COMM 143 Final

Positive nervousness

controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for his or her presentation

True

People spend more time listening than in any other communicative activity.

open-ended

"Do you think gun control is a workable solution to the problem of violence in U.S. schools?" is an example of a(n) ____________ question.

specific purpose statement

"To persuade my audience that media violence is a major cause of violence in society" is an example of a(n)

peer

According to your textbook, if you quoted your sixteen-year-old niece on the impact of media violence on high-school students, you would be using ____________ testimony.

egocentrism

According to your textbook, the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being is called

expert testimony

According to your textbook, what type of supporting material would you be using if you quoted Yale physicist Daniel Timbie on the compatibility of the big bang theory with religious philosophies?

the size of the audience

According to your textbook, which of the following is a factor in situational audience analysis?

False

Adapting your message to the needs of a particular audience means that you must inevitably compromise your beliefs.

False

After conducting a research interview, you should wait a few days to review and transcribe your notes.

False

Although the specific purpose statement for a speech should not be phrased as a question, it is acceptable to phrase the central idea as a question.

True

As a general rule, the larger your audience is, the more formal your speech presentation should be.

empathetic

At a coffee shop on campus, Rachel listens to her friend Shanti discuss his feelings about his mother's recent death. According to your textbook, Rachel is engaged in ____________ listening.

at every step of speech preparation and presentation

Audience-centeredness involves keeping your audience foremost in mind

False

Avoiding ethnocentrism is important for listeners as well as for speakers.

show respect for the cultures of the people they address.

Avoiding ethnocentrism means that public speakers should

True

Because each person has a different frame of reference, the meaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker.

False

Because listeners recognize that public speakers are promoting their self-interest, it is acceptable for speakers to alter evidence.

True

Because people have different frames of reference, a public speaker must take care to adapt her or his message to the particular audience being addressed.

ethical

Because speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ____________ responsibilities.

False

Because the brain can process many more words per minute than we talk, this spare "brain time" makes listening easier.

False

One of the advantages of using the Internet for research is that you don't have to identify the sources of your information in your speech.

knowledge of the topic

Dr. Kristin Lutz is preparing an informative talk about Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome for an audience of expectant parents. The most important factor Dr. Lutz should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its

reference works

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, and atlases are all examples of

False

Even if you can't identify the author or sponsoring organization for an Internet document, you can still use the document in your speech as long as it is up to date.

incremental

Even if your speech as a whole is ethical, you can still be guilty of ____________ plagiarism if you fail to give credit for quotations, paraphrases, and other specific parts of the speech that are borrowed from other people.

True

Even though there can be gray areas when it comes to assessing a speaker's goals, it is still necessary to ask ethical questions about those goals.

True

Examples are especially useful for getting listeners involved in a speech.

Gabrielle is guilty of global plagiarism because she took a speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own.

Gabrielle, a physiology major, waited until the last minute to begin preparing her persuasive speech. When her friend Ken learned that she was panicking over the assignment, he gave her the outline of a speech he had delivered in class the previous semester. Gabrielle used the speech and presented it as her own.

False

Hearing and listening are identical.

Critical

Ian is attending a union meeting in which the union president is discussing the company's plan to decrease wages in exchange for an increase in vacation time. As Ian listens, he is trying to determine whether or not to vote for the plan. According to your textbook, Ian is engaged in ____________ listening.

It's too vague

Identify the flaw in the following central idea for a speech: "Something should be done about global warming."

It contains two unrelated ideas

Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: "To persuade my audience that Congress should ban handguns and increase spending for education."

It's expressed as a question

Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: "Why should the university raise tuition?"

sponsoring organization

If there is no clearly identified author for a document on the Internet, you should try to determine the ____________ that is responsible for the document.

biographical aid

If you need information about a specific person, you should consult a ____________ such as Who's Who, Dictionary of Hispanic Biography, Notable American Women, or Contemporary Black Biography.

False

If you need information from a newspaper such as the New York Times, you have little alternative to thumbing through back issues of the paper until you find what you need.

plagiarism

If you present another person's language or ideas as your own, you are guilty of

periodical database

If you want to find journal or magazine articles on your speech topic, you should consult a(n)

False

In most cases, statistics speak for themselves and do not require a lot of explanation when used in a speech.

a set of ethical standards or guidelines.

In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against

True

It is normal--even desirable--to be nervous at the start of a speech.

False

It is only necessary for a speaker to identify his or her source when quoting verbatim rather than when paraphrasing.

False

Listeners usually find generalizations more interesting and convincing than specific statements.

False

Listeners usually realize how tense a speaker is.

True

Listening and critical thinking are so closely allied that training in listening is also training in how to think.

Appreciative listening

Listening for pleasure or enjoyment

critical listening

Listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it

Comprehensive listening

Listening to understand the message of a speaker

attitude toward the topic

Mayor Kathleen Baldwin has been asked to address the Wakefield Community Association about the issue of constructing a swimming pool in the neighborhood. The most important factor Baldwin should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its

author, title, or keyword

Most library catalogues allow you to search for books by

False

Most successful speakers do not experience stage fright.

False

One key to successful speaking is to determine which audiences are worthy of your best efforts to communicate your ideas.

True

Procedures for conducting in-depth searches of documents on the Web vary from search aid to search aid

False

Protecting a speaker's freedom to express his or her ideas implies agreement with those ideas.

True

Public speaking and ordinary conversation are similar in that both involve adapting to listener feedback.

True

Public speaking has been taught and studied for thousands of years.

Scale questions

Questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers

statistics

Research indicates that the impact of examples is greatly enhanced when they are followed by ____________ that show the examples are typical.

False

Skilled listeners try to remember a speaker's every word.

True

Speechmaking becomes more complex as cultural diversity increases.

False; need to be specific

Surfing the World Wide Web is an excellent way to find information for your speeches.

False

Taking account of your listeners' racial, ethnic, or cultural background is an important factor in situational audience analysis.

True

The central idea for a speech should be stated as a full sentence.

False

The central idea of a speech is usually formulated before the specific purpose.

take listening seriously

The first step to improving your listening skills is to

True

The impact of an extended example often depends as much on the speaker's delivery as on the content of the example.

frame of reference

The knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes through which each listener filters a message make up the listener's

False

The larger the audience becomes, the greater is the ethical responsibility of the speaker to be fully prepared.

False

The main purpose of using statistics in a speech is to make the speech more vivid.

feedback

The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker

True

The most important task in preparing to conduct a research interview is deciding what questions to ask during the interview.

gain a desired response from listeners

The primary purpose of speechmaking is to

identification

The process of creating a bond with listeners by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences is called __________ by communication scholars.

False

When taking research notes, you should only write down information that you know you will use in your speech.

round off complicated statistics, identify the sources of your statistics, use statistics sparingly

When using statistics in a speech, you should

True

The skillful use of supporting materials is closely related to critical thinking.

mean

The term for the statistical measure popularly known as the "average"

search engines, metasearch engines, and virtual libraries

The three kinds of search aids discussed in the chapter for finding documents on the Internet are

statistics, examples, and testimony

The three kinds of supporting materials discussed in your textbook are

comprehensive listening and critical listening

The two kinds of listening most closely tied to critical thinking are

search engines and virtual libraries

The two kinds of search aids discussed in the chapter for finding documents on the Internet are

False

To improve your listening, you should think of listening as a passive process.

paraphrase

To restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words is to

gender, age, group membership, and sexual orientation

What does your textbook discuss as major factors in demographic audience analysis?

Work especially hard on your speech introduction

What does your textbook recommend as a way to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?

Visualize yourself giving a strong speech, focus on communicating rather than on being nervous, Be thoroughly prepared for each speech

What is likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?

Sojourner Truth was born into slavery, underwent a conversion experience, and became a speaker for various reform causes.

What is the central idea of a speech with the following main points: I. Isabel Baumfree was born into slavery in the state of New York during the 1790s. II. After undergoing a conversion experience and changing her name to Sojourner Truth, she began preaching during the 1840s. III. Over the next few decades, she became a celebrated speaker for various reform causes.

juggling statistics, quoting out of context, citing unusual cases as typical examples

What violates the speaker's ethical obligation to be honest in what she or he says?

paraphrases

When a speaker _____________, she restates or summarizes an author's ideas in her own words.

True

When business managers are asked to rank-order the communication skills most crucial to their jobs, they usually rank listening number one.

interest in the topic, knowledge about the topic, attitude toward the topic.

When gauging your audience's disposition toward the speech topic, you should take into account their

Persuade

When you want to change or structure the attitudes of your audience, your general purpose is to

inform

When your general purpose is to ____________, you act as a teacher or lecturer.

filtering the message through his frame of reference

While listening to a speech about gun control, Scott thought back to his experiences as an intern with the police department and decided that the speaker was knowledgeable about the subject. Scott was

True

You should never cite an article in your speech on the basis of the abstract alone

False

You should usually avoid using detailed examples because they will bore your audience

False

Your textbook recommends taking word-for-word notes as a way to improve your listening skills.

Active

__________ listeners give their undivided attention to the speaker in a genuine effort to understand her or his point of view.

preliminary bibliography

a list, compiled early in the research process, of books and articles that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic

Brainstorming

a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas

central idea

a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the main points of a speech

specific purpose statement

a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in her or his speech

brief example

a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point

example

a specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like

extended example

a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.

hypothetical example

an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation

stage fright

anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience.

interference

anything that impedes the communication of a message

Empathic listening

listening to provide emotional support for a speaker

Visualization

mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation.

Critical thinking includes

seeing the relationships among ideas, judging the credibility of statements, assessing the soundness of evidence

patchwork plagiarism

stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own is called

Ethnocentrism

the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

ethics

the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.

catalogue

the key to finding materials in the library

mode

the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers

Name-calling

the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups.

call numbers

used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves

residual message

what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech