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Self fulfilling prophecy

when we internalize others expectations or judgements about us and then behave in ways that are consistent with their judgements

Understand the relationship between language and culture

- Culture values that common sayings express -communication also changes culture -naming things in ways that alter understandings -language is a primary tool that social movements use to change cultural life and meanings

Know the self serving bias

-Bias towards ourselves and interests -some people tend to construct attributions that serve our personal interests

know who makes up the category of particular others

-specific people who are important in our lives -family members and caregivers -peers, teachers, friends, coach, romantic partners, coworkers and other individuals who are especially important in our lives

know the 3 tendents of interpersonal needs theory

1. affection: desire to give and recieve love 2. Inclusion: the desire to be social and to be concluded in groups 3. control: desire to influence the events and people in our life

Guidelines for improving perception and communication

1. all perceptions are partial and subjective 2. we cannot perceive everything 3. shaped by our physiology, cultural standpoint, social, cognitive abilities, personal experiences

personal media and personal identity

1. importance of social media in providing us with directions and reflected appraisals. 2. social media are also key sources for social comparisons. 3. social media are platforms for skilled facework.

Know the structure/levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs

1. physical needs for survival (air, food, sex) 2. safety and protection needs (shelter) 3. belonging needs (inclusion) 4. self esteem needs (respect) 5. self actualization needs (most abstract)

Be able to identify communication principles

1. we cannot NOT commuicate 2. Interpersonal communication is irreversible 3. involves ethical choices 4. people construct meanings in interpersonal communication 5. Metacommunication affects meanings 6. Interpersonal communication develops and sustains relationships. 7. Interpersonal communication is not a panacea- cannot solve all problems 8. Effectiveness can be learned.

Family members is what influence

1st major influence on how we see ourselves

Risks of self disclosure

Others will not accept what we reveal or may reject us -might use information we dispose against us -can hurt others

Regulative rules

Specify when, where, who to talk about certain things. ie: no arguing at the dinner table

Understand the definition of speech communities

This exists when people share norms about how to talk and what purpose it serves. -arise out of social location tend to develop shared understandings of communication. -share perspectives on communication that outsiders do not have

Abstract language

Words are not the things they represent, they are just words. -words can move farther and farther away from the original meaning. -gay, dope, sick, killer, etc

Prototype

clearest most representative example of some category a best friend is a prototype friend

direct definition

communication that tells us explicitly who we are by labeling us and our behaviors - family members, peers, teachers -can boost or impair children's self esteem

Be able to identify the fundamental attribution error

dimension of locus (very common) -we tend to overestimate the internal causes of others undesirable behaviors while underestimating the external causes. -conversely we are likely to underestimate the internal causes of our own misdeeds and failures and overestimate the external causes

mothers

essential to child development

know reflected appraisal differences between fathers/mothers

fathers: 1. encourage children what they perceive to be gender appropriate behaviors. 2. fostering more independence. 3. aggression in sons. 4. challenge children to achieve. 5. take initiative. 6. tolerate risks.

Definition of interpersonal communication

selective, systematic process that allows people to reflect and build personal knowledge of another and create shared meaning.

Cognitively complex

the number of personal constructs used how abstract they are and how elaborately they interact to shape perceptions. -children are far less cognitively complex than adults. -how we understand situations