COMM 150 Exam 2

What does screenwriter do?

(SCRIPTWRITER) GENERATES THE IDEA FOR A NARRATIVE FILM, EITHER AN ORIGINAL CONCEPT OR ADAPTATION OF A STORY, NOVEL, HISTORIC OR CURRENT EVENT.

Types of rhetorical positions in documentaries

1. EXPLORATIVE POSITIONS ANNOUNCE OR SUGGEST THAT THE FILM'S DRIVING PERSPECTIVE IS A SCIENTIFIC SEARCH INTO PARTICULAR SOCIAL, PHYCHOLOGICAL OR PHYSICAL PHENOMENA. 2. INTERROGATIVE OR ANALYTICAL POSITIONS STRUCTURE A DOCUMENTARY TO IDENTIFY A SUBJECT AS BEING UNDER INVESTIGATION. (DECLINE OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION PT. II: THE METAL YEARS) 3. PERSUASIVE POSITIONS EXPRESS A SOCIAL OR PERSONAL POSITION AND ATTEMPT TO SWAY VIEWERS TO FEEL OR SEE IN A CERTAIN WAY. (AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH) 4. REFLEXIVE OR PERFORMATIVE POSITIONS USE FILMMAKING PROCESS, PERSPECTIVE OF THE FILMMAKER TO SHAPE THE MATERIAL BEING PRESENTED.

Ways movies marketed and promoted

1. NEWSPAPER AND BILLBOARD ADVERTISEMENTS. 2. TRAILERS BEFORE MAIN FEATURE IN THEATERS, ON DVDs. 3. MOVIE WEBSITES. 4. STARS APPEARING ON TELEVISION, RADIO TALK SHOWS, MAGAZINE ARTICLES. 5. ADVANCE MOVIE REVIEWS BY MEDIA CRITICS. 6. MERCHANDISE; T-SHIRTS, CD SOUNDTRACKS, TOYS, BREAKFAST CEREALS, COLLECTIBLES. 7. GENRE DESIGNATIONS; SCI-FI, ACTION-ADVENTURE, ROMANCE, WESTERN, HORROR, ETC. 8. WORD OF MOUTH GENERATES "BUZZ" ABOUT MOVIE. 9. FAN ENGAGEMENT; MOVIES GO "VIRAL" WHEN WORD SPREADS ON SOCIAL MEDIA, TRAILERS SHARED FROM YOUTUBE, ETC.

Premiere

A RED CARPET EVENT ATTENDED BY THE FILM'S STARS THAT ATTRACTS PRESS ATTENTION.

What does agent do?

AGENTS NEGOTIATE WITH CASTING DIRECTORS AND PRODUCERS, ENLIST DIFFERENT PERSONNEL FOR MOVIES.

Direct Cinema

AMERICAN CINEMA VERITE

Ancillary Markets

ARE AVENUES BEYOND THEATERS WHERE MOVIES CAN REACH VIEWERS: TELEVISION, VIDEO, DVD, BLU-RAY, PAY-PER-VIEW, VIDEO-ON-DEMAND (VOD)

Stinger

ARE MUSICAL SOUNDS THAT FORCE VIEWERS TO NOTICE SOMETHING SIGNIFICANT ONSCREEN. (BODY FALLING OUT OF TRUCK CAB IN MAD MAX: ROAD WARRIOR CLIP)

Below-the-line expenses

ARE TECHNICAL AND MATERIAL COSTS; COSTUMES, SETS, TRANSPORTATION, TECHNICAL PERSONNEL.

Above-the-line expenses

ARE THE INITIAL COSTS OF HIRING MAJOR PERSONNEL SUCH AS DIRECTORS AND STARS.

Motif

ARE THEMES TIED TO PARTICULAR CHARACTERS.

What do foley artists do?

CREATE LIVE SOUND EFFECTS ON A FOLEY STAGE

Fictional re-creations about history

CREATES DRAMATIC DEPICTION OF ACTUAL EVENTS WITH PROPS, ACTORS, PERHAPS BLENDED WITH REAL FOOTAGE.

Cinema Verite

DEVELOPED IN FRANCE; "CINEMA TRUTH" FILMS DEPICTING DAILY LIFE AND PUBLIC EVENTS.

What does a director do?

DIRECTORS WORK WITH ACTORS TO BRING OUT DESIRED PERFORMANCES.

Ethnographic Documentaries

DOCUMENTARIES LOOK AT CULTURAL REVELATIONS, PRESENTING PEOPLES, RITUALS OR COMMUNITIES MARGINALIZED OR INVISIBLE TO MAINSTREAM CULTURE. ( CINEMA VIRITE, DIRECT CINEMA APPROACHES USED FOR THESE.)

Types of sound recorded during or after the filming of a movie?

During: Clapboard, Reflected Sound, and Direct Sound After: Sound Bridge, Automated Dialogue Replacement (ADR), and Soundtrack

Social Documentaries

EXAMINE AND PRESENT FAMILIAR AND UNFAMILIAR PEOPLES AND CULTURES AS SOCIAL ACTIVITIES.

Anthropological Films

EXPLORE DIFFERENT GLOBAL CULTURES AND PEOPLES, LIVING AND EXTINCT.

Diegetic Sound

HAS ITS SOURCE WITHIN THE NARRATIVE OF THE FILM.

Political Documentaries

INVESTIGATE AND CELEBRATE THE POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OF MEN AND WOMEN WITHIN SMALL AND LARGE SOCIAL SPHERES.

Voiceover

IS A TEXT SPOKEN BY AN OFFSCREEN NARRATOR THAT HELPS ORGANIZE FILM'S IMAGES.

Voice-off

IS A VOICE THAT IS PERCEIVED TO ORIGINATE FROM AN ON-SCREEN SPEAKER OR FROM A SPEAKER WHO IS PRESENT BUT NOT VISIBLE IN A SCENE.

Narrative Cueing

IS HOW MUSIC TELLS US WHAT IS HAPPENING IN THE PLOT.

Post-synchronous Sound

IS RECORDED AFTER THE FACT AND THEN SYNCHRONIZED WITH ONSCREEN SOURCES; OFTEN PREFERRED FOR DIALOGUE USED IN THE FINAL MIX

Direct Sound

IS SOUND CAPTURED DIRECTLY FROM ITS SOURCE.

Synchronous Sound

IS SOUND FROM A VISIBLE ONSCREEN SOURCE (ACTORS, OBJECTS, ACTION

Nondiegetic Sound

IS SOUND NOT BELONGING TO THE CHARACTERS' WORLD OR NARRATIVE

Asynchronous Sound

IS SOUND THAT ORIGINATES OFFSCREEN (VOICEOVERS, KNOCKS, OUTSIDE THUNDER, ETC.)

Sound Bridge

IS WHEN SOUND CARRIES OVER A VISUAL TRANSITION IN A FILM.

Automated Dialogue Replacement (ADR)

IS WHENACTORS RE-RECORD THEIR LINES TO BE DUBBED INTO THE SOUNDTRACK.

Saturation Booking

MASS CIRCULATION OF PREMIERES TO MASS NUMBER OF SCREENS

Acualities

NONFICTION SNAPSHOTS OF REAL PEOPLE AND EVENTS.

Parallel Sound

OCCURS WHEN SOUNDTRACK AND IMAGE "SAY THE SAME THING."

Contrapuntal Sound

OCCURS WHEN TWO DIFFERENT MEANINGS ARE IMPLIED BY SOUND AND IMAGE.

What does a producer do?

OVERSEES THE DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF PUTTING A FILM TOGETHER.

Cumulative Organization

PRESENT A CATALOG OF IMAGES OR SOUNDS THROUGHOUT THE COURSE OF THE FILM.

Contrastive Organization

PRESENT A SERIES OF CONTRASTS OR OPPOSITIONS MEANT TO INDICATE DIFFERENT POINTS OF VIEW ON A SUBJECT.

Nonfiction films

PRESENT FACTUAL DESCRIPTIONS OF ACTUAL EVENTS, PERSONS OR PLACES.

Historical Documentaries

RECOVER AND REPRESENT EVENTS OR FIGURES IN HISTORY

Platforming

RELEASING A FILM IN GRADUALLY WIDENING MARKETS TO BUILD ITS REPUTATION AND MOMENTUM THROUGH REVIEWS AND WORD OF MOUTH.

Personal (Subjective) Documentaries

RESEMBLE AUTOBIOGRAPHIES OR DIARIES (LIFE ON FOUR STRINGS).

What does scout do?

SCOUTS DETERMINE PLACES THAT PROVIDE THE MOST SUITABLE ENVIRONMENT FOR DIFFERENT MOVIE SCENES; ASK QUESTIONS.

Developmental Organization

SHOW PROGRESSION OR PATTERN FOR PLACES, INDIVIDUALS OR EXPERIENCES TO ILLUSTRATE CHANGE OR GROWTH.

Reflected Sound

SOUND IS SOUND CAPTURED AS SOUNDS BOUNCE FROM WALLS AND SETS; PROVIDES SENSE OF SPACE.

Topicals

SUGGESTED CULTURAL, HISTORICAL OR POLITICAL RELEVANCE SIMILAR TO NEWSPAPERS; REPRESENTED "NEWSWORTHY" EVENTS.

Some early developments in documentary

THE VERY FIRST MOVIES IN 1895 WERE ACTUALITIES 1. MOST FAMOUS WAS LOUIS AND AUGUSTE LUMIERE'S "WORKERS LEAVING THE LUMIERE FACTORY." 2. SCENICS WERE SHORT DEPICTIONS OF NATURE OR FOREIGN LANDS. 3. TOPICALS SUGGESTED CULTURAL, HISTORICAL OR POLITICAL RELEVANCE SIMILAR TO NEWSPAPERS; REPRESENTED "NEWSWORTHY" EVENTS.

Venues movies are distributed for public consumption

THEATERS, VIDEO STORES, BROADCAST AND CABLE TELEVISION, INTERNET STREAMING, VIDEO-ON-DEMAND, LIBRARIES AND CLASSROOMS.

Mockumentaries

USE DOCUMENTARY STYLE AND STRUCTURE TO LAMPOON REALITY. (THIS IS SPINAL TAP, BORAT)

Block booking

WAS EARLY STRATEGY WHERE THEATERS/EXHIBITORS WERE REQUIRED TO SHOW CHEAPER, LESS DESIRABLE FILMS AS A CONDITION OF BOOKING STAR-STUDDED MAJOR FILMS; OUTLAWED IN 1948.

Scenics

WERE SHORT DEPICTIONS OF NATURE OR FOREIGN LANDS.

Mickey-mousing

WHEN MUSICAL SCORE MIMICS EVERY ACTION ONSCREEN, LIKE A CARTOON.

Ways music coordinate with action on the movie screen

a. (FAST-PACED MUSIC FOR CHASE SCENES, TRANQUIL MUSIC FOR ROMANTIC OR SOMBER SCENES) b. FILMS ADHERING TO VERISIMILITUDE WILL USE SOUND TO AMPLIFY WHAT IS HAPPENING ON THE SCREEN.