Comm 2107 Final Exam

European mothers were more likely than African American mothers to characterize adolescent daughters as "best friends".​

False

In a conflict situation, it is most important to focus on the content level of meaning rather than the relationship level of meaning.

False

The self-serving bias is found in all cultures around the world

False

Unlike other relationships, dual perspective is unimportant in communication between friends

False

Unlike verbal communication nonverbal communication is unintentional

False

While men and boys are criticized for breaking away from gender stereotypes, women and girls are usually praised for being assertive and competitive

False

​It is nearly impossible to tell is someone is pseudo-listening because they rarely give themselves away.

False

Which primary expectation of friendship seems to be universal?

Trust

Information that we know about ourselves but choose not to reveal to most others is found in which area of the Johari Window

Hidden

Qualities that set committed romantic relationships apart from other close relationships include:

assumed permanance

Edwina feels a knot in her stomach when she received a low grade on her exam. She noticed the knot and thought it constituted evidence of anxiety. This situation illustrates

the cognitive labeling view of emotions

Disability refers to what?

the functional limitations one experiences as the result of an impairment

The tendency to overestimate the internal causes and underestimate the external causes of others' undesirable behaviors is part of

the fundamental attribution error

For the most part, we're not conscious of the rules that guide how, when, where, and with whom we communicate about various things.

True

In some cultures, kisses on both cheeks are the standard mode of greeting and bidding goodbye to business contacts

True

In the intensifying communication stage, romantic partners see one another as exciting and wonderful.​

True

It is common to feel multiple emotions at the same time

True

Marriage is occurring later in life now than it used to.

True

Repetition, mnemonics, and regrouping are all ways to help us remember what we hear.

True

Silence is considered a form of nonverbal communication

True

Speech communities are not necessarily defined by geographic locations and boundaries

True

The content meaning of an utterance is the literal, denotative meaning

True

Emotional intelligence is the ability to listen supportively when other people share their feelings

False

Our increasing engagement with social media has increased our listening effectiveness.

False

Race is no longer a consequential aspect of identity in America today.

False

Which kind of love is practical love?

pragma

The counterpoint to control is

problem orientation

Lack of conflict is the biggest indicator of a healthy relationship

False

All of the following are guidelines for improving self-concept EXCEPT:

Avoid self-disclosure

Self-actualization is the need that humans generally try to address first

False

Communication about communication is:

Metacommunication

Cosmetic surgery and eating disorders are associated with ________, one type of nonverbal behavior.

Physical appearance

"A good education is the key to success" is an example of an identity script

True

A majority of lesbian couples create more egalitarian relationships than do either heterosexuals or gay men.

True

​A key foundation for improving your self-concept is

accepting the self as in process and able to change

Which type of nonlistening actually involves listening very carefully to a message?

ambushing

​Verbal communication and nonverbal communication are similar in all of the following respects EXCEPT:

both are perceived as equally believable

Ethnocentrism is one form of ________ communication.​

certainty

"I really know a lot more about this than you do, so you should listen to me." This comment is an example of communication that

claims superiority of the speaker

During an argument about money, Desi says, "Well, if you hadn't wrecked the car, it wouldn't need repairs and money wouldn't be a problem." Consuela replies, "Yeah, and if you had been home when you said you'd be, I wouldn't have driven that day." Desi and Consuela are engaging in what conflict pattern?

cross-complaining

As after taking cooking lessons, Thelma bakes a cake for her friend Louise's birthday. When Louise sees the cake, she says, "Wow, that's so sweet. My mom always made a special cake for my birthday, and she would decorate it so elaborately." Thelma angrily replies, "Well I'm sorry that I didn't decorate the cake extravagantly. I guess I still have a lot to learn about cooking." Thelma's response illustrates

defensive listening

All of the following are forms of unproductive communication EXCEPT:

dual perspective

Three dimensions of committed romantic relationships are

intimacy, commitment, and passion

​Listening—or trying to listen—takes up at least ________ of most people's waking time.

1/2

Direct definitions are important because they boost, rather than impair, a child's self-esteem.

False

________states that people apply economic principles to evaluate their relationships.

Social exchange theory

​Unlike most relationships, friendships

are voluntary

Which of the following is NOT a constitutive rule of communication?

Business emails must be responded to within 24 hours

Gerda is really upset and she feels like throwing a temper tantrum, even though she's twenty years old. Disregarding the social inappropriateness of her behavior, Gerda beats a door and then kicks it while in a public area. In this instance, Gerda's behavior was motivated by which aspect of herself?

I

Concerning the typical life cycle of families with children, the fifth stage is usually:

Launching children

A personal construct is a "mental yardstick" we use to measure a person or situation along with a bipolar dimension of judgment

True

Americans have historically seen raising children as a primary objective of marriage, but it is no longer seen as the only goal of marriage.​

True

Commitment is a decision to remain in a relationship rather than a feeling

True

Communication researchers report that evaluative communication evokes defensiveness

True

Diverse cultural backgrounds may create misunderstandings that strain friendships.

True

Engaging in dual perspective allows us to understand how someone else thinks and feels

True

Environmental factors such as architecture, room design, and color scheme affect how we feel and act

True

Non-disabled people are not obligated to "take care of" people with disabilities

True

Recent research shows that we can override the draw of noisy or novel stimuli

True

The most difficult and most important thing for developing and maintaining a healthy identity is to make a commitment to personal growth.

True

Unrealistic expectations about spending time together is one of the greatest problems that people in long-distance romantic relationships face.​

True

We use stereotypes to make predictions about people and situations

True

When people become friends, the touchstone of that stage is the assumption of continuity

True

​Physiological noise is distraction caused by hunger, fatigue, headaches, medications, and other factors that affect how we feel and think.

True

Specific communication behaviors that contribute to unproductive interpersonal conflict include all of the following EXCEPT:

asking questions for clarification

Desi and Consuela are arguing about how to spend the tax refund they received. He says they should get the car fixed; she says they should first go on a vacation; he then suggests they fix the car and use any money left to vacation; she suggests they sell the car and be rid of the problem. Desi and Consuela are engaging in which pattern of unproductive conflict?

counterproposals

Individuals who are more are better able to integrate new information about others and situations

empathic

A process by which you learn the culture into which you are born is known as

enculturation

Studies on ________ show that people spend more time eating, eat less, and rate food more highly in a fine dining situation.

environmental factors

Each of the following are Japanese styles of business negotiation EXCEPT

explicitly expressing disagreement

According to the cognitive labeling view of emotions, what occurs first?

external event

Morgan does not want to take chemistry, because he knows he will fail the class even before taking the course. In addition, he believes that if he takes the course, he won't make any friends in the class. Morgan is suffering from which fallacy?​

fear of catastrophic expectations

A person who is blind that doesn't have print materials available in alternate media has a ________________.

handicap

Members of _____________ cultures spend lots of time getting to know each other interpersonally and socially before any important transactions take place.

high-context

​As the meeting stretches to three hours, Julie starts to experience a listening obstacle that involves fatigue, hunger, and having trouble summoning the energy needed to listen closely. This is an example of:

lack of effort

In which stage do partners typically engage in contracting?

later

The clearest indication that a friendship is in the waning stage is:

less quality and quantity of communication

All of the following are conflict management skills EXCEPT

looking for points of disagreement

Substantial research shows that women and minorities take up less space than white men in Western society. This is related to which aspect of nonverbal communication?

proxemics

As a rule, women assume most of the ________, which involves remembering, planning, and scheduling family life.

psychological responsibility

According to the process of human perception, the selection process includes wall of the following EXCEPT

rational judgement

The most basic form of confirmation in interpersonal communication is:​

recognizing another person exsists

Some couples have a rule that prohibits the adults from arguing in front of their children. This requirement is a rule

regulative rule

A cornerstone of effective interpersonal communication skills is

respecting what others say about what they feel and think

​Jenna believes that she doesn't have an aptitude for statistics, so doesn't put much effort into her statistics class. She performs poorly in the class, supporting her initial belief. This is an example of a(n):

self-fulfilling prophecy

When working with someone is is blind or visually impaired, you should

speak to the person in a normal tone of voice

A point of view shaped by political awareness of the social location of a group is known as

standpoint

Charles says, "I would never join a fraternity. All fraternities do is party." Charles' statement is an example of a(n):

stereotype

A comfortable, even-keeled kind of love based on friendship and compatibility is:

storge

All of the following are forms of confirming communication EXCEPT:

strategy

In low power distance cultures

students are expected to demonstrate their knowledge of the subject and may on occasion question the instructor

According to Braithwaite et al., which type of voluntary kin fulfills desires and needs not met by biological and legal family?

supplemental family

Don and Makiko Smith have been married for five years. They are a highly interdependent couple, are very emotionally expressive with each other, and have conventional views of marriage and family life. The Smiths would be best categorized as which of Fitzpatrick's marital types?

traditionals

In relation to culture, meanings exist not in ____________ but in _____________.

words, people

One indication that a friendship is in the nascent stage is that participants:

work out private rules for interacting

The American with Disabilities Act was passed in what year?

1990

Who were the first to use the term "white" to describe a racial group in the area that is now the United States?

Europeans when they colonized the US

Bracketing involves interrupting in order to get clarification during conflict

False

Communication does not reflect cultural values and perspectives.

False

Effective listening is easy, relaxing, and requires little effort on the part of the listener.

False

Raul came to the United States from Mexico three months ago and he is still having trouble understanding Americans' tendency to rush all the time. He is also surprised when his teachers are irritated if he joins class a while after class has started. Raul's confusion about American pace of life is based on which aspect of nonverbal behavior?

chronemics

Culture is passed on from generation to the other through

communication

Mari and her partner respond to the tension in their relationship by deciding to spend part of the weekend together and part of it engaged in separate activities in order to balance their needs for autonomy and connection. This response to relational dialectics is called:​

neutralization

According to the cognitive labeling view of emotions, what occurs second?

physiological response

​It is estimated that nonverbal communication accounts for what percentage of the total meaning in interpersonal communication?

65-93%

"One day, I won't have to worry about being single. One day, I'll be married." These statements illustrate how symbols allow for:

Hypothetical thought

​Which model of communication views communication as flowing only in one direction, from sender to receiver?

Linear

Which type of nonlistening involves listening only for content and ignoring the relationship level of meaning?

Literal listening

According to Mead, because of the ________, we can set goals for becoming the person we want to be.

Me

​Zach says to his friend, "I meant that as a sarcastic remark, not as a comment on you at all." Zach's statement is an example of

Metacommunication

When communicating with a person with a disability, all of the following are generally accepted guidelines EXCEPT:

Provide assistance without asking

Mariko used so much jargon in her presentation that most people in the audience couldn't understand her. This is an example of what kind of noise?

Semantic

If you show your love for a family member by doing chores without being asked, which love language do you rely on?​

Service

Mike was responsible for taking care of his two younger siblings while Mike was growing up. As an adult, he is more nurturing and more attentive to others' needs than most of his male peers. Mike's greater care-giving inclination is best explained by his:

Standpoint

Of her marriage Myra says, "It wasn't like we ever really fell in love. It was more like we grew together kind of gradually. I think of my husband as my best friend." Myra seems to have which style of loving?​

Storge

Which statement provides good advice for listening supportively to someone who is sharing emotions?

Use paraphrasing to show that you understand how the other person feels

What is one difference between virtual and face-to-face friendships?

Virtual friendships are less personal

Tabitha wants some time alone because she feels a need to get in touch with herself as an individual. However, her partner wants them to spend as much time together as possible. The tension in this example illustrates the ________ relational dialectic.​

autonomy/connection

According to the perceptual view of emotions, what occurs second?

perception of event

The resurrection process of relationship deterioration involves all of the following EXCEPT:

the partners attempt to restore the deteriorating relationship

Recently, scholars' tracking of adolescent girls' bullying shows that many young girls engage in social aggression toward other boys, and they do so using distinctly feminine rules for expressing aggression.​

False

Since there are no formal standards for friendships, there are also no consistent ideas for what counts as a friend or patterns of interaction between friends.

False

Social media has had several positive effects on romantic relationships and no known negative effects at this time.

False

Supporting a friend primarily involves saying nice things in order to make him or her feel better rather than giving honest opinions.

False

The cognitive labeling view of emotions regards emotions as instinctual responses to external stimuli.

False

The costs of poor listening in the workplace are minimal

False

The majority of our interactions involve I-it communication

False

Men tend to prefer offering advice about problems while women tend to prefer offering empathy before trying to help solve the problem.

True

Women are more jealous of a partner's emotional investment in another relationship whereas men are more jealous of a partner's sexual infidelity.

True

​The transactional model of interpersonal communication emphasizes the dynamism of interpersonal communication and the multiple roles people assume during the process.

True