COMM 143 Final
Positive nervousness
controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for his or her presentation
True
People spend more time listening than in any other communicative activity.
open-ended
"Do you think gun control is a workable solution to the problem of violence in U.S. schools?" is an example of a(n) ____________ question.
specific purpose statement
"To persuade my audience that media violence is a major cause of violence in society" is an example of a(n)
peer
According to your textbook, if you quoted your sixteen-year-old niece on the impact of media violence on high-school students, you would be using ____________ testimony.
egocentrism
According to your textbook, the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being is called
expert testimony
According to your textbook, what type of supporting material would you be using if you quoted Yale physicist Daniel Timbie on the compatibility of the big bang theory with religious philosophies?
the size of the audience
According to your textbook, which of the following is a factor in situational audience analysis?
False
Adapting your message to the needs of a particular audience means that you must inevitably compromise your beliefs.
False
After conducting a research interview, you should wait a few days to review and transcribe your notes.
False
Although the specific purpose statement for a speech should not be phrased as a question, it is acceptable to phrase the central idea as a question.
True
As a general rule, the larger your audience is, the more formal your speech presentation should be.
empathetic
At a coffee shop on campus, Rachel listens to her friend Shanti discuss his feelings about his mother's recent death. According to your textbook, Rachel is engaged in ____________ listening.
at every step of speech preparation and presentation
Audience-centeredness involves keeping your audience foremost in mind
False
Avoiding ethnocentrism is important for listeners as well as for speakers.
show respect for the cultures of the people they address.
Avoiding ethnocentrism means that public speakers should
True
Because each person has a different frame of reference, the meaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker.
False
Because listeners recognize that public speakers are promoting their self-interest, it is acceptable for speakers to alter evidence.
True
Because people have different frames of reference, a public speaker must take care to adapt her or his message to the particular audience being addressed.
ethical
Because speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ____________ responsibilities.
False
Because the brain can process many more words per minute than we talk, this spare "brain time" makes listening easier.
False
One of the advantages of using the Internet for research is that you don't have to identify the sources of your information in your speech.
knowledge of the topic
Dr. Kristin Lutz is preparing an informative talk about Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome for an audience of expectant parents. The most important factor Dr. Lutz should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its
reference works
Encyclopedias, dictionaries, and atlases are all examples of
False
Even if you can't identify the author or sponsoring organization for an Internet document, you can still use the document in your speech as long as it is up to date.
incremental
Even if your speech as a whole is ethical, you can still be guilty of ____________ plagiarism if you fail to give credit for quotations, paraphrases, and other specific parts of the speech that are borrowed from other people.
True
Even though there can be gray areas when it comes to assessing a speaker's goals, it is still necessary to ask ethical questions about those goals.
True
Examples are especially useful for getting listeners involved in a speech.
Gabrielle is guilty of global plagiarism because she took a speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own.
Gabrielle, a physiology major, waited until the last minute to begin preparing her persuasive speech. When her friend Ken learned that she was panicking over the assignment, he gave her the outline of a speech he had delivered in class the previous semester. Gabrielle used the speech and presented it as her own.
False
Hearing and listening are identical.
Critical
Ian is attending a union meeting in which the union president is discussing the company's plan to decrease wages in exchange for an increase in vacation time. As Ian listens, he is trying to determine whether or not to vote for the plan. According to your textbook, Ian is engaged in ____________ listening.
It's too vague
Identify the flaw in the following central idea for a speech: "Something should be done about global warming."
It contains two unrelated ideas
Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: "To persuade my audience that Congress should ban handguns and increase spending for education."
It's expressed as a question
Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: "Why should the university raise tuition?"
sponsoring organization
If there is no clearly identified author for a document on the Internet, you should try to determine the ____________ that is responsible for the document.
biographical aid
If you need information about a specific person, you should consult a ____________ such as Who's Who, Dictionary of Hispanic Biography, Notable American Women, or Contemporary Black Biography.
False
If you need information from a newspaper such as the New York Times, you have little alternative to thumbing through back issues of the paper until you find what you need.
plagiarism
If you present another person's language or ideas as your own, you are guilty of
periodical database
If you want to find journal or magazine articles on your speech topic, you should consult a(n)
False
In most cases, statistics speak for themselves and do not require a lot of explanation when used in a speech.
a set of ethical standards or guidelines.
In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against
True
It is normal--even desirable--to be nervous at the start of a speech.
False
It is only necessary for a speaker to identify his or her source when quoting verbatim rather than when paraphrasing.
False
Listeners usually find generalizations more interesting and convincing than specific statements.
False
Listeners usually realize how tense a speaker is.
True
Listening and critical thinking are so closely allied that training in listening is also training in how to think.
Appreciative listening
Listening for pleasure or enjoyment
critical listening
Listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it
Comprehensive listening
Listening to understand the message of a speaker
attitude toward the topic
Mayor Kathleen Baldwin has been asked to address the Wakefield Community Association about the issue of constructing a swimming pool in the neighborhood. The most important factor Baldwin should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its
author, title, or keyword
Most library catalogues allow you to search for books by
False
Most successful speakers do not experience stage fright.
False
One key to successful speaking is to determine which audiences are worthy of your best efforts to communicate your ideas.
True
Procedures for conducting in-depth searches of documents on the Web vary from search aid to search aid
False
Protecting a speaker's freedom to express his or her ideas implies agreement with those ideas.
True
Public speaking and ordinary conversation are similar in that both involve adapting to listener feedback.
True
Public speaking has been taught and studied for thousands of years.
Scale questions
Questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers
statistics
Research indicates that the impact of examples is greatly enhanced when they are followed by ____________ that show the examples are typical.
False
Skilled listeners try to remember a speaker's every word.
True
Speechmaking becomes more complex as cultural diversity increases.
False; need to be specific
Surfing the World Wide Web is an excellent way to find information for your speeches.
False
Taking account of your listeners' racial, ethnic, or cultural background is an important factor in situational audience analysis.
True
The central idea for a speech should be stated as a full sentence.
False
The central idea of a speech is usually formulated before the specific purpose.
take listening seriously
The first step to improving your listening skills is to
True
The impact of an extended example often depends as much on the speaker's delivery as on the content of the example.
frame of reference
The knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes through which each listener filters a message make up the listener's
False
The larger the audience becomes, the greater is the ethical responsibility of the speaker to be fully prepared.
False
The main purpose of using statistics in a speech is to make the speech more vivid.
feedback
The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker
True
The most important task in preparing to conduct a research interview is deciding what questions to ask during the interview.
gain a desired response from listeners
The primary purpose of speechmaking is to
identification
The process of creating a bond with listeners by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences is called __________ by communication scholars.
False
When taking research notes, you should only write down information that you know you will use in your speech.
round off complicated statistics, identify the sources of your statistics, use statistics sparingly
When using statistics in a speech, you should
True
The skillful use of supporting materials is closely related to critical thinking.
mean
The term for the statistical measure popularly known as the "average"
search engines, metasearch engines, and virtual libraries
The three kinds of search aids discussed in the chapter for finding documents on the Internet are
statistics, examples, and testimony
The three kinds of supporting materials discussed in your textbook are
comprehensive listening and critical listening
The two kinds of listening most closely tied to critical thinking are
search engines and virtual libraries
The two kinds of search aids discussed in the chapter for finding documents on the Internet are
False
To improve your listening, you should think of listening as a passive process.
paraphrase
To restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words is to
gender, age, group membership, and sexual orientation
What does your textbook discuss as major factors in demographic audience analysis?
Work especially hard on your speech introduction
What does your textbook recommend as a way to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?
Visualize yourself giving a strong speech, focus on communicating rather than on being nervous, Be thoroughly prepared for each speech
What is likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?
Sojourner Truth was born into slavery, underwent a conversion experience, and became a speaker for various reform causes.
What is the central idea of a speech with the following main points: I. Isabel Baumfree was born into slavery in the state of New York during the 1790s. II. After undergoing a conversion experience and changing her name to Sojourner Truth, she began preaching during the 1840s. III. Over the next few decades, she became a celebrated speaker for various reform causes.
juggling statistics, quoting out of context, citing unusual cases as typical examples
What violates the speaker's ethical obligation to be honest in what she or he says?
paraphrases
When a speaker _____________, she restates or summarizes an author's ideas in her own words.
True
When business managers are asked to rank-order the communication skills most crucial to their jobs, they usually rank listening number one.
interest in the topic, knowledge about the topic, attitude toward the topic.
When gauging your audience's disposition toward the speech topic, you should take into account their
Persuade
When you want to change or structure the attitudes of your audience, your general purpose is to
inform
When your general purpose is to ____________, you act as a teacher or lecturer.
filtering the message through his frame of reference
While listening to a speech about gun control, Scott thought back to his experiences as an intern with the police department and decided that the speaker was knowledgeable about the subject. Scott was
True
You should never cite an article in your speech on the basis of the abstract alone
False
You should usually avoid using detailed examples because they will bore your audience
False
Your textbook recommends taking word-for-word notes as a way to improve your listening skills.
Active
__________ listeners give their undivided attention to the speaker in a genuine effort to understand her or his point of view.
preliminary bibliography
a list, compiled early in the research process, of books and articles that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic
Brainstorming
a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas
central idea
a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the main points of a speech
specific purpose statement
a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in her or his speech
brief example
a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point
example
a specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like
extended example
a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.
hypothetical example
an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation
stage fright
anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience.
interference
anything that impedes the communication of a message
Empathic listening
listening to provide emotional support for a speaker
Visualization
mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation.
Critical thinking includes
seeing the relationships among ideas, judging the credibility of statements, assessing the soundness of evidence
patchwork plagiarism
stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own is called
Ethnocentrism
the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures
ethics
the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.
catalogue
the key to finding materials in the library
mode
the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers
Name-calling
the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups.
call numbers
used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves
residual message
what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech