COMM 150 Exam 2
What does screenwriter do?
(SCRIPTWRITER) GENERATES THE IDEA FOR A NARRATIVE FILM, EITHER AN ORIGINAL CONCEPT OR ADAPTATION OF A STORY, NOVEL, HISTORIC OR CURRENT EVENT.
Types of rhetorical positions in documentaries
1. EXPLORATIVE POSITIONS ANNOUNCE OR SUGGEST THAT THE FILM'S DRIVING PERSPECTIVE IS A SCIENTIFIC SEARCH INTO PARTICULAR SOCIAL, PHYCHOLOGICAL OR PHYSICAL PHENOMENA. 2. INTERROGATIVE OR ANALYTICAL POSITIONS STRUCTURE A DOCUMENTARY TO IDENTIFY A SUBJECT AS BEING UNDER INVESTIGATION. (DECLINE OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION PT. II: THE METAL YEARS) 3. PERSUASIVE POSITIONS EXPRESS A SOCIAL OR PERSONAL POSITION AND ATTEMPT TO SWAY VIEWERS TO FEEL OR SEE IN A CERTAIN WAY. (AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH) 4. REFLEXIVE OR PERFORMATIVE POSITIONS USE FILMMAKING PROCESS, PERSPECTIVE OF THE FILMMAKER TO SHAPE THE MATERIAL BEING PRESENTED.
Ways movies marketed and promoted
1. NEWSPAPER AND BILLBOARD ADVERTISEMENTS. 2. TRAILERS BEFORE MAIN FEATURE IN THEATERS, ON DVDs. 3. MOVIE WEBSITES. 4. STARS APPEARING ON TELEVISION, RADIO TALK SHOWS, MAGAZINE ARTICLES. 5. ADVANCE MOVIE REVIEWS BY MEDIA CRITICS. 6. MERCHANDISE; T-SHIRTS, CD SOUNDTRACKS, TOYS, BREAKFAST CEREALS, COLLECTIBLES. 7. GENRE DESIGNATIONS; SCI-FI, ACTION-ADVENTURE, ROMANCE, WESTERN, HORROR, ETC. 8. WORD OF MOUTH GENERATES "BUZZ" ABOUT MOVIE. 9. FAN ENGAGEMENT; MOVIES GO "VIRAL" WHEN WORD SPREADS ON SOCIAL MEDIA, TRAILERS SHARED FROM YOUTUBE, ETC.
Premiere
A RED CARPET EVENT ATTENDED BY THE FILM'S STARS THAT ATTRACTS PRESS ATTENTION.
What does agent do?
AGENTS NEGOTIATE WITH CASTING DIRECTORS AND PRODUCERS, ENLIST DIFFERENT PERSONNEL FOR MOVIES.
Direct Cinema
AMERICAN CINEMA VERITE
Ancillary Markets
ARE AVENUES BEYOND THEATERS WHERE MOVIES CAN REACH VIEWERS: TELEVISION, VIDEO, DVD, BLU-RAY, PAY-PER-VIEW, VIDEO-ON-DEMAND (VOD)
Stinger
ARE MUSICAL SOUNDS THAT FORCE VIEWERS TO NOTICE SOMETHING SIGNIFICANT ONSCREEN. (BODY FALLING OUT OF TRUCK CAB IN MAD MAX: ROAD WARRIOR CLIP)
Below-the-line expenses
ARE TECHNICAL AND MATERIAL COSTS; COSTUMES, SETS, TRANSPORTATION, TECHNICAL PERSONNEL.
Above-the-line expenses
ARE THE INITIAL COSTS OF HIRING MAJOR PERSONNEL SUCH AS DIRECTORS AND STARS.
Motif
ARE THEMES TIED TO PARTICULAR CHARACTERS.
What do foley artists do?
CREATE LIVE SOUND EFFECTS ON A FOLEY STAGE
Fictional re-creations about history
CREATES DRAMATIC DEPICTION OF ACTUAL EVENTS WITH PROPS, ACTORS, PERHAPS BLENDED WITH REAL FOOTAGE.
Cinema Verite
DEVELOPED IN FRANCE; "CINEMA TRUTH" FILMS DEPICTING DAILY LIFE AND PUBLIC EVENTS.
What does a director do?
DIRECTORS WORK WITH ACTORS TO BRING OUT DESIRED PERFORMANCES.
Ethnographic Documentaries
DOCUMENTARIES LOOK AT CULTURAL REVELATIONS, PRESENTING PEOPLES, RITUALS OR COMMUNITIES MARGINALIZED OR INVISIBLE TO MAINSTREAM CULTURE. ( CINEMA VIRITE, DIRECT CINEMA APPROACHES USED FOR THESE.)
Types of sound recorded during or after the filming of a movie?
During: Clapboard, Reflected Sound, and Direct Sound After: Sound Bridge, Automated Dialogue Replacement (ADR), and Soundtrack
Social Documentaries
EXAMINE AND PRESENT FAMILIAR AND UNFAMILIAR PEOPLES AND CULTURES AS SOCIAL ACTIVITIES.
Anthropological Films
EXPLORE DIFFERENT GLOBAL CULTURES AND PEOPLES, LIVING AND EXTINCT.
Diegetic Sound
HAS ITS SOURCE WITHIN THE NARRATIVE OF THE FILM.
Political Documentaries
INVESTIGATE AND CELEBRATE THE POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OF MEN AND WOMEN WITHIN SMALL AND LARGE SOCIAL SPHERES.
Voiceover
IS A TEXT SPOKEN BY AN OFFSCREEN NARRATOR THAT HELPS ORGANIZE FILM'S IMAGES.
Voice-off
IS A VOICE THAT IS PERCEIVED TO ORIGINATE FROM AN ON-SCREEN SPEAKER OR FROM A SPEAKER WHO IS PRESENT BUT NOT VISIBLE IN A SCENE.
Narrative Cueing
IS HOW MUSIC TELLS US WHAT IS HAPPENING IN THE PLOT.
Post-synchronous Sound
IS RECORDED AFTER THE FACT AND THEN SYNCHRONIZED WITH ONSCREEN SOURCES; OFTEN PREFERRED FOR DIALOGUE USED IN THE FINAL MIX
Direct Sound
IS SOUND CAPTURED DIRECTLY FROM ITS SOURCE.
Synchronous Sound
IS SOUND FROM A VISIBLE ONSCREEN SOURCE (ACTORS, OBJECTS, ACTION
Nondiegetic Sound
IS SOUND NOT BELONGING TO THE CHARACTERS' WORLD OR NARRATIVE
Asynchronous Sound
IS SOUND THAT ORIGINATES OFFSCREEN (VOICEOVERS, KNOCKS, OUTSIDE THUNDER, ETC.)
Sound Bridge
IS WHEN SOUND CARRIES OVER A VISUAL TRANSITION IN A FILM.
Automated Dialogue Replacement (ADR)
IS WHENACTORS RE-RECORD THEIR LINES TO BE DUBBED INTO THE SOUNDTRACK.
Saturation Booking
MASS CIRCULATION OF PREMIERES TO MASS NUMBER OF SCREENS
Acualities
NONFICTION SNAPSHOTS OF REAL PEOPLE AND EVENTS.
Parallel Sound
OCCURS WHEN SOUNDTRACK AND IMAGE "SAY THE SAME THING."
Contrapuntal Sound
OCCURS WHEN TWO DIFFERENT MEANINGS ARE IMPLIED BY SOUND AND IMAGE.
What does a producer do?
OVERSEES THE DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF PUTTING A FILM TOGETHER.
Cumulative Organization
PRESENT A CATALOG OF IMAGES OR SOUNDS THROUGHOUT THE COURSE OF THE FILM.
Contrastive Organization
PRESENT A SERIES OF CONTRASTS OR OPPOSITIONS MEANT TO INDICATE DIFFERENT POINTS OF VIEW ON A SUBJECT.
Nonfiction films
PRESENT FACTUAL DESCRIPTIONS OF ACTUAL EVENTS, PERSONS OR PLACES.
Historical Documentaries
RECOVER AND REPRESENT EVENTS OR FIGURES IN HISTORY
Platforming
RELEASING A FILM IN GRADUALLY WIDENING MARKETS TO BUILD ITS REPUTATION AND MOMENTUM THROUGH REVIEWS AND WORD OF MOUTH.
Personal (Subjective) Documentaries
RESEMBLE AUTOBIOGRAPHIES OR DIARIES (LIFE ON FOUR STRINGS).
What does scout do?
SCOUTS DETERMINE PLACES THAT PROVIDE THE MOST SUITABLE ENVIRONMENT FOR DIFFERENT MOVIE SCENES; ASK QUESTIONS.
Developmental Organization
SHOW PROGRESSION OR PATTERN FOR PLACES, INDIVIDUALS OR EXPERIENCES TO ILLUSTRATE CHANGE OR GROWTH.
Reflected Sound
SOUND IS SOUND CAPTURED AS SOUNDS BOUNCE FROM WALLS AND SETS; PROVIDES SENSE OF SPACE.
Topicals
SUGGESTED CULTURAL, HISTORICAL OR POLITICAL RELEVANCE SIMILAR TO NEWSPAPERS; REPRESENTED "NEWSWORTHY" EVENTS.
Some early developments in documentary
THE VERY FIRST MOVIES IN 1895 WERE ACTUALITIES 1. MOST FAMOUS WAS LOUIS AND AUGUSTE LUMIERE'S "WORKERS LEAVING THE LUMIERE FACTORY." 2. SCENICS WERE SHORT DEPICTIONS OF NATURE OR FOREIGN LANDS. 3. TOPICALS SUGGESTED CULTURAL, HISTORICAL OR POLITICAL RELEVANCE SIMILAR TO NEWSPAPERS; REPRESENTED "NEWSWORTHY" EVENTS.
Venues movies are distributed for public consumption
THEATERS, VIDEO STORES, BROADCAST AND CABLE TELEVISION, INTERNET STREAMING, VIDEO-ON-DEMAND, LIBRARIES AND CLASSROOMS.
Mockumentaries
USE DOCUMENTARY STYLE AND STRUCTURE TO LAMPOON REALITY. (THIS IS SPINAL TAP, BORAT)
Block booking
WAS EARLY STRATEGY WHERE THEATERS/EXHIBITORS WERE REQUIRED TO SHOW CHEAPER, LESS DESIRABLE FILMS AS A CONDITION OF BOOKING STAR-STUDDED MAJOR FILMS; OUTLAWED IN 1948.
Scenics
WERE SHORT DEPICTIONS OF NATURE OR FOREIGN LANDS.
Mickey-mousing
WHEN MUSICAL SCORE MIMICS EVERY ACTION ONSCREEN, LIKE A CARTOON.
Ways music coordinate with action on the movie screen
a. (FAST-PACED MUSIC FOR CHASE SCENES, TRANQUIL MUSIC FOR ROMANTIC OR SOMBER SCENES) b. FILMS ADHERING TO VERISIMILITUDE WILL USE SOUND TO AMPLIFY WHAT IS HAPPENING ON THE SCREEN.