximal tetanic tension developed?

146 stimuli/sec

How many steps are in Muscle relaxation?

The trachea divides into ___ bronchi that lead to the lungs.

What is the second step in Muscle Relaxation?

2. Calcium Pumps remove calcium form sarcoplasm (active transport) > reduction in calcium in sarcoplasm reverses binding and pulling action of actin and myosin of the thick and thin filaments causing the muscle to contract.

Large powerful movements

2000-3000 fibers per 1 nerve

Tibia-calcaneus joint: humerus ulna joint: atlanto-occipital joint

2nd, 3rd, 1st class levers

In the lab, a researcher finds that the threshold stimulus to induce an action potential in a muscle fiber's sarcolemma was 3.0 volts. Which of the following would result in muscle tension?

3.0 volts and 4.0 volts

A skeletal muscle fiber can contract until it has shortened by about

30%

Aerobic Cellular Respiration produces

36 ATP for 1 Glucose

If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF?

3rd class

47. How many heart valves are there?

After age ________ the vertebral column continues to elongate, but the spinal cord itself does not.

The muscular system of humans contributes approximately what percentage to the adult body weight?

44%

The origin of the serratus anterior includes __________ ribs.

Without lateral rotation of the humerus by the teres minor and infraspinatus muscles, the maximum angle of abduction by the deltoid would be __________.

90 deg

Without lateral rotation of the humerus by the teres minor and infraspinatus muscles, the maximum angle of abduction by the deltoid would be __________. 180 degrees 30 degrees 75 degrees 90 degrees

90 degrees

Without lateral rotation of the humerus by the teres minor and infraspinatus muscles, the maximum angle of abduction by the deltoid would be __________. 180 degrees 30 degrees 75 degrees 90 degrees

90 degrees

desmosomes

: Also ( like adherins junctions) join cells together by transmembrane proteins called cadherins. Attach to the cytoskeleton via intermediate filaments called keratins. Very common in the skin and in cardiac muscle cells.

gap junctions

: these are the junctions involved in cell/cell communication. Form structures called connexons. These are made up of proteins called connexins. They change conformation to open and close a central pore. Allow for transport of substance s such as ions.

Prime Mover/ Agonist

The major Actor--contraction occurs at this muscle

The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. What does the term levator mean?

The muscle elevates and/or adducts a region.

Which of the following describes the relationship between stimulus frequency and muscle tension?

When stimulus frequency increases, muscle tension increases to a maximum value.

Which of the following is not used as a criterion for naming muscles?

Whether the muscle is controlled by the involuntary or voluntary nervous system.

The cross bridge cycle is a series of molecular events that occur after excitation of the sarcolemma. What is a cross bridge?

A myosin head bound to actin

118. Taste (gustatory) area:

A. Insula

112. Auditory Area:

A. Temporal Lobe

170. During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites?

A. actin filaments

157. What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?

A. an agonist

131. The part of the neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called an:

A. axon

86. The olfactory epithelium_______:

A. contains olfactory receptor cells

144. Which of the choices below is the major muscle for breathing?:

A. diaphragm

87. Taste receptor cells are also called_____:

A. gustatory cells

106. Farsightedness is more properly called ______:

A. hyperopia

137. The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the medulla _______.:

A. medulla

136. The brain stem consists of the _______.:

A. midbrain, medulla, pons

129. Which of the choices below describes the ANS?

A. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

169. Rigor mortis occurs because _______.:

A. no ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules

white fast twitch fibers

Which type of muscle fiber has a large quantity of glycogen and mainly uses glycolysis to synthesize ATP?

What effect do you think lowering the PCO2 will have on [H+] and [HCO3-] in the urine?

[H+] will increase and [HCO3-] will decrease.

thick

_______ filaments are composed of myosin.

twitch

a _______ is recorded when a stimulus that results in contraction (force) of a single muscle fiber is measured over a very brief millisecond time frame.

The giant protein titin maintains the organization of the ________ assisting in muscle stretching. I band A band M line Z disc

a band

Many medications introduced into the bloodstream cannot directly affect the neurons of the CNS because the astrocytes isolate the CNS by forming

a blood-brain barrier

Muscle astrophy

a characterized by a decrease in muscle size

ganglion

a cluster of neurons in the peripheral nervous system

actin

a contractile protein that is the main component of the thin filament. On each actin molecule is a myosin-binding site where a myosin head of a thick filament bind during muscle contraction

Which type of lever is demonstrated by using scissors?

a first-class lever

Which type of lever is demonstrated by using scissors? a first-class lever a second-class lever a third-class lever a fourth-class lever

a first-class lever

Which type of lever is demonstrated by using scissors? a first-class lever a second-class lever a third-class lever a fourth-class lever

a first-class lever

Three discrete types of muscle fibers are identified on the basis of their size, speed, and endurance. Which of the following athletic endeavors best represents the use of red fibers?

a long, relaxing swim

A single motor neuron together with all the muscle fibers it innervates is called

a motor unit

121. The surface of the cerebral hemispheres consists of ridges and grooves.The shallow grooves are called ______.:

A. sulci

143. A muscle group that works with and assists the action of a prime mover is a ________.:

A. synergist

109. The blind spot of the eye is where______.:

A. the optic nerve leaves the eye

153. Muscles are named based on all the criteria below except ______.:

A. weight of the muscle

Nerve impulses trigger the release of

ACh and it diffuses across the synaptic cleft

Chemically gated channels include receptors that bind

ACh at the neuromuscular junction

sarcolemma

ACh receptors are found mainly in the __________.

Which of the following muscles compresses the abdomen? internal oblique external oblique transverse abdominis rectus abdominis

ALL

Which of these muscles is a member of the quadriceps group? vastus intermedius vastus lateralis rectus femoris vastus medialis

ALL

Sliding Filament Mechanism occurs with (2 things)

ATP and Ca ions

After a power stroke, the myosin head must detach from actin before another power stroke can occur. What causes cross bridge detachment?

ATP binds to the myosin head

What muscle covers the back and scapula?

AThe pectoralis major

Thumb Abduction

Abductor Pollicis Brevis, Abductor Pollicis Longus

Acetylcholine is degraded by acetylcholinesterase.

The neuromuscular junction is a well-studied example of a chemical synapse. Which of the following statements describes a critical event that occurs at the neuromuscular junction?

Acetylcholine is released by axon terminals of the motor neuron.

chemically gated Na+-K+ channels

Acetylcholine receptors are best characterized as what type of channel?

The ACh in the synaptic cleft is broken down by

Acetylcholinesterase

Ach is broken down by what?

AchE - Acetylcholinesterase

Portion of fibers depend on

Action of Muscle

Step 2 of NMJ

Activation of ACh receptors

What movement across a cell membrane is Muscle relaxation completing?

Active transport

O2 debt

Added O2 needed over O2 consumed at rest

Thumb Adduction

Adductor Pollicis

Thumb Reposition

Adductor Pollicis, Extensor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Adherens Junctions

Adherens junctions (ad-HER-ens) contain plaque, a dense layer of proteins on the inside of the plasma membrane that attaches both to membrane proteins and to microfilaments of the cytoskeleton (Figure 4-1b). Transmembrane glycoproteins called cadherins join the cells. Each cadherin inserts into the plaque from the opposite side of the plasma membrane, partially crosses the intercellular space (the space between the cells), and connects to cadherins of an adjacent cell. In epithelial cells, adherens junctions often form extensive zones called adhesion belts because they encircle the cell similar to the way a belt encircles your waist. Adherens junctions help epithelial surfaces resist separation during various contractile activities, as when food moves through the intestines.

________ are the muscles primarily responsible for producing a particular movement.

Agonists

________ are the muscles primarily responsible for producing a particular movement. Agonists Synergists Fixators Antagonists

Agonists

________ are the muscles primarily responsible for producing a particular movement. Agonists Synergists Fixators Antagonists

Agonists

__________ are muscles that serve as the primary promoters of a movement.

Agonists

The response of a motor unit to a single action potential of its motor neuron is called ________. a muscle twitch a tetanic contraction wave summation recruitment

a muscle twitch

Motor Neuron

a nerve that stimulates a muscle

Treppe is the phenomenon that results in _______.

a progressive increase in the force generated with repetitive stimulation

tropomyosin

a regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When a skeletal muscle fiber is relaxed, it covers the myosin -binding sites on actin molecules, thereby preventing myosin from binding to actin

troponin

a regulatory protein that is a component of the thin filament. When calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to it, it undergoes a change in shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin-binding sites on actin molecules, and muscle contraction subsequently begins as myosin binds to actin.

What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle called? a myofibril a myofilament a sarcomere the sarcoplasmic reticulum

a sarcomere

Muscle tone is ________. the condition of athletes after intensive training the feeling of well-being following exercise the ability of a muscle to efficiently cause skeletal movements a state of sustained partial contraction

a state of sustained partial contraction

a-actinin

a structural protein of the Z discs that attaches to actin molecules of thin filaments and to titin molecules

titin

a structural protein that connects a Z disc to the M line of the sarcomere, thereby helping to stabilize the positions of the thick filament. Because it can stretch and then spring back unharmed, it accounts for much of the elasticity and extensibility of myofibrils

myomesin

a structural protein that forms the M line of the sarcomere; it binds to titin molecules and connects adjacent thick filaments to one another

dystrophin

a structural protein that links the thin filaments of the sarcomere to intergral membrane proteins in the sarcolemma, which are attached in turn to proteins in the connective tissue matrix that surrounds muscle fibers. it is thought that it helps reinforce the sarcolemma and that it helps transmit tension generated by sarcomeres to tendons.

nebulin

a structural protein that wraps around the entire length of each thin filament; it helps anchor the thin filaments to the Z disc and regulates the length of the thin filaments during development

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts?

a synergist

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts? a synergist an antagonist an agonist a prime mover

a synergist

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts? a prime mover an antagonist an agonist a synergist

a synergist

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts? a prime mover an antagonist an agonist a synergist

a synergist

__________ are muscles that serve as the primary promoters of a movement. a) Agonists b) Antagonists c) Fixators d) Synergists

a) Agonists

Which generalization concerning movement by skeletal muscles is not true? a) During contraction the two articulating bones move equally. b) The movements produced may be of graded intensity. c) The bones serve as levers. d) Muscles produce movement by pulling on bones.

a) During contraction the two articulating bones move equally.

Which is correctly matched? a) Rectus: straight b) Brevis: long c) Deltoid: right angle d) Transverse: parallel

a) Rectus: straight

When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle? a) The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively. b) The muscle has two, three, or four functions, respectively. c) The muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscles, respectively. d) The muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively.

a) The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.

Know the method of classification of epithelia

a) no of layers - simple, stratified,b) shape of squamous, cuboidal, columnar ,c) the exceptions - pseudostratified and transitional. the outermost layer of cells

Which of the following muscles is named for its origin and insertion? a) sternocleidomastoid b) gluteus maximus c) deltoid d) trapezius

a) sternocleidomastoid

A muscle group that works with and assists the action of a prime mover is a(n) ________. a) synergist b) protagonist c) fixator d) antagonist

a) synergist

The teres major adducts the arm but does not __________ the arm.

abduct

The teres major adducts the arm but does not __________ the arm. extend abduct medially rotate or extend medially rotates

abduct

The teres major adducts the arm but does not __________ the arm. extend abduct medially rotate or extend medially rotates

abduct

The middle fibers of the deltoid muscle __________.

abduct the arm

Movement of the shoulder laterally away from the body is called __________.

abduction

Movement of the shoulder laterally away from the body is called __________. abduction extension adduction flexion

abduction

Movement of the shoulder laterally away from the body is called __________. abduction extension adduction flexion

abduction

The tensor fascia latae is involved in hip __________.

abduction

movements of arm at shoulder

abduction adduction

movements of thigh at hip

abduction adduction

Muscle by the pibnky

abductor digis minimi

Big meaty muscle by the thumb is called?

abductor pollicis brevis

has a transverse head and an oblique head

abductor pollicis brevis

Which of the following is fond in the posterior group of forarm muscles?

abductor pollicis longus

The cytoplasm of the neuromuscular synaptic terminal contains vesicles filled with molecules of the neurotransmitter

acetylcholine.

After nervous stimulation stops, what prevents ACh in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction? acetylcholinesterase destroying the ACh the action potential stops going down the overloaded T tubules the tropomyosin blocking the myosin once full contraction is achieved calcium ions returning to the terminal cisternae

acetylcholinesterase destroying the ACh

ACh is broken down by

acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft

The location of the rotator cuff muscles in relation to the glenohumoral joint minimizes the upward pressure against the __________ of the scapula.

acromion

The location of the rotator cuff muscles in relation to the glenohumoral joint minimizes the upward pressure against the __________.

acromion

The location of the rotator cuff muscles in relation to the glenohumoral joint minimizes the upward pressure against the __________.

acromion of the scapula

The location of the rotator cuff muscles in relation to the glenohumoral joint minimizes the upward pressure against the __________. humerus clavicle coracoid process of the scapula acromion of the scapula

acromion of the scapula

36. All exchanges between mother and embryo occur________:

across the chorionic membranes

The primary function of the pectoral girdle is to __________.

act as an attachment site for muscles that move the arm

The primary function of the pectoral girdle is to __________. provide the only connection between the humerus and the scapula provide the only connection between the arm and the axial skeleton act as an attachment point for the rotator cuff muscles act as an attachment site for muscles that move the arm

act as an attachment site for muscles that move the arm

This contractile protein forms the thin filaments.

actin

This contractile protein forms thin filaments.

actin

The sliding filament model of contraction involves ________. the shortening of thick filaments so that thin filaments slide past actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlapping the Z discs sliding over the myofilaments actin and myosin lengthening in order to slide past each other

actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlapping

The movement produced by a muscle is called its __________.

action

What event most directly triggers the release of calcium from the terminal cisternae? action potential propagating down the T tubule action potential propagating toward the axon terminal movement of tropomyosin away from the active sites on actin cross bridge formation between the thick and thin filaments

action potential propagating down the T tubule

FG activation

activated with strength training--string short term use

Which of the following is not a role of ionic calcium in muscle contraction? removes contraction inhibitor binds with troponin triggers neurotransmitter secretion activates epinephrine released from adrenal gland

activates epinephrine released from adrenal gland

Which of the following is generated when cross-bridges form between actin and myosin?

active force

Determine during which phase of the contraction cycle the calcium ions bind to troponin.

active-site exposure

One of the actions of the latissimus dorsi muscle is to __________.

adduct the arm

One of the actions of the latissimus dorsi muscle is to __________. flex the arm adduct the arm lateral rotation of the arm abduct the arm

adduct the arm

One of the actions of the latissimus dorsi muscle is to __________. flex the arm adduct the arm lateral rotation of the arm abduct the arm

adduct the arm

Damage to the pectoralis major would interfere with a person's ability to

adduct the humerus

A reduction in the lateral angle of the glenohumeral joint in relation to the anatomical position would be called __________.

adduction

A reduction in the lateral angle of the glenohumeral joint in relation to the anatomical position would be called __________. abduction adduction extension flexion

adduction

A reduction in the lateral angle of the glenohumeral joint in relation to the anatomical position would be called __________. abduction adduction extension flexion

adduction

abducts the 5th digit

adductor digiti minimi

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh?

adductor magnus

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh? tibialis posterior adductor magnus gluteus maximus vastus lateralis

adductor magnus

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh? tibialis posterior adductor magnus gluteus maximus vastus lateralis

adductor magnus

The medial muscles of the hip joint that insert on the linea aspera are the __________.

adductor magnus, adductor brevis, and adductor longus

Little muscle by the thumb

adductor pollicis

abducts the thumb

adductor pollicis

The flexor carpi ulnaris __________.

adducts the wrist

Which pathway for regenerating ATP provides the majority of the energy used for muscle activity during 30 minutes of light to moderate exercise? direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate anaerobic glycolysis use of stored ATP aerobic respiration

aerobic respiration

aerobic respiration produces how many ATP per molecule of glucose.

you have lost the sensation, but not movement, in one of your hands due to a problem with your neurons. Based on these symptoms, what type of neuron was most likely affected?

afferent neuron

Which class of muscle has the major responsibility for a specific movement?

agonist

Which muscle term indicates a muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement?

agonist

muscle that is primarily responsible for bringing about a particular movement

agonist

Which functional group has the major responsibility for producing a specific movement?

agonists

Which functional group has the major responsibility for producing a specific movement? agonists fixators synergists antagonists

agonists

________ are the muscles primarily responsible for producing a particular movement. Synergists Fixators Agonists Antagonists

agonists

producing a specific movement? Which functional group has the major responsibility for producing a specific movement? fixators synergists agonists antagonists

agonists

What do the geniohyoid, hyoglossus, and stylohyoid muscles have in common? All names reflect direction of muscle fibers. All names indicate the relative size of the muscle. All act on the tongue. Each acts synergistically to elevate the jaw.

All act on the tongue.

producing a specific movement? Which functional group has the major responsibility for producing a specific movement? fixators synergists agonists antagonists

agonists

Rotator cuff muscles

all functions to rotate the shoulder

Which of the following is a recognized function of skeletal muscle? maintain posture guard body entrances and exits produce movement maintain body temperatur

all of the above

Muscle Action Potential travels

along Sarcolemma--> through T tubule

tight junctions

also called zonula occludens found in epithelia impermeable to large molecules form a collar around each cell,preventing passage of substance between cells,where you would not want leakage across an epithelial cell layer. For example: leakage of urine through the epithelium of the bladder, consist of weblike strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse the outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membranes together to seal off passageways between adjacent cells.

Small groups of motor units are

alternately Active and inactive

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?

an agonist

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called? an antagonist a fixator an agonist a synergist

an agonist

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called? a synergist a fixator an agonist an antagonist

an agonist

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called? a synergist a fixator an agonist an antagonist

an agonist

Once fertilization has occurred, the activities of development begin. The first activity is ___

an increase in cell number

Which of the following is not true of the deep fascia of the leg?

an insertion for the majority of lower leg muscles

The smallest of the posterior extensors of the elbow joint is the __________.

anconeus

Which muscle of the forearm is not an elbow flexor?

anconeus

The origin of the Sartorius muscle is from the __________ spine.

ant sup illiac spine

A muscle that opposes the action of another muscle is called its __________.

antagonist

A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________.

antagonist

A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________. antagonist agonist synergist fixator

antagonist

A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________. antagonist agonist synergist fixator

antagonist

Muscle that opposes and reverses the action of another muscle

antagonist

muscle that opposes and reverses the action of another muscle

antagonist

the muscle with the opposite effect

antagonist

The vastus lateralis is found in which muscle compartment?

Which spinal cord structure contains somatic motor nuclei?

anterior gray horn

The origin of the rectus femoris is the ____________.

anterior inferior iliac spine

The origin of the Sartorius muscle is from the __________ spine.

anterior superior iliac

The origin of the Sartorius muscle is from the __________ spine. posterior inferior iliac posterior superior iliac anterior superior iliac anterior inferior iliac

anterior superior iliac

The origin of the Sartorius muscle is from the __________ spine. posterior inferior iliac posterior superior iliac anterior superior iliac anterior inferior iliac

anterior superior iliac

Nerve tracts or fasciculi make up the

anterior white columns

The deltoid muscle fibers are separated into __________.

anterior, middle, and posterior

At the completion of supinator action, the palm is turned __________.

anteriorly

Which of the following is not a connective tissue sheath that wraps individual muscle fibers? aponeurosis perimysium endomysium epimysium

aponeurosis

muscle cells...

are long, can have many nuclei, and can have striations

Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are similar in that they both

are under involuntary control

Neuromuscular Junction

area between axon terminal of motor neuron & motor end plate of muscle fiber

these support cells are found in the CNS

astrocytes and ependymal cells

The pronator quadratus muscle is located

at the distal radioulnar joint

At its insertion (unlike at its origin), the buccinator muscle

attaches to fibers of another facial muscle

At its insertion (unlike at its origin), the buccinator muscle __________.

attaches to fibers of another facial muscle

At its insertion (unlike at its origin), the buccinator muscle __________. attaches to fibers of another facial muscle attaches to a prominent point on the mandible attaches at two distinct sites on the bone converges on a single process of the mandible

attaches to fibers of another facial muscle

The pupillary light reflex is an example of a(n) __.

autonomic reflex

The axon is connected to the cell body at the

axon hillock

The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains

axons of sensory neurons

Which is correctly matched? a) Deltoid: right angle b) Rectus: straight c) Transverse: parallel d) Brevis: long

b) Rectus: straight

Which of the following describes fascicle arrangement in a pennate muscle? a) The fascicles are in a fusiform arrangement. b) The fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of a muscle. c) The fascicular pattern is circular. d) The fascicles form a triangle.

b) The fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of a muscle.

Where are most of the muscles that move the hand located? a) wrist b) forearm c) fingers d) palm of the hand

b) forearm

First-class levers ________. a) are typified by tweezers or forceps b) in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location c) are the type found in the joints forming the ball of the foot as used in raising the body on the toes d) have load at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other, and effort applied somewhere in the middle

b) in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location

Which of the following muscles is named for its action? a) frontalis b) levator labii superioris c) sartorius d) gluteus minimus

b) levator labii superioris

If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the ________. a) lever system is useless b) load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum c) load is near the fulcrum and the effort is at the distal end d) effort is farther than the load from the fulcrum

b) load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum

In a pennate muscle pattern ________. a) there is a narrow origin diverging to a broad insertion b) muscles look like a feather c) muscles appear to be straplike d) there is a broad origin and fascicles converge toward a single tendon

b) muscles look like a feather

124. The thalamus and the hypothalamus are structures found in the ______.:

B. diencephalon

107. Seventy percent of all sensory receptors are located in the:

B. eye

122. The central sulcus of each cerebral hemisphere separates the ______.:

B. frontal and parietal lobes

133. Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________:

B. ganglia

160. During vigorous exercise, there may be insufficient oxygen available to completely break down pyruvic acid for energy. As a result, the pyruvic acid is converted to ______:

B. lactic acid

164. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for muscle contractions?

B. motor neuron action potential (I didn't write them all, but this is the first one)

148. A neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates is called a ______:

B. motor unit

168. The contractile units of skeletal muscles are ______.:

B. myofibrils

167. The oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells is_____:

B. myoglobin

150. These nervous system cells are highly specialized to transmit messages throughout the body:

B. neurons

135. The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called an_______.:

B. neurotransmitter

123. In which lobe of the brain is the primary visual cortex located?:

B. occipital

108. Motion Sickness seems to_______:

C. result from mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs

166. What is the functional unit of skeletal muscle called?

C. sarcomere

163. Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except ______:

C. secretion

88. Acids primarily activate receptors that respond to _____ tastes:

C. sour

161. What is the most distinguishing characteristic of muscle tissue?

C. the ability to transform chemical energy into mechanical energy

141. The hypothalamus _______.:

D. is the thermostat of the body since it regulates temperature

110. Tinnitis, vertigo, and gradual hearing loss typify the disorder called ______.:

D. meniere's syndrome

142. Which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?

D. red blood cells

145. The actual contractile units of muscles extend from Z disc to Z disc. They are _______.:

D. sarcomeres

140. A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ______.:

D. sulcus

132. An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the _______.:

D. synapse

Limiting factors include 2

Depletion of Creatine Phosphate

Limiting factors include 4

Depletion of Glycogen and Nutrients

Finger Abduction

Dorsal Interossei, Abductor Digiti Minimi

gene

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin _____. Without a normal copy of DNA for transcription, there can never be a normal protein translated.

Which generalization concerning movement by skeletal muscles is not true?

During contraction the two articulating bones move equally.

Which generalization concerning movement by skeletal muscles is not true? The bones serve as levers. Muscles produce movement by pulling on bones. During contraction the two articulating bones move equally. The movements produced may be of graded intensity.

During contraction the two articulating bones move equally.

Which generalization concerning movement by skeletal muscles is not true? Muscles produce movement by pulling on bones. During contraction the two articulating bones move equally. The movements produced may be of graded intensity. The bones serve as levers.

During contraction the two articulating bones move equally.

Which of the following is true of the maximum stimulus frequency?

No greater muscle force can be generated and the muscle has reached maximal tetanic tension.

Can the renal system FULLY compensate for acidosis and/or alkalosis?

No, neither for respiratory alkalosis or respiratory acidosis.

Which of the following statements about muscles of the elbow joint is true?

None of these statements is correct.

Identify the statement concerning general functional characteristics of muscle that is true

None of these statements is true

muscle fibers get O2 2 ways

O2 that diffuses into muscles from blood & released by myoglobin in sarcoplasm

Opposition (5th)

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Thumb Opposition

Opponens Pollicis

Limiting factors include 3

Oxygen too low

Finger Adduction

Palmar Interossei

Hip Adduction

Pectineus. Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Magnus, Gracilis

This formed element is essential for blood clotting.

Platlets

Head Flexion

Prevertebral Group

Muscle that does most of the movement

Prime mover

What muscle lays acros the forearm that is the shortest muscle?

Pronator teres

53. What is the name of the circuit that supplies blood to the brain, heart and gastrointestinal tract.

Systemic circulation

Deep muscles of the thorax promote movements for breathing.

Electromyography is the recording and interpretation of graphic records of the electrical activity of contracting muscles.

Most superficial thorax muscles are extrinsic shoulder muscles.

Muscles are only able to pull, they never push.

Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators.

Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage.

The major head flexors are the sternocleidomastoid muscles, with the help of the muscles attached to the hyoid bone.

The muscles of facial expression insert into skin or other muscles, not bones.

calcaneal tendon is the largest, strongest in the body

the broadest muscle of the back is the lat dorse

This indentation of the sarcolemma carries electrical signals deep into the muscle cells.

T tubule

true

TRUE or FALSE: a muscle fiber must fully contract. It cannot partially contract.

true

TRUE or FALSE: high precision muscles (voice box, eye, fingers) have fewer muscle fibers per neuron.

true

TRUE or FALSE: muscle glycogen is only for muscle. It can't be taken from muscle when you're starving.

true

TRUE or FALSE: the majority of energy (60%) given off by muscle is released as heat

true

TRUE or FALSE: when a single motor unit is recruited to contract, all the muscle fibers in that motor unit must all contract at the same time.

Isometric Contraction

Tension not great enough to over come Objects resistance & Muscle doesnt change length

Hip Combo Flexion/ABduction

Tensor Fascia Latae

Which muscle is not part of the rotator cuff?

Teres major

terminal cisternae

The ________ ________ are the enlarged ends of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Which of the following describes the relationship between length and tension?

The active force can increase or decrease, depending on the starting resting length of the muscle.

Puffer fish poison blocks voltage-gated sodium channels like a cork. What effect would this neurotoxin have on the function of neurons?

The axon would be unable to generate action potentials.

What was the effect of returning to normal breathing after hyperventilation?

The breathing stopped temporarily to retain CO2.

The nurse encourages the patient to do his own activities of daily living such as bathing, eating, dressing, and toileting activities. How do these activities promote physical conditioning? The contraction of the muscles in these activities reverses sarcopenia and rebuilds muscle mass. The contraction of the muscles in these activities helps maintain the shape, size, and strength of muscles, as well as joint mobility. It does not. Only weight-bearing exercises maintain the shape, size and strength of muscles. The contraction of the muscles in these activities reverses myotonic dystrophy and rebuilds muscle mass.

The contraction of the muscles in these activities helps maintain the shape, size, and strength of muscles, as well as joint mobility.

How does the myosin head obtain the energy required for activation?

The energy comes from the hydrolysis of ATP.

Which of the following describes fascicle arrangement in a pennate muscle?

The fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of a muscle.

On average, the resting membrane potential is -70 mV. What does the sign and magnitude of this value tell you?

The inside surface of the plasma membrane is much more negatively charged than the outside surface.

Sodium and potassium ions do not diffuse in equal numbers through ligand-gated cation channels. Why?

The inside surface of the sarcolemma is negatively charged compared to the outside surface. Sodium ions diffuse inward along favorable chemical and electrical gradients.

What muscle is the wide and thick part of the back?

The latissimus dorsi

Which of the following occurs during isotonic concentric contraction?

The length of the muscle decreases with contraction.

Which statement regarding third-class levers is false?

The load is located between the applied force and the fulcrum.

Which starting length of the muscle provided the maximum total force?

the longest starting length

Insertion

the most mobile end--usually more distal

action =

the motion or function of the muscle

Ventilation is ____.

the movement of air into and out of the lungs.

When wave summation occurs, _______.

the muscle force generated increases

Concentric is contractions that occur when

the muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens

Which of the following is proportional to the amount of tension produced by a skeletal muscle?

the number of motor units activated

Acetylcholine binds to its receptor in the sarcolemma and triggers __________.

the opening of ligand-gated cation channels

The graph of the length-tension relationship illustrates _______.

the optimal sarcomere length for muscle contraction and the amount of overlap between the thick and thin filaments in the resting muscle

The posterior surface of the tibial shaft is __________.

the origin of the flexor digitorum longus

ionic; SR

the physiological inability to contract can be caused by _____ imbalances and damages to the _____.

The stimulus voltage used was ____.

the same for all axons.

The smallest contractile unit of a muscle fiber is ________. the myofilament troponin the sarcomere the elastic filament

the sarcomere

Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other while in a sitting position?

the sartorius

Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other while in a sitting position? the quadriceps femoris the gastrocnemius all of the hamstrings the sartorius

the sartorius

Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other while in a sitting position? the quadriceps femoris the gastrocnemius all of the hamstrings the sartorius

the sartorius

Which group of muscles flexes and rotates the neck?

the scalenes

Which group of muscles flexes and rotates the neck? the scalenes the spinalis the splenius the iliocostalis

the scalenes

Which group of muscles flexes and rotates the neck? the scalenes the spinalis the splenius the iliocostalis

the scalenes

_____ have their origin on the transverse and costal processes of cervical vertebrae.

the scalenes

Which joint is considered the most flexible joint in the body?

the shoulder joint

Which joint is considered the most flexible joint in the body? the elbow joint the hip joint the shoulder joint the wrist joint

the shoulder joint

Which joint is considered the most flexible joint in the body? the elbow joint the hip joint the shoulder joint the wrist joint

the shoulder joint

Most skeletal muscles of the body act in ________.

third-class lever systems

Most skeletal muscles of the body act in ________. first-class lever systems second-class lever systems power lever systems third-class lever systems

third-class lever systems

Most skeletal muscles of the body act in ________. first-class lever systems second-class lever systems power lever systems third-class lever systems

third-class lever systems

Most skeletal muscles of the body act as:

third-class levers

Minimum voltage that is required to generate an action potential is called the _____.

threshold

What is the minimum voltage needed to generate active force in the skeletal muscle

threshold voltage

44. The major function of the red blood cells (RBC) is to:

transport Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

The origins of the levator scapula are from the ___________ of four cervical vertebrae.

transverse processes

The origins of the levator scapula are from the ___________ of four cervical vertebrae. fascia bodies transverse processes spinous processes

transverse processes

The origins of the levator scapula are from the ___________ of four cervical vertebrae. fascia bodies transverse processes spinous processes

transverse processes

The action potential is conducted into a skeletal muscle fiber by

transverse tubules.

Muscles with fibers that run perpendicular to the long axis of the body are called

transversus

Which muscle is not part of the rotator cuff?

trees major muscle

The muscle that extends the arm while doing push-ups is the

triceps

The main forearm extensor is the ________.

triceps brachii

The main forearm extensor is the ________. triceps brachii biceps brachii supinator palmaris longus

triceps brachii

The main forearm extensor is the ________. triceps brachii biceps brachii supinator palmaris longus

triceps brachii

The prime mover of elbow extension is the __________.

triceps brachii

The muscle that extends the arm while doing push-ups is the

triceps.

The temporalis muscle is innervated by the mandibular branch of the __

trigeminal nerve

The temporalis muscle is innervated by the mandibular branch of the __________.

trigeminal nerve

The temporalis muscle is innervated by the mandibular branch of the __________. abducens nerve optic nerve trigeminal nerve trochlear nerve

trigeminal nerve

The temporalis muscle is innervated by the mandibular branch of the __________. abducens nerve optic nerve trigeminal nerve trochlear nerve

trigeminal nerve

In muscle fibers, which regulatory protein blocks the attachment of myosin heads to actin? thick filaments calcium tropomyosin acetylcholinesterase

tropomyosin

At rest, active sites on the actin are blocked by

tropomyosin molecules.

Which protein inhibits interaction between actin and myosin to prevent skeletal muscle contraction; and which ions remove the inhibition? actin; calcium ions tropomyosin; calcium ions myosin; sodium ions troponin; sodium ions

tropomyosin; calcium ions

thin

troponin is part of the ______ myofilament.

At rest, the tropomyosin molecule is held in place by

troponin molecules.

A contraction in which the muscle does not shorten but its tension increases is called isometric contraction. True False

true

Although there are no sarcomeres, smooth muscle still possesses thick and thin filaments. True False

true

Cardiac muscle has a limited regenerative capacity. True False

true

Cells of unitary smooth muscle are found in the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the intestine. True False

true

Deep muscles of the thorax promote movements for breathing. True False

true

Deep muscles of the thorax promote movements for breathing. True False

true

Electromyography is the recording and interpretation of graphic records of the electrical activity of contracting muscles. True False

true

Electromyography is the recording and interpretation of graphic records of the electrical activity of contracting muscles. True False

true

In order to propel food down to the esophagus, the pharyngeal constrictor muscles are used. True False

true

In order to propel food down to the esophagus, the pharyngeal constrictor muscles are used. True False

true

Most superficial thorax muscles are extrinsic shoulder muscles. True False

true

Most superficial thorax muscles are extrinsic shoulder muscles. True False

true

Muscle cells store more creatine phosphate than ATP resulting in the muscle having a reserve source of energy. True False

true

Muscle power does not depend on the direction of the fascicles. True False

true

Muscle power does not depend on the direction of the fascicles. True False

true

Muscle spasms of the back often are due to the erector spinae contraction. True False

true

Muscle spasms of the back often are due to the erector spinae contraction. True False

true

Muscles are only able to pull, they never push. True False

true

Muscles are only able to pull, they never push. True False

true

Muscles connecting to the hyoid bone are important for swallowing and speech. True False

true

Muscles connecting to the hyoid bone are important for swallowing and speech. True False

true

Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators. True False

true

Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators. True False

true

Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators. True False

true

Peristalsis is characteristic of smooth muscle. True False

true

Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage. True False

true

Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage. True False

true

Smooth muscles are able to regenerate throughout life. True False

true

Smooth muscles relax when intracellular Ca2+ levels drop but may not cease contractions. True False

true

The anterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the pectoralis major muscle. True False

true

The anterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the pectoralis major muscle. True False

true

The arrangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power. True False

true

The arrangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power. True False

true

The broadest muscle of the back is the latissimus dorsi. True False

true

The broadest muscle of the back is the latissimus dorsi. True False

true

The calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) is the largest, strongest tendon in the body. True False

true

The calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) is the largest, strongest tendon in the body. True False

true

The major head flexors are the sternocleidomastoid muscles, with the help of the muscles attached to the hyoid bone. True False

true

The major head flexors are the sternocleidomastoid muscles, with the help of the muscles attached to the hyoid bone. True False

true

The muscle that prevents the biting of the cheek when chewing is the buccinator. True False

true

The muscle that prevents the biting of the cheek when chewing is the buccinator. True False

true

The muscles of facial expression insert into skin or other muscles, not bones. True False

true

The muscles of facial expression insert into skin or other muscles, not bones. True False

true

The soleus is a synergist of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion. True False

true

The soleus is a synergist of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion. True False

true

transverse (t-tubules)

tunnel that starts at surface and goes to the center of each fiber

Muscles are only able to pull, they never push. True False

ture

Sensory neurons of the PNS are

unipolar

sensory or afferent neurons are typically of this type

unipolar

The type of muscle found in the walls of most hollow organs is ________. cardiac muscle skeletal muscle multi unit smooth muscle unitary smooth muscle

unitary smooth muscle

Aerobic Cellular respiration

uses O2 to produce ATP in mitochondria

Which of the following muscles is not a member of the hamstrings group? biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus vastus intermedius

vastus intermedius

Which of the following muscles is not a member of the hamstrings group? biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus vastus intermedius

vastus intermedius

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants?

vastus lateralis

The portion of serious membrane that covers and adheres to the lung is called the _____.

visceral pleura

The channels that provide for the movement of potassium in the resting neuron are ___.

voltage gated

An action potential requires ____.

voltage gated sodium channels to open.

Which type of membrane channels are found at label "3"?

voltage-gated Na+ channels, voltage-gated K+ channels

The functions of the nasal cavity include_____.

warming, moistening, and filtering the air.

When the frequency of stimulation of a muscle is great enough, _______.

wave summation results and muscle twitches overlap.

Muscles are named based on all the criteria below except ________. direction of muscle fibers action of the muscle number of origins weight of the muscle

weight of the muscle

spinal reflexes

what upkeeps muscle tone?

When does a muscle contraction begin?

when stored calcium ions are released into the sarcoplasm through gated calcium channels

Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles?

whether the muscle is controlled by the involuntary or voluntary nervous system

The biceps brachii acts as a third-class lever, pulling on the radius to move the hand a long distance compared to how far the muscle shortens. To get the most distance for its force, which type of fascicle organization would the biceps brachii have?

parallel

The fascicle arrangement that permits the greatest extent of muscle shortening is __________.

parallel

Most of the skeletal muscles in the body are

parallel muscles.

axon

part of the neuron that generates and conducts action potentials

The superior pubic ramus is the origin of which adductor?

pectineus

The pectoralis minor muscle is innervated by the __________.

pectoral nerves

The pectoralis minor muscle is innervated by the __________. clavicular nerves sternal nerve ulnar nerves pectoral nerves

pectoral nerves

The pectoralis minor muscle is innervated by the __________. clavicular nerves sternal nerve ulnar nerves pectoral nerves

pectoral nerves

This large, fan-shaped muscle of the upper chest is the prime mover of arm flexion.

pectoralis major

Which of the following is an example of a convergent muscle?

pectoralis major

What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle? a) the shape b) the total number of muscle cells available for contraction c) the number of neurons innervating it d) the length

b) the total number of muscle cells available for contraction

which of the following muscles of thr chest has the insertion on the humerus

pectoralis major

The following muscles: ischiocavernosus, coccyges, deep transverse perineal, and bulbospongiosus are found within the?

pelvic floor

Skeletal muscles in which the fascicles form a common angle with the tendon are ________ muscles.

pennate

groups of fibers are bound into fascicles by a coarse connective tissue called

peroneurium

The ________ nerve, which arises in the cervical plexus, innervates the diaphragm.

phrenic

If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF? a) second-class lever b) third-class lever c) fourth-class lever d) first-class lever

b) third-class lever

what type of joint is shoulder joint

ball and socket

Belly of Muscle

between origin and insertion

What muscle that makes up the triceps and is two different levels

biceps brachii

Which of the following is a hamstring muscle? biceps femoris vastus lateralis rectus femoris vastus medialis

biceps femoris

Which of the following is a hamstring muscle? rectus femoris vastus medialis fastus lateralis biceps femoris

biceps femoris

Which of the following is a hamstring muscle? rectus femoris vastus medialis fastus lateralis biceps femoris

biceps femoris

Which of the following is a flexor of the knee?

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

Hamstring muscles

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

127. Three meninges cover the brain and spinal cord. The innermost one is called the ______.:

pia mater

concentric

picking up a book is an example of a ________ contraction.

This type of joint allows bones to spin and twist around other bones

pivot joints

You will test for a negative after image by:

placing both hands in room temperature water after one hand has been in an ice bath.

The most powerful movement at the ankle joint is __________, and the ________ is one of the prime movers of this movement.

plantar flexion; gastrocnemius

sarcolemma

plasma membrane around each muscle

The ________ covers the anterior surface of the neck

platysma

The ________ covers the anterior surface of the neck.

platysma

The complex, interwoven network formed by contributions from the ventral rami of neighboring spinal nerves is termed a

plexus

To allow for flexion, the __________ unlocks the knee joint.

popliteus

To allow for flexion, the __________ unlocks the knee joint. popliteus biceps femoris semimembranosus sartorius

popliteus

What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction? bind to regulatory sites on troponin to remove contraction inhibition increase levels of myoglobin reestablish glycogen stores form hydroxyapatite crystals

bind to regulatory sites on troponin to remove contraction inhibition

Cell body

biosynthetic center and receptive region

this type of sensory neuron is quite rare

bipolar

During the _______ stage of development, the human embryo implants in the uterine wall

blastula

tropomyosin

blocks myosin- binding site when muscle is relaxed

19. Normally menstruation occurs when_____:

blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease

Muscle twitches overlap with _______.

both fused and unfused tetanus

Which organ system provides oxygen so that exercising muscle fibers can efficiently produce ATP?

both respiratory and cardiovascular

Spinal nerves are

both sensory and motor

The major pumping chambers of the heart are:

both ventricles

The muscle that generates the most power during elbow flexion is the __________.

brachialis

Which of the following muscles is not part of the shoulder? brachialis supraspinatus infraspinatus subscapularis

brachialis

Which of the following muscles is not part of the shoulder? brachialis supraspinatus infraspinatus subscapularis

brachialis

what muscle is responsible for bending the elbow with the forearm in a extended position?

brachialis

Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?

brachioradialis

The big medial muscle that is right by the elbow?

brachioradialis

The primary function of the deep muscles of the thorax is to promote ________.

breathing

The primary function of the deep muscles of the thorax is to promote ________. breathing vomiting back posture swallowing

breathing

The primary function of the deep muscles of the thorax is to promote ________. breathing vomiting back posture swallowing

breathing

What do you think will happen when the metabolic rate is decreased to 20 kcal/hr?

breaths per minute will increase

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling. What is this muscle called?

buccinator

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling. What is this muscle called? platysma zygomaticus masseter buccinator

buccinator

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling. What is this muscle called? platysma zygomaticus masseter buccinator

buccinator

The ________ muscles compress the cheeks to help keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth while chewing.

buccinator

The ________ muscles compress the cheeks to help keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth while chewing. buccinator medial pterygoid temporalis masseter

buccinator

The ________ muscles compress the cheeks to help keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth while chewing. buccinator medial pterygoid temporalis masseter

buccinator

collagen sheath at the base of the clitoris or penis is the origin of the?

bulbospongiosus

The white matter of the spinal cord contains

bundles of axons with common origins, destinations, and functions.

Which of the following is correctly matched? a) Circular arrangement of fascicles: describes the deltoid muscle b) Parallel arrangement of fascicles: characteristic of sphincter muscles c) Convergent arrangement of fascicles: fan shaped muscle d) Pennate arrangement of fascicles: spindle shaped muscle

c) Convergent arrangement of fascicles: fan shaped muscle

The buccinator muscle

compresses the cheeks

The buccinator muscle __________. purses the lips does not function during chewing raises the corners of the mouth compresses the cheeks

compresses the cheeks

The buccinator muscle __________. purses the lips does not function during chewing raises the corners of the mouth compresses the cheeks

compresses the cheeks

The actions of the internal obliques include __________.

compression of the abdomen to assist in forced expiration

To allow for flexion, the __________ unlocks the knee joint. popliteus biceps femoris semimembranosus sartorius

popliteus

Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion? popliteus gastrocnemius and soleus flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior

popliteus

Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion? popliteus gastrocnemius and soleus flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior

popliteus

All fibers of the semimembranosus muscle converge to insert on the __________.

post. tibia

The semitendinosus muscle lies ______________ to the semimembranosus muscle.

posterior

The semitendinosus muscle lies ______________ to the semimembranosus muscle. deep posterior anterior lateral

posterior

The semitendinosus muscle lies ______________ to the semimembranosus muscle. deep posterior anterior lateral

posterior

The biceps femoris is located in the __________.

posterior thigh

The biceps femoris is located in the __________. anterior arm posterior thigh anterior thigh posterior arm

posterior thigh

The biceps femoris is located in the __________. anterior arm posterior thigh anterior thigh posterior arm

posterior thigh

All fibers of the semimembranosus muscle converge to insert on the __________.

posterior tibia

All fibers of the semimembranosus muscle converge to insert on the __________. posterior femur posterior tibia anterior tibia anterior femur

posterior tibia

All fibers of the semimembranosus muscle converge to insert on the __________. posterior femur posterior tibia anterior tibia anterior femur

posterior tibia

The muscles that extend the forearm are located __________.

posteriorly

In a typical undisturbed cell, the extracellular fluid (ECF) contains high concentrations of sodium ions and chloride ions, whereas the cytosol contains high concentrations of______ and negatively ______.

potassium ions; charged proteins

What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called?

power levers

What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called? speed levers functional levers power levers dysfunctional levers

power levers

What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called? speed levers functional levers power levers dysfunctional levers

power levers

Which of the following muscles moves the nose, and changes the shape and position of the nostrils?

procerus

muscle functions

produce body movements-stabilize body position-regulate organ volume-moving substances internally- producing heat

Muscle tone does not

produce movement

What is the primary function of wave summation? produce smooth, continuous muscle contraction prevent muscle relaxation increase muscle tension prevent muscle fatigue

produce smooth, continuous muscle contraction

The pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the trachea ______

produces mucus to trap dust particles, bacteria, and other debris; sweeps mucus toward the throat, where it can be expelled or swallowed; and lines the airway that is held open by C-shaped cartilaginous rings.

Deep muscles are called

profundus

Movement of the forearm includes __________.

pronation and supination

movements of hand

pronation supination

Of all the flexor muscles of the forearm, the __________ is the shortest.

pronator teres

Of all the flexor muscles of the forearm, the __________ is the shortest. flexor ulnaris flexor carpi radialis longus pronator teres flexor digitorum superficialis

pronator teres

Of all the flexor muscles of the forearm, the __________ is the shortest. flexor ulnaris flexor carpi radialis longus pronator teres flexor digitorum superficialis

pronator teres

Which of the following best describes the events of "excitation" in "excitation-contraction coupling"? movement of tropomyosin away from the active sites on actin cross bridge formation release of calcium from the terminal cisternae propagation of the action potential along the sarcolemma

propagation of the action potential along the sarcolemma

connective tissue

protects and supports the body and its organs. various types of connective tissue bind organs together, store energy reserves as fat and help provide immunity to disease causing organism

contractile proteins

proteins that generate force during muscle contractions

regulatory proteins

proteins that help switch the muscle contraction process on and off

Structural proteins

proteins that keep the thick and thin filaments of the myofibrils in proper alignment, give the myofibrils elasticity and extensibility, and link the myofibrils to the sarcolemma and extracellular matrix

movements of chin and mandible

protraction retraction

Latissimus Dorsi

protracts the scapula

What kind of epithelium lines the trachea?

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

The origins of the rectus abdominus muscle are on the __________.

pubic bone

The origins of the rectus abdominus muscle are on the __________. pubic bone ischial bone ileum bone sacral bone

pubic bone

The origins of the rectus abdominus muscle are on the __________. pubic bone ischial bone ileum bone sacral bone

pubic bone

The origins of the rectus abdominus muscle are on the __________.

public bone

myosin heads

pull and slide actin molecules toward the center of sarcomere

Most powerful muscle

quadriceps femoris

The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________.

quadriceps femoris

The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________. quadriceps femoris rectus abdominis gluteus maximus gastrocnemius

quadriceps femoris

The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________. quadriceps femoris rectus abdominis gluteus maximus gastrocnemius

quadriceps femoris

All fibers of the triceps brachii are innervated by the __________.

radial nerve

All fibers of the triceps brachii are innervated by the __________. axillary nerve humeral nerve radial nerve ulnar nerve

radial nerve

All fibers of the triceps brachii are innervated by the __________. axillary nerve humeral nerve radial nerve ulnar nerve

radial nerve

The two heads of the biceps brachii combine to insert on the __________.

radial tuberosity

The two heads of the biceps brachii combine to insert on the __________. ulnar notch olecranon process radial tuberosity radial notch

radial tuberosity

The two heads of the biceps brachii combine to insert on the __________. ulnar notch olecranon process radial tuberosity radial notch

radial tuberosity

The two heads of the biceps brachii muscle come together distally to insert on the __________.

radial tuberosity

The two heads of the biceps brachii muscle converge distally to insert on the __________.

radial tuberosity

The two heads of the biceps brachii muscle converge distally to insert on the __________. ulna ulnar notch radial tuberosity scapula

radial tuberosity

The two heads of the biceps brachii muscle converge distally to insert on the __________. ulna ulnar notch radial tuberosity scapula

radial tuberosity

The interosseous membrane is located between the __________.

radius and ulna

Which of the following movements demonstrates a first-class lever?

raising your head up off your chest

Which of the following movements demonstrates a first-class lever? standing on your toes flexing your knee to raise your heel toward your buttocks lifting a rock with your right hand and arm raising your head up off your chest

raising your head up off your chest

15. The primary function of the uterus is to______:

receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum

dendrites

receptive region

A muscle cell runs out of ATP. Even though these are cyclic reactions, what step of the cross bridge cycle given is most directly inhibited or terminated? cross bridge formation cocking of myosin head cross bridge detachment the power stroke

cross bridge detachment

Where does the acetylcholine that stimulates muscle contraction bind?

receptors in the motor end plate

Muscles with fibers that run parallel to the long axis of the body are called

rectus

Which of the following muscles fixes and depresses the ribs and stabilizes the pelvis during walking?

rectus abdom

During abdominal surgery, the surgeon makes a cut lateral to the linea alba. The muscle that would be cut is the

rectus abdominis

Which of the following muscles fixes and depresses the ribs and stabilizes the pelvis during walking?

rectus abdominis

Which of the following muscles fixes and depresses the ribs and stabilizes the pelvis during walking? external oblique transversus abdominis rectus abdominis internal oblique

rectus abdominis

Which of the following muscles fixes and depresses the ribs and stabilizes the pelvis during walking? external oblique transversus abdominis rectus abdominis internal oblique

rectus abdominis

Which muscle originates on the pubic crest and symphysis and inserts on the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs five through seven?

rectus abdominus

Which muscle acts as both a knee (leg) extensor and hip (thigh) flexor?

rectus femoris

Muscles with fibers that run parallel to the long axis of the body are called

rectus.

Which is CORRECTLY matched?

rectus: straight

Which is CORRECTLY matched? brevis: long transverse: parallel to the long axis deltoid: at a right angle to the long axis rectus: straight

rectus: straight

Which is CORRECTLY matched? brevis: long transverse: parallel to the long axis deltoid: at a right angle to the long axis rectus: straight

rectus: straight

The most numerous blood cells are ____?

red blood cells

myoglobin

red pigmented protein related to hemoglobin that carries oxygen

Fast Oxidative- Glycolytic (FOG)

red, many mitochondria--generate ATP by Aerobic CR--high resistance to fatigue

50. The pulmonary trunk and arteries are color-coded ______ on models and in pictures, because they carry ____ blood:

red, oxygenated

When a muscle is unable to respond to stimuli temporarily, it is in which of the following periods? fatigue period relaxation period refractory period latent period

refractory period

Which movement results after the contraction of the serratus anterior muscle?

scapular protraction and rotation

Which movement results after the contraction of the serratus anterior muscle? scapular elevation scapular protraction and rotation scapular retraction abduction of the humerus

scapular protraction and rotation

Which movement results after the contraction of the serratus anterior muscle? scapular elevation scapular protraction and rotation scapular retraction abduction of the humerus

scapular protraction and rotation

A demyelinating disease affects

schwann cells

The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is formed by

schwann cells

the formation of myelin in the peripheral nervous system is accomplished by these cells

schwann cells

The semitendinosus muscle is innervated by the tibial portion of the __________ nerve.

sciatic

9. External sac enclosing the testes:

scrotum

axon terminals

secretory region. Forms synapsys, or junctions, with other neurons or effector cells

which of the following glands are responsible for 60% of the synthesis of semen?

seminal vesicles

What functional type of neuron is found in the dorsal root ganglion?

sensory

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed,

sensory input would be blocked

oligodendrocytes form myelin around

several axons

To allow movement of the tendons within the carpal tunnel zone, each tendon is encased in a __________.

sheath

Which of the following is NOT a phase of a muscle twitch

shortening phase

The speed of muscle contraction is called the _______.

shortening velocity

Which joint is considered the most flexible joint in the body?

shoulder

An aponeurosis is ________.

similar to a tendon in function

an aponeurosis is..

similar to a tendon in function

An aponeurosis is ___.

similar to a tendon in function.

extension of arm uses what muscle

skeletal

type of tissue controlled voluntarily

skeletal

of the basic muscle types, this is the "meat" of the body, attached to the skeleton, which moves the limbs and other body parts

skeletal muscle

Muscle tones keeps

skeletal muscle firm

muscles that do not involve joints

skeletal muscles

3 types of muscle

skeletal, cardiac,smooth

The structural theory that explains how a muscle fiber contracts is called the

sliding filament theory

Which muscle fiber type is best suited for endurance activities, such as long-distance jogging? fast glycolytic fibers slow glycolytic fibers slow oxidative fibers fast oxidative fibers

slow oxidative fibers

around 30 yr old

slowly lose skeletal muscle & replaced with Fibrous CT and Adipose

Slow Oxidative (SO)

small diameter & red (Myoglobin), mitochondria aerobic CR

Which muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate? no muscle can regenerate smooth cardiac skeletal

smooth

Binding of calcium to calmodulin is a step in excitation-contraction coupling of ________ cells. cardiac and visceral smooth muscle cardiac muscle skeletal muscle smooth muscle

smooth muscle

moves food through the digestive tract

smooth muscle

thick; thin

smooth muscle has more ______ filaments than _____ filaments.

autorythmic

smooth muscle is __________ meaning it is under involuntary control.

Establishing the resting membrane potential requires energy through the use of the _____.

sodium-potassium pump

Plantar flexion is a function of which of the following muscles?

soleus

The ________ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles.

somatic

Auto Rhymicity

some cardiac muscles generate their own ATP

Synaptic Cleft

space between axon terminal & sarcolemma of muscle fiber

All fibers of the trapezius muscle are innervated by the __________.

spinal accessory nerve

All fibers of the trapezius muscle are innervated by the __________. spinal accessory nerve scapular nerve axillary nerve coxal nerve

spinal accessory nerve

All fibers of the trapezius muscle are innervated by the __________. spinal accessory nerve scapular nerve axillary nerve coxal nerve

spinal accessory nerve

The least variable of the different parts of the spinalis muscle is the __

spinalis thoracis

The rhomboideus minor muscle originates on which process on the vertebrae?

spinous process

Which of the following muscle terms indicates a "bandage" shape?

splenius

Spasms of this straplike muscle often result in wryneck or torticollis.

sternocleidomastoid

Spasms of this straplike muscle often result in wryneck or torticollis. platysma serratus anterior sternocleidomastoid zygomaticus

sternocleidomastoid

Spasms of this straplike muscle often result in wryneck or torticollis. platysma serratus anterior sternocleidomastoid zygomaticus

sternocleidomastoid

When both muscles of this pair are contracted simultaneously, they flex the neck forward.

sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following muscles is named for its origin and insertion?

sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following muscles is named for its origin and insertion? trapezius sternocleidomastoid deltoid gluteus maximus

sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following muscles is named for its origin and insertion? sternocleidomastoid trapezius deltoid gluteus maximus

sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following muscles is named for its origin and insertion? sternocleidomastoid trapezius deltoid gluteus maximus

sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following muscles is one that arises on the axial skeleton?

sternocleidomastoid

The first step toward generating a skeletal muscle contraction is ________. a rise in intracellular Ca2+ levels binding of the myosin heads to actin binding of ATP to the myosin heads stimulation of the muscle by a nerve ending

stimulation of the muscle by a nerve ending

To transition from unfused tetanus to fused tetanus, _______.

stimulus frequency increased

Which of the following best describes the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

storage and release site for calcium ions

What special feature of smooth muscle allows it to stretch without immediately resulting in a strong contraction? stress-relaxation response slow, prolonged contractile activity smooth muscle tone low energy requirements

stress-relaxation response

Which of the following is not a component of the standard treatment for muscle strain? elevation of the limb rest of the muscle stretching of the muscle ice on the muscle

stretching on muscle

tendon

strong, cordlike structure that attaches muscles to bones

Which of the following is NOT involved in chewing/biting?

styloglossus

Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the

subarachnoid space

Samples of CSF for diagnostic purposes are normally obtained by placing the tip of a needle in the

subarachnoid space

The angle of which muscle prevents the humeral head from sliding upward out of the joint as the arm is raised?

subscapularis

The angle of which muscle prevents the humeral head from sliding upward out of the joint as the arm is raised? subscapularis infraspinatus supraspinatus teres minor

subscapularis

The angle of which muscle prevents the humeral head from sliding upward out of the joint as the arm is raised? subscapularis infraspinatus supraspinatus teres minor

subscapularis

What muscle runs on the front of the armpit?

subscapularis

The gluteus medius muscle is innervated by the __________.

superior gluteal nerve

The gluteus medius muscle is innervated by the __________. superior coxial nerve superior gluteal nerve inferior coxial nerve inferior gluteal nerve

superior gluteal nerve

The gluteus medius muscle is innervated by the __________. superior coxial nerve superior gluteal nerve inferior coxial nerve inferior gluteal nerve

superior gluteal nerve

Which eye muscle sends its tendon of origin through a pulley or trochlea before inserting on the globe?

superior oblique

The rhomboid minor muscle sits __________.

superior to the rhomboid major

The rhomboid minor muscle sits __________. inferior to the rhomboid major superficial to the rhomboid major superior to the rhomboid major deep to the rhomboid major

superior to the rhomboid major

The rhomboid minor muscle sits __________. inferior to the rhomboid major superficial to the rhomboid major superior to the rhomboid major deep to the rhomboid major

superior to the rhomboid major

of the following muscles of the forearm, which one rotates the forearm to turn the palm upwards?

supinator

which muscle lays right above the shoulder inbetween the acromion process and coracoid process?

supraspinatus

Which of the following best describes the events of "contraction" in "excitation-contraction coupling"? cross bridge formation propagation of the action potential along the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber release of calcium from the terminal cisternae sliding of myofilaments

cross bridge formation

sarcoplasm

cytoplasm

Choose the false statement. a) The hamstring crosses the knee joint. b) The hamstring crosses the hip joint. c) The hamstrings are fleshy muscles of the posterior thigh. d) Hamstrings promote knee rotation.

d) Hamstrings promote knee rotation.

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called? a) an antagonist b) a fixator c) a synergist d) an agonist

d) an agonist

What is the major factor controlling how levers work? a) the weight of the load b) the direction the load is being moved c) the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever d) the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum

d) the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum

Which of these is not a way of classifying muscles? a) the type of action they cause b) muscle location c) muscle shape d) the type of muscle fibers

d) the type of muscle fibers

Most skeletal muscles of the body act as: a) first-class levers. b) power levers. c) second-class levers. d) third-class levers.

d) third-class levers.

The velocity of shortening _______.

decreased as the weight increased and increased as the weight decreased

As the weight increased, the distance the weight was lifted _______.

decreased until the weight was not moved at all

The distance between Z discs ________ during muscle contraction. decreases increases decreases and then increases stays the same

decreases

The brachialis muscle is located __________ to the biceps brachii muscle.

deep

The forearm muscles can be divided into anterior flexors and posterior extensors, as well as __________.

deep and superficial layers

The pelvic diaphragm does not include which muscle?

deep transverse perineal

What is the type of chemical reaction used to rebuild ADP into ATP? rehydration synthesis dehydration synthesis hydrolysis

dehydration synthesis

Downward dislocation of the humerus from the glenohumeral joint when carrying weight is prevented by the __________.

supraspinatus muscle

Downward dislocation of the humerus from the glenohumeral joint when carrying weight is prevented by the __________. infraspinatus muscle subscapularis muscle teres minor muscle supraspinatus muscle

supraspinatus muscle

Downward dislocation of the humerus from the glenohumeral joint when carrying weight is prevented by the __________. infraspinatus muscle subscapularis muscle teres minor muscle supraspinatus muscle

supraspinatus muscle

four rotator cuff muscles, which include:

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

endomysisum

surrounds each individual fiber

Of the nine muscles that cross the shoulder joint and insert on the humerus, which muscle is considered to be a prime mover? coracobrachialis supraspinatus deltoid pectoralis minor

deltoid

Of the nine muscles that cross the shoulder joint and insert on the humerus, which muscle is considered to be a prime mover? coracobrachialis supraspinatus deltoid pectoralis minor

deltoid

The __________ is a prime mover of the glenohumeral joint during flexion. teres major deltoid biceps brachii coracobrachialis

deltoid

The __________ is a prime mover of the glenohumeral joint during flexion. teres major deltoid biceps brachii coracobrachialis

deltoid

What muscle is it that covers the head of the humerus and glenoid cavity?

deltoid

raising your arm to shoulder level is accomplished almost entirely by the

deltoid

nervous tissue

detects changes in a variety of conditions inside and outside the body and responds by generating action potentials (nerve impulses that activate muscular contractions and glandular secretions)

The muscle that subdivides the ventral body cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities is the ________.

diaphragm

The muscle that subdivides the ventral body cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities is the ________. diaphragm transversus abdominis quadratus lumborum internal oblique

diaphragm

The muscle that subdivides the ventral body cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities is the ________. diaphragm transversus abdominis quadratus lumborum internal oblique

diaphragm

Which is(are) the most important muscle(s) of inspiration (inhalation)?

diaphragm

Which is(are) the most important muscle(s) of inspiration (inhalation)? rectus abdominis diaphragm external intercostals internal intercostals

diaphragm

Which is(are) the most important muscle(s) of inspiration (inhalation)? rectus abdominis diaphragm external intercostals internal intercostals

diaphragm

Endomysium is a delicate network of loose connective tissue that

surrounds each muscle fiber

perimysium

surrounds fiber bundles

The endomysium:

surrounds the individual muscle fibers, and loosely interconnects adjacent muscle fibers.

Which muscle(s) of the rectus group insert(s) on a central tendinous sheath, and act(s) to expand the thoracic cavity, as well as compress the abdominopelvic cavity?

diaphragm

the space between the axon terminal and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber is called the ____.

synaptic cleft

The narrow space between the synaptic terminal and the muscle fiber is the

synaptic cleft.

The action that moves the scapula towards the head is called __________. medial rotation protraction retraction elevation

elevation

The action that moves the scapula towards the head is called __________. medial rotation protraction retraction elevation

elevation

movements of shoulder

elevation and depression

Each nerve impulse

elicits 1 Muscle Action Potential

the _________meaning "within the muscle" is a wispy sheath of connective tissue that surrounds each individual muscle fiber. It consists of fine _______ connective tissue.

endomysium, areolar

What muscle is primarily responsible for preventing foot drop?

extensor digitorum longus

A muscle group that works with and assists the action of a prime mover is a(n) ________.

synergist

A muscle that assists the muscle that is primarily responsible for a given action is a

synergist

Muscle that aids another by promoting the same movement

synergist

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts?

synergist

muscle that aids another by promoting the same movement

synergist

A muscle that assists the muscle that is primarily responsible for a given action is a(n)

synergist.

What muscle is primarily responsible for preventing foot drop? extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius tibialis anterior

extensor digitorum longus

What muscle is primarily responsible for preventing foot drop? extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius tibialis anterior

extensor digitorum longus

The two muscles that insert on the fifth phalanx or on the fifth metatarsal are the __________.

extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius

A muscle that extends both the wrist and the index finger is the

extensor indicts

Name events in the correct order of inspiration.

external intercostals and diaphragm contract, size of thoracic cavity increases, gas pressure in the lungs decreases, air flows in.

lateral surface

face the adjacent cells on either side. Lateral surfaces may contain tight junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, and /or gap junctions.

apical (free) surface

faces the body surface, a body cavity, the lumen (interior space of an internal organ, or a tubular duct that receives cell secretions. Apical surfaces may contain cilia or microvilli.

The buccinator muscle is innervated by the

facial nerve

The buccinator muscle is innervated by the __________. vagus nerve facial nerve trigeminal nerve abducens nerve

facial nerve

The buccinator muscle is innervated by the __________. vagus nerve facial nerve trigeminal nerve abducens nerve

facial nerve

16. Fertilization generally occurs in the _______:

fallopian tubes

Fertilization generally occurs in the ____

fallopian tubes

A pair of tweezers is a good example of a second-class lever. True False

false

A pair of tweezers is a good example of a second-class lever. True False

false

Although all skeletal muscles have different shapes, the fascicle arrangement of each muscle is exactly the same. True False

false

Although all skeletal muscles have different shapes, the fascicle arrangement of each muscle is exactly the same. True False

false

Both first- and second-class levers operate at a mechanical disadvantage. True False

false

Both first- and second-class levers operate at a mechanical disadvantage. True False

false

Cardiac muscle makes most of its ATP via anaerobic pathways. True False

false

Isometric contraction leads to movement of a load. True False

false

Muscles that help to maintain posture are often called synergists. True False

false

Muscles that help to maintain posture are often called synergists. True False

false

Muscles that help to maintain posture are often called synergists. True False

false

The deltoid is a prime mover of the arm that acts in adduction. True False

false

The deltoid is a prime mover of the arm that acts in adduction. True False

false

The more a muscle shortens during a contraction, the greater the power of the muscle. True False

false

The more a muscle shortens during a contraction, the greater the power of the muscle. True False

false

convergent arrangement of fascicles create:

fan shaped muscle

each of the elements that make up skeletal muscle is surrounded by connective tissue. which words correctly pair the connective tissue layer with the corresponding muscle structure?

fascicle: perimysium

Muscle fibers in skeletal muscle form bundles called ________.

fascicles

within each skeletal muscle, the muscle fibers are grouped into ______ that resemble bundles of ______. Surrounding each fascicle is a layer of _______ connective tissue called _________ meaning "around the muscle"

fascicles, sticks fibrous, perimysium

The vastus lateralis is innervated by the __________.

femoral nerve

The vastus lateralis is innervated by the __________. tibial nerve sacral nerve fibular nerve femoral nerve

femoral nerve

The vastus lateralis is innervated by the __________. tibial nerve sacral nerve fibular nerve femoral nerve

femoral nerve

The lateral rotators act on the __________.

femur

gliding movements occur between

femur and patella

what type of bones included in hip joint

femur, hip bone

what kind of bones are inlcuded in knee joint

femur, tibia, patella

FOG

fibers contract and relax quickly (compared to SO)

The Sliding shorten the sarcomeres thus.

fibers shorten also, but the length of the filament DO NOT change

Eversion of the foot is a function of the __________.

fibularis longus

The origin of the external obliques includes ribs __________.

five through twelve

The origin of the external obliques includes ribs __________. seven through twelve six through twelve eight through twelve five through twelve

five through twelve

The origin of the external obliques includes ribs __________. seven through twelve six through twelve eight through twelve five through twelve

five through twelve

A muscle that assists another by stabilizing its origin is called its __________.

fixator

Muscle that stabilizes the origin of another muscle

fixator

fmuscle that stabilizes the origin of another muscle

fixator

Both heads of the biceps femoris muscle __________.

flex the leg at the knee

Both heads of the biceps femoris muscle __________. extend the hip extend the leg at the knee flex the leg at the knee flex the hip

flex the leg at the knee

Both heads of the biceps femoris muscle __________. extend the hip extend the leg at the knee flex the leg at the knee flex the hip

flex the leg at the knee

The soleus muscle __________ the foot at the ankle and is innervated by the __________.

flexes; tibial nerve

The soleus muscle __________ the foot at the ankle and is innervated by the __________. flexes; tibial nerve flexes; fibular nerve extends; fibular nerve extends; tibial nerve

flexes; tibial nerve

The soleus muscle __________ the foot at the ankle and is innervated by the __________. flexes; tibial nerve flexes; fibular nerve extends; fibular nerve extends; tibial nerve

flexes; tibial nerve

Movement of the elbow joint movement is limited to __________.

flexion and extension

movement of arm at elbow

flexion extension

movement of arm at shoulder

flexion extension

movement of head and neck

flexion extension

movement of leg at knee

flexion extension

movement of thigh at hip

flexion extension

movement of vertebral column trunk

flexion extension

movements of hand at wrist

flexion extension

what type of movement is possible in elbow joint

flexion extension rotation between radius and ulna

what movement is possible by knee joint

flexion, extension, slight rotation

The brachioradialis is a strong forearm __________.

flexor

This forearm muscle is a powerful wrist flexor.

flexor carpi radialis

What is the muscle right under the pronator teres that is the largest in the anterior view

flexor carpi radialis

Which superficial flexor muscle of the forearm is the most lateral?

flexor carpi radialis

which of the following muscles flexes the wrist?

flexor carpi radialis

The tendon that connects only to the wrist

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexes the 5th digit

flexor digiti minimi brevis

Of the intrinsic muscles of the hand, which one originates on the hamate bone?

flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle

What muscle doesn't have it's origin at the common flexor tendon?

flexor digitorum profundus

What muscle is on the back of the arm that flexes when you do curls?

flexor digitorum superficialis

Which muscle is a superficial anterior flexor muscle?

flexor digitorum superficialis

Mucles that lays across middle of the hand

flexor pollicis brevis

What powerfully flexes the thumb?

flexor pollicis brevis

Which muscle of the wrist and fingers is a deep anterior flexor?

flexor pollicis longus

Carpal tunnel syndrome is characterized by inflammation of the __________.

flexor retinaculum and/or tendon sheaths

The muscles of the anterior group of forearm muscles are primarily

flexors

The actions of the internal intercostals are most important during __________.

forced expiration

The actions of the internal intercostals are most important during __________. normal expiration forced expiration normal inspiration forced inspiration

forced expiration

The actions of the internal intercostals are most important during __________. normal expiration forced expiration normal inspiration forced inspiration

forced expiration

18. Spermiogenesis involves the _____:

formation of a functional sperm by the stripping away of superfluous cytoplasm

Synaptic End bulbs

found at end of axon terminal & contain synaptic vesicles that are filled with neurotransmitters

cardiac muscle

found in heart, striated and involuntary

Smooth Muscle

found in the internal organs & bloodvessels--involuntary--thin filaments attach to Dense Bodies

Wrist abduction occurs through the actions of __________ muscles.

four

Abduction requires the action of two muscles, and adduction requires the action of __________. three muscles two muscles four muscles one muscle

four muscles

Abduction requires the action of two muscles, and adduction requires the action of __________. three muscles two muscles four muscles one muscle

four muscles

The insertion of the extensor digitorum branches into __________.

four tendons

the junction involved in communication rather than anchorage is

gap junction

The soleus muscle shares an insertion with the __________ muscle.

gastrocnemius

The soleus muscle shares an insertion with the __________.

gastrocnemius muscle

The soleus muscle shares an insertion with the __________. fibularis longus muscle flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum longus gastrocnemius muscle

gastrocnemius muscle

The soleus muscle shares an insertion with the __________. fibularis longus muscle flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum longus gastrocnemius muscle

gastrocnemius muscle

Which muscle is found in the superficial posterior compartment of the calf region?

gastrocnemius muscle

34. The 3 primary germ layers develop during this stage of human fetal development:

gastrula

muscular tissue

generates the physical force needed to make body structures move and generates body heat

electrical; chemical; electrical

generating and AP on the muscle membrane involves the transfer of info from an _________ signal (down the neuron), to a ________ signal (at the NMJ), back to an ________ signal (depolarization of the sarcolemma).

A cute, little curly-haired child is sitting behind you in church. You turn around for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did she use? genioglossus stylohyoid hyoglossus orbicularis oris

genioglossus

In assessing a stroke patient, you ask her to stick out (protract) her tongue. You note that it deviates to one side. You suspect that damage to the neural control of the ________ muscle has occurred

genioglossus

she sticks her tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did she use?

genioglossus

The rotator cuff is a term used to describe the group of muscles and tendons that stabilize and reinforce the __________.

glenohumeral joint

The rotator cuff is a term used to describe the group of muscles and tendons that stabilize and reinforce the __________. pectoral girdle glenohumeral joint scapula elbow joint

glenohumeral joint

The rotator cuff is a term used to describe the group of muscles and tendons that stabilize and reinforce the __________. pectoral girdle glenohumeral joint scapula elbow joint

glenohumeral joint

The rotator cuff is a term used to describe the group of muscles and tendons that stabilize and reinforce the __________.

glenohumerral joint

This type of joint allows bones to glide past each other. There are gliding joints in your ankles, wrists and spine.

gliding joints

Speech occurs when air is moved through what passageway between the true vocal cords.

glottis

The prime mover of hip extension is the __________.

gluteus maximus

Which of the following muscles pulls on the iliotibial tract?

gluteus maximus

An anaerobic metabolic pathway that results in the production of two net ATPs per glucose plus two pyruvic acid molecules is ________. glycolysis the electron transport chain hydrolysis the citric acid cycle

glycolysis

Which of the following processes produces molecules of ATP and has two pyruvic acid molecules as end products? Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation hydrolysis of creatine phosphate glycolysis

glycolysis

Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings? biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus gracilis

gracilis

Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings? semimembranosus semitendinosus biceps femoris gracilis

gracilis

Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings? biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus gracilis

gracilis

The insertion of the teres minor is on the __________.

greater tub.

The infraspinatus inserts on the ____________ of the humerus.

greater tubercle

The infraspinatus inserts on the ____________ of the humerus.