Comm 2107 Final Exam
European mothers were more likely than African American mothers to characterize adolescent daughters as "best friends".
False
In a conflict situation, it is most important to focus on the content level of meaning rather than the relationship level of meaning.
False
The self-serving bias is found in all cultures around the world
False
Unlike other relationships, dual perspective is unimportant in communication between friends
False
Unlike verbal communication nonverbal communication is unintentional
False
While men and boys are criticized for breaking away from gender stereotypes, women and girls are usually praised for being assertive and competitive
False
It is nearly impossible to tell is someone is pseudo-listening because they rarely give themselves away.
False
Which primary expectation of friendship seems to be universal?
Trust
Information that we know about ourselves but choose not to reveal to most others is found in which area of the Johari Window
Hidden
Qualities that set committed romantic relationships apart from other close relationships include:
assumed permanance
Edwina feels a knot in her stomach when she received a low grade on her exam. She noticed the knot and thought it constituted evidence of anxiety. This situation illustrates
the cognitive labeling view of emotions
Disability refers to what?
the functional limitations one experiences as the result of an impairment
The tendency to overestimate the internal causes and underestimate the external causes of others' undesirable behaviors is part of
the fundamental attribution error
For the most part, we're not conscious of the rules that guide how, when, where, and with whom we communicate about various things.
True
In some cultures, kisses on both cheeks are the standard mode of greeting and bidding goodbye to business contacts
True
In the intensifying communication stage, romantic partners see one another as exciting and wonderful.
True
It is common to feel multiple emotions at the same time
True
Marriage is occurring later in life now than it used to.
True
Repetition, mnemonics, and regrouping are all ways to help us remember what we hear.
True
Silence is considered a form of nonverbal communication
True
Speech communities are not necessarily defined by geographic locations and boundaries
True
The content meaning of an utterance is the literal, denotative meaning
True
Emotional intelligence is the ability to listen supportively when other people share their feelings
False
Our increasing engagement with social media has increased our listening effectiveness.
False
Race is no longer a consequential aspect of identity in America today.
False
Which kind of love is practical love?
pragma
The counterpoint to control is
problem orientation
Lack of conflict is the biggest indicator of a healthy relationship
False
All of the following are guidelines for improving self-concept EXCEPT:
Avoid self-disclosure
Self-actualization is the need that humans generally try to address first
False
Communication about communication is:
Metacommunication
Cosmetic surgery and eating disorders are associated with ________, one type of nonverbal behavior.
Physical appearance
"A good education is the key to success" is an example of an identity script
True
A majority of lesbian couples create more egalitarian relationships than do either heterosexuals or gay men.
True
A key foundation for improving your self-concept is
accepting the self as in process and able to change
Which type of nonlistening actually involves listening very carefully to a message?
ambushing
Verbal communication and nonverbal communication are similar in all of the following respects EXCEPT:
both are perceived as equally believable
Ethnocentrism is one form of ________ communication.
certainty
"I really know a lot more about this than you do, so you should listen to me." This comment is an example of communication that
claims superiority of the speaker
During an argument about money, Desi says, "Well, if you hadn't wrecked the car, it wouldn't need repairs and money wouldn't be a problem." Consuela replies, "Yeah, and if you had been home when you said you'd be, I wouldn't have driven that day." Desi and Consuela are engaging in what conflict pattern?
cross-complaining
As after taking cooking lessons, Thelma bakes a cake for her friend Louise's birthday. When Louise sees the cake, she says, "Wow, that's so sweet. My mom always made a special cake for my birthday, and she would decorate it so elaborately." Thelma angrily replies, "Well I'm sorry that I didn't decorate the cake extravagantly. I guess I still have a lot to learn about cooking." Thelma's response illustrates
defensive listening
All of the following are forms of unproductive communication EXCEPT:
dual perspective
Three dimensions of committed romantic relationships are
intimacy, commitment, and passion
Listening—or trying to listen—takes up at least ________ of most people's waking time.
1/2
Direct definitions are important because they boost, rather than impair, a child's self-esteem.
False
________states that people apply economic principles to evaluate their relationships.
Social exchange theory
Unlike most relationships, friendships
are voluntary
Which of the following is NOT a constitutive rule of communication?
Business emails must be responded to within 24 hours
Gerda is really upset and she feels like throwing a temper tantrum, even though she's twenty years old. Disregarding the social inappropriateness of her behavior, Gerda beats a door and then kicks it while in a public area. In this instance, Gerda's behavior was motivated by which aspect of herself?
I
Concerning the typical life cycle of families with children, the fifth stage is usually:
Launching children
A personal construct is a "mental yardstick" we use to measure a person or situation along with a bipolar dimension of judgment
True
Americans have historically seen raising children as a primary objective of marriage, but it is no longer seen as the only goal of marriage.
True
Commitment is a decision to remain in a relationship rather than a feeling
True
Communication researchers report that evaluative communication evokes defensiveness
True
Diverse cultural backgrounds may create misunderstandings that strain friendships.
True
Engaging in dual perspective allows us to understand how someone else thinks and feels
True
Environmental factors such as architecture, room design, and color scheme affect how we feel and act
True
Non-disabled people are not obligated to "take care of" people with disabilities
True
Recent research shows that we can override the draw of noisy or novel stimuli
True
The most difficult and most important thing for developing and maintaining a healthy identity is to make a commitment to personal growth.
True
Unrealistic expectations about spending time together is one of the greatest problems that people in long-distance romantic relationships face.
True
We use stereotypes to make predictions about people and situations
True
When people become friends, the touchstone of that stage is the assumption of continuity
True
Physiological noise is distraction caused by hunger, fatigue, headaches, medications, and other factors that affect how we feel and think.
True
Specific communication behaviors that contribute to unproductive interpersonal conflict include all of the following EXCEPT:
asking questions for clarification
Desi and Consuela are arguing about how to spend the tax refund they received. He says they should get the car fixed; she says they should first go on a vacation; he then suggests they fix the car and use any money left to vacation; she suggests they sell the car and be rid of the problem. Desi and Consuela are engaging in which pattern of unproductive conflict?
counterproposals
Individuals who are more are better able to integrate new information about others and situations
empathic
A process by which you learn the culture into which you are born is known as
enculturation
Studies on ________ show that people spend more time eating, eat less, and rate food more highly in a fine dining situation.
environmental factors
Each of the following are Japanese styles of business negotiation EXCEPT
explicitly expressing disagreement
According to the cognitive labeling view of emotions, what occurs first?
external event
Morgan does not want to take chemistry, because he knows he will fail the class even before taking the course. In addition, he believes that if he takes the course, he won't make any friends in the class. Morgan is suffering from which fallacy?
fear of catastrophic expectations
A person who is blind that doesn't have print materials available in alternate media has a ________________.
handicap
Members of _____________ cultures spend lots of time getting to know each other interpersonally and socially before any important transactions take place.
high-context
As the meeting stretches to three hours, Julie starts to experience a listening obstacle that involves fatigue, hunger, and having trouble summoning the energy needed to listen closely. This is an example of:
lack of effort
In which stage do partners typically engage in contracting?
later
The clearest indication that a friendship is in the waning stage is:
less quality and quantity of communication
All of the following are conflict management skills EXCEPT
looking for points of disagreement
Substantial research shows that women and minorities take up less space than white men in Western society. This is related to which aspect of nonverbal communication?
proxemics
As a rule, women assume most of the ________, which involves remembering, planning, and scheduling family life.
psychological responsibility
According to the process of human perception, the selection process includes wall of the following EXCEPT
rational judgement
The most basic form of confirmation in interpersonal communication is:
recognizing another person exsists
Some couples have a rule that prohibits the adults from arguing in front of their children. This requirement is a rule
regulative rule
A cornerstone of effective interpersonal communication skills is
respecting what others say about what they feel and think
Jenna believes that she doesn't have an aptitude for statistics, so doesn't put much effort into her statistics class. She performs poorly in the class, supporting her initial belief. This is an example of a(n):
self-fulfilling prophecy
When working with someone is is blind or visually impaired, you should
speak to the person in a normal tone of voice
A point of view shaped by political awareness of the social location of a group is known as
standpoint
Charles says, "I would never join a fraternity. All fraternities do is party." Charles' statement is an example of a(n):
stereotype
A comfortable, even-keeled kind of love based on friendship and compatibility is:
storge
All of the following are forms of confirming communication EXCEPT:
strategy
In low power distance cultures
students are expected to demonstrate their knowledge of the subject and may on occasion question the instructor
According to Braithwaite et al., which type of voluntary kin fulfills desires and needs not met by biological and legal family?
supplemental family
Don and Makiko Smith have been married for five years. They are a highly interdependent couple, are very emotionally expressive with each other, and have conventional views of marriage and family life. The Smiths would be best categorized as which of Fitzpatrick's marital types?
traditionals
In relation to culture, meanings exist not in ____________ but in _____________.
words, people
One indication that a friendship is in the nascent stage is that participants:
work out private rules for interacting
The American with Disabilities Act was passed in what year?
1990
Who were the first to use the term "white" to describe a racial group in the area that is now the United States?
Europeans when they colonized the US
Bracketing involves interrupting in order to get clarification during conflict
False
Communication does not reflect cultural values and perspectives.
False
Effective listening is easy, relaxing, and requires little effort on the part of the listener.
False
Raul came to the United States from Mexico three months ago and he is still having trouble understanding Americans' tendency to rush all the time. He is also surprised when his teachers are irritated if he joins class a while after class has started. Raul's confusion about American pace of life is based on which aspect of nonverbal behavior?
chronemics
Culture is passed on from generation to the other through
communication
Mari and her partner respond to the tension in their relationship by deciding to spend part of the weekend together and part of it engaged in separate activities in order to balance their needs for autonomy and connection. This response to relational dialectics is called:
neutralization
According to the cognitive labeling view of emotions, what occurs second?
physiological response
It is estimated that nonverbal communication accounts for what percentage of the total meaning in interpersonal communication?
65-93%
"One day, I won't have to worry about being single. One day, I'll be married." These statements illustrate how symbols allow for:
Hypothetical thought
Which model of communication views communication as flowing only in one direction, from sender to receiver?
Linear
Which type of nonlistening involves listening only for content and ignoring the relationship level of meaning?
Literal listening
According to Mead, because of the ________, we can set goals for becoming the person we want to be.
Me
Zach says to his friend, "I meant that as a sarcastic remark, not as a comment on you at all." Zach's statement is an example of
Metacommunication
When communicating with a person with a disability, all of the following are generally accepted guidelines EXCEPT:
Provide assistance without asking
Mariko used so much jargon in her presentation that most people in the audience couldn't understand her. This is an example of what kind of noise?
Semantic
If you show your love for a family member by doing chores without being asked, which love language do you rely on?
Service
Mike was responsible for taking care of his two younger siblings while Mike was growing up. As an adult, he is more nurturing and more attentive to others' needs than most of his male peers. Mike's greater care-giving inclination is best explained by his:
Standpoint
Of her marriage Myra says, "It wasn't like we ever really fell in love. It was more like we grew together kind of gradually. I think of my husband as my best friend." Myra seems to have which style of loving?
Storge
Which statement provides good advice for listening supportively to someone who is sharing emotions?
Use paraphrasing to show that you understand how the other person feels
What is one difference between virtual and face-to-face friendships?
Virtual friendships are less personal
Tabitha wants some time alone because she feels a need to get in touch with herself as an individual. However, her partner wants them to spend as much time together as possible. The tension in this example illustrates the ________ relational dialectic.
autonomy/connection
According to the perceptual view of emotions, what occurs second?
perception of event
The resurrection process of relationship deterioration involves all of the following EXCEPT:
the partners attempt to restore the deteriorating relationship
Recently, scholars' tracking of adolescent girls' bullying shows that many young girls engage in social aggression toward other boys, and they do so using distinctly feminine rules for expressing aggression.
False
Since there are no formal standards for friendships, there are also no consistent ideas for what counts as a friend or patterns of interaction between friends.
False
Social media has had several positive effects on romantic relationships and no known negative effects at this time.
False
Supporting a friend primarily involves saying nice things in order to make him or her feel better rather than giving honest opinions.
False
The cognitive labeling view of emotions regards emotions as instinctual responses to external stimuli.
False
The costs of poor listening in the workplace are minimal
False
The majority of our interactions involve I-it communication
False
Men tend to prefer offering advice about problems while women tend to prefer offering empathy before trying to help solve the problem.
True
Women are more jealous of a partner's emotional investment in another relationship whereas men are more jealous of a partner's sexual infidelity.
True
The transactional model of interpersonal communication emphasizes the dynamism of interpersonal communication and the multiple roles people assume during the process.
True
