COMM 168 Exam 2

What photo(s) did Dorothea Lange capture in California?

"Migrant Mother"

A criticism of cable news shows panels is that they:

both of these

According to Jaron Lanier, what is "data dignity"?

both of these

How can "objectivity" in journalism be defined?

both of these

What is a "pundit"?

both of these

Which is true regarding media owners/publishers of the 19th century?

both of these

Why has talk radio become so popular?

both of these

"News deserts" are defined as only rural areas that do not have at least one local newspaper.

false

According to Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook sees itself as an editor of user content.

false

Podcasts are often a mix of:

information and entertainment

"Move fast and break things" was a popular slogan when Facebook first started, according to the Frontline documentary.

true

An early hope for Internet technologies would be that they would be the "great equalizers," i.e. democratize information.

true

Early photography required people to remain motionless for periods of time.

true

Forcing local news anchors to read a script can be construed as problematic in terms of press freedom and independence.

true

Margaret Bourke-White worked for Life Magazine and traveled the world as a photojournalist.

true

News media can mobilize communities by providing coverage that facilitates solutions to societal problems and addresses community concerns.

true

News wire services, such as Reuters, had early success by quickly moving to digitized content that they could sell to online aggregators.

true

One of the purposes of the Digital Transition and Public Safety Act was to facilitate the switch from analog broadcast television to digital.

true

One reason for not allowing cameras in courtrooms is that juries may be distracted.

true

One solution to reversing the trend of the closures of local commercial news organizations may be to have public media focus more programming on local news issues.

true

Social media played key roles in the rise of the 2011 Arab Spring.

true

On what did the documentary "The Facebook Dilemma" say Facebook's business model was fundamentally based?

Getting as much personal data from users as possible

The "Facebook Dilemma" FRONTLINE documentary asks:

Has Facebook been more harmful than helpful for U.S. democracy?

What did the sinking of the Titanic in 1912 have to do with broadcast regulation?

It accelerated the process of U.S. government regulation of the electromagnetic spectrum and its frequencies.

What sets apart the concept of Web 2.0 from the original Internet?

It is much more collaborative, emphasizes a participatory culture and user-generated content.

Highly commercial business models, little critical analysis of issues before publication, providing content that does not educate the public, and not facilitating a public interest in becoming more informed are criticisms of which normative function of U.S. news media?

Providing truthful, important information to citizens of a democracy

Which is a criticism of investigative journalism in the United States?

Pseudo investigations can exhaust public attention and divert from real issues

What is native advertising?

Sponsored content that appears like news content on a news website

What were the penny press newspapers of the 19th century?

Tabloid-style, cheap newspapers that became popular with the growing working and middle classes.

How has the COVID pandemic impacted photojournalists?

both of these

What does the quote "the media do not tell us what to think but are stunningly successful in telling us what to think about" mean?

both of these

What is the "scarcity rationale"?

both of these

Which is true of an editorial?

both of these

Which is true of radio and television station coverage of local news?

both of these

Recent trends indicate the FCC is further _____________ broadcast industries.

deregulating

According to recent polling, local news is not an important source of information for Americans.

false

Digital formats make it even easier for audiences to tell the differences among opinion, advocacy and news.

false

Direct, opinionated political commentary is a new phenomenon that began in the late 1990s, and only came to be because of cable news networks and the 24/7 news cycle.

false

Facebook is legally responsible for the content that people post on their pages.

false

Facebook owner, Mark Zuckerberg, immediately acknowledged Facebook's impact in the spread of misinformation during the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

false

Facebook was a tool that resulted in multiple dictatorships being overthrown and democratic regimes installed during the Arab Spring, especially in places like Egypt.

false

Investigative journalism is one of the safest forms of journalism to practice, in the United States and elsewhere.

false

Investigative journalism is only practiced in the United States.

false

Investors are increasingly seeing the purchase of local television stations as a bad business deal.

false

It's clear that social media are always a positive force for democratic quality.

false

Journalism corporations and industries have not been impacted by the growth and popularity of social media.

false

Journalists may use other people's content from their social media feeds without asking permission because once it's published online, it's freely available.

false

Most Americans can tell the difference between news reporting and opinion pieces.

false

Most of the programming for U.S. radio and television stations focuses on local news, personalities and events.

false

National news organizations do not cover local news.

false

On Facebook, factual news spreads faster than misinformation.

false

Pennsylvania allows cameras in the majority of its state courts.

false

Public radio and podcast producers have found that they share the same audience and markets, and so don't need to spend time marketing content to new audiences.

false

The FCC may fine a station that broadcasts a hoax, even if no harm is actually caused by the hoax.

false

The FCC strictly monitors broadcasters for any content that is considered "news distortion," and often issues fines.

false

U.S. investigative journalism began in the 1960s and 1970s.

false

U.S. investigative journalism units are located only in commercial news media organizations.

false

With the Red Lion v. FCC (1969) case, the Supreme Court unanimously struck down the constitutionality of the "Fairness Doctrine."

false

How can investigative journalism focused on politics be seen as non-partisan?

neither of these

How is photojournalism different from photography?

none of these

How was the standard of objectivity in journalism developed?

none of these

What does the agenda setting function of the press represent?

none of these

What is an argument for not allowing cameras in a courtroom?

none of these

Which is a responsibility of the FCC?

set limits on the number of broadcast stations one entity can own

What is a digital news product that is generally highly visual and also shorter in length?

short digital video segments

"Over-the-top" is a term referring to delivery of television and film content over the Internet, rather than through subscription services such as cable.

true

According to the FCC, broadcasters are primarily responsible for selecting the material they air.

true

According to the FRONTLINE documentary, Donald Trump's campaign spent $100 million using micro-targeted advertising on Facebook.

true

Increasing news literacy education may be one way to help U.S. audiences discern fact from opinion and news from commentary.

true

Investigations that are national in scope tend to get more public attention than local stories.

true

Investigative journalism is considered a niche, and not one of the most practiced forms of journalism in the United States.

true

Journalists can be both content creators and content curators.

true

Local television remains a profitable sector for investments; owning many stations can mean potential political power and influence.

true

Some argue that social media are the true threat to democracy, while others say they are just the latest technologies.

true

Some experts have suggested changing the Public Broadcasting Act to mandate that public television and radio stations must provide more local news programming.

true

Some of the best investigations are collaborative in nature, such as the team that broke the Panama Papers stories.

true

The advent of smaller, cheaper cameras meant more people had access to them and could take photos.

true

When local news outlets close, this is problematic in terms of the "marketplace of ideas" function that media are supposed to provide.

true

With more accessible smartphone technologies and increasing availability of digital media, more people could become citizen journalists.

true

What are some measures local news organizations are taking in order to survive?

All of these

What small country produced excess misinformation on Facebook during the 2016 U.S. Presidential campaign, according to the FRONTLINE documentary, "The Facebook Dilemma"?

Macedonia

What are "ghost papers"?

News organizations that have had their resources reduced so much that they are unable to produce much news content

What was an early pressure on U.S. print and broadcast news media to adopt an online presence?

The emergence of commercial web browsers

A good definition of investigative journalism is:

To uncover something that someone wants to be kept secret

Other countries, including the Philippines, have reported issues regarding the spread of political misinformation on Facebook, according to the Frontline documentary.

True

Digital media are:

all of these

Hoaxes and broadcasting false information are prohibited when:

all of these

In a democracy, a free press should:

all of these

In recent years, regulations are changing regarding:

all of these

The watchdog function of the press has also be referred to as:

all of these

What are some constraints on the practice of investigative journalism in the United States?

all of these

What influenced the development of the U.S. news media system?

all of these

What is a reason podcasts are so popular?

all of these

What kinds of things do investigative journalists need to develop their stories?

all of these

What led to the adoptation of objectivity as a U.S. journalistic standard?

all of these

What sets investigative journalism from other forms of news gathering activities?

all of these

What were some pressures on traditional print and broadcast media at the start of the digital/Information Age?

all of these

Who was Henry Luce?

all of these

Who was a famous wartime photojournalist in the 20th century?

all of these

Why are photography and video so influential in journalism?

all of these