COMM_1 Final Exam

A salesperson purposefully lying about the effectiveness of his product demonstrates which of the following? Ch 14

Unethical persuasion

All of the following are common perceptual errors that influence communication EXCEPT _______________. Ch 2

We dismiss first impressions because perceptions may change.

In social judgment theory, ______ is the range of statements that a receiver would not care strongly about when listening to a persuasive speech. Ch 14

latitude of non-commitment

Cultures that emphasize punctuality, schedules, and completing one task at a time are said to be ________. Ch 6

monochromic

Compared to verbal communication, nonverbal communication has __________. Ch 6

more ambiguity

Cathy gave herself credit as being highly intelligent when she did well on her first communication test. But when Cathy didn't study much for the second test and failed, she assumed that it was a poorly written exam. Cathy is engaging in _________ bias. Ch 2

not external

Adriana always sits in a seat next to the window in French class. One day, Andrew sits in that seat. Adriana gets upset with Andrew for taking the seat that she normally sits in. Which nonverbal concept does this situation describe? Ch 6

Territory

Western cultures view talk as desirable and generally consider silence to be negative. Ch 3

True

When creating social media accounts, your text recommends striving for authenticity. Ch 2

True

Jill, who is from Twin Falls, and Johann, who is from Germany, are meeting in Los Angeles. Jill is excited about the unplanned adventure, Johann however, wants specific details of where they are going to eat and sleep, as well as what they are going to do during the trip. Based upon their backgrounds, the cultural difference that most likely explains their differing approaches to the upcoming trip is: Ch 3

Uncertainty Avoidance

In Ogden and Richard's Triangle of Meaning, ______ meanings are formal definitions of words, and ________ meanings are informal definitions of words. Ch 4

denotative; connotative

Roles that hurt the progress of a group, such as "Deserter," "Dominator," "Recognition Seeker," and Aggressor" are all examples of ____________. Ch 9

dysfunctional roles

When we use words to express an idea, we are involved in the process of ____________. Ch 1

encoding

Which of the following best defines a "culture"? Ch 3

the language, values, beliefs, and traditions shared and learned by a group of people

Jim felt strongly about a current legislative issue, so he used his relational listening skills to assess the viability of the speaker's message regarding the issue. Ch 5

False

Linear communication models include the concept of feedback. Ch 1

False

One of the benefits of working in groups is the time needed for the decision making process. Ch 10

False

Sally does not filter whatever she is saying because she believes that individuals will understand "that's just the way I am" and that she is being honest. Sally's view of encoding messages is an example of competent communication. Ch 1

False

The study of body movement, gesture and posture is called chronemics. Ch 6

False

When Emma refused to listen to her instructor regarding a poor grade, she was engaged in therapeutic listening. Ch 5

False

Emergent leaders in a group setting _________. Ch 9

Not appoint themselves

"Vaping companies should be abolished" is an example of a ______________ proposition. Ch 14

Not emotion

You turn the topic of conversation toward yourself rather than show interest in the other person. You are being a(n) __________. Ch 5

Not insensitive listener

Supporting evidence in a speech helps the speaker establish which of the following rhetorical appeals? Ch 14

Not logos. Maybe ethos?

Which of the following is an example of the nonverbal concept of territoriality? Ch 6

Not shaking hands instead of an informal, familiar hug.

Tracy is beginning her speech and, to get the audience's attention, describes with excitement the time that she participated in her first debate tournament for the College of Southern Idaho. Her tone, rate, and pitch of her voice when describing that event are examples of the nonverbal use of: Ch 6

Not vocal echoes

When Michelle sees the word "God" she thinks of a higher power in whom she believes. However, when Eric sees the word "God" he thinks of a fictional being, the belief in whom causes wars and conflicts. This example demonstrates that in symbolic communication, meaning is located in ______________, not in words. Ch 4

People

Which of the following behaviors is an example of a manipulator? Ch 6

Picking at your fingernails

Disinhibition is less likely to occur in mediated channels of communication than in face-to-face communication. Ch 1

False

Language reveals a speaker's willingness to accept responsibility for a message. Which of the following types of statements assumes the most responsibility? Ch 4

"I" statements

Based on the information regarding individualistic vs. collectivistic cultures, as well as your lifetime experience as a student, which of the following accurately describes the cultural approach of United States students? Ch 3

All of above (United States culture is an individualistic culture. United States culture stresses personal goals and achievements over the collective goals of the group. Students in the United States generally hate working in groups.)

You are at a noisy wedding reception. Suddenly you hear your name mentioned in the group of people at the table next to yours. Which step of the listening process best describes what occurred in this situation? Ch 5

Attending

_________ is a method for creatively generating ideas in groups by minimizing criticism and encouraging a large quantity of ideas without regard to their workability or ownership by individual members. Ch 10

Brainstorming

Sarah needs to communicate with her professor about a grade she recently received on a test. She's not looking forward to this conversation and knows that it might be rather unpleasant. She worries about it, and decides just to write an email to the professor instead of going in to talk to her professor face-to-face. Sarah's choice of _______________ may not be the best means to communicate sensitive or emotional information. Ch 1

Channel

Which of the following best describes how a speaker should go about choosing a topic? Ch 11

Choose a topic that is right for the speaker, the audience, and the situation.

Which of the following statements about communication competence is true? Ch 1

Competent communicators understand that communication will not solve all problems.

Malcom very rarely attended class. When he was there, he sat in the back row with his head down on his desk. He didn't ask any questions nor did he ever contact the instructor during her office hours. During the last week of school, Malcom approached the instructor to say, "I'm trying very, very hard to be successful, and I don't know why I am doing poorly in your class." While Malcom's words indicate his intentions, his previous behavior during the semester demonstrates which nonverbal function of communication? Ch 6

Contradicting

Which of the following best summarizes the difference between ethical and unethical persuasion? Ch 14

Ethical persuasion does not intentionally mislead or lie to the audience for personal gain, while unethical persuasion misleads or lies to the audience for personal gain.

Saying that someone "passed away" instead of saying that s/he "died" is an example of a(n): Ch 4

Euphemism

A group could be defined as a crowd of onlookers watching a movie scene being shot. Ch 9

False

A spatial organizational pattern tends to organize a speech by describing events from beginning to end. Ch 12

False

A group's collective striving for unanimity that discourages realistic appraisals of alternatives to its chosen decision is called _________. Ch 10

Groupthink

In a conversation with himself, Malik says, "I wonder what I should make for dinner." What type of communication is Malik engaged in during this conversation? Ch 1

Intrapersonal communication

Many Asian languages have significant differences in words for "rice" depending on the type, preparation, occasion, etc. European countries often only have one word: rice. This is an example of __________. Ch 4

Linguistic relativism

Which of the following describes the degree of congruence between what a listener understands and what the sender was attempting to communicate? Ch 5

Listening fidelity

You are a team leader and have a project that needs to be presented in two days. While you work with creative people, this means they have their own ideas and can sometimes get distracted. Which type of leadership style might be most functional and effective if you want to complete the project by the deadline? Ch 9

Not Democratic

When your significant other holds your hand, what type of nonverbal communication is being used? Ch 6

Not Proxemics

Debbie is having problems at work and decided to talk with her supervisor, Melissa. While listening, Melissa begins to take notes hoping to help Debbie work through ideas that might be able to improve her job satisfaction. By behaving in this way, Melissa is engaging in _______. Ch 5

Not analytical listening

Last night in the locker room you heard a totally funny joke that you can't wait to tell tomorrow at work. However, as you consider the wisdom behind telling this joke to your boss you realize that language interpretation can change based on context, so you decide not to tell the joke at work. This wise decision on your part was made because you understand: Ch 4

Pragmatic rules

A persuasive speech that begins by analyzing the number of babies born each year with birth defects, and then suggests that this could be addressed by increasing the amount of vitamins taken by expectant mothers uses what organizational pattern? Ch 12

Problem-solution

Which of the following involves the use of silence and statements of encouragement to bring about a response from another person? Ch 5

Prompting

Cynthia and John went on a date. During dinner, Cynthia consistently made eye contact with John and nodded her head as he was talking. However, instead of focusing exclusively on John, Cynthia was thinking about the game she was missing. Which type of faulty listening behavior was Cynthia exhibiting? Ch 5

Pseudolistening

Which of the following types of words gain their meanings by comparison? Ch 4

Relative

When perceiving others, the first step is _______, where we attend to external factors that help shape what we notice about others. Ch 2

Selection

Anita received some upsetting news just before beginning her shift as a waitress. All evening long, Anita was taking people's orders incorrectly. She was also having trouble listening to her manager's direction. Which reason best explains Anita's poor work performance? Ch 5

She was having a problem with psychological noise.

When speaking to a hostile audience, you should: Ch 14

Show that you understand their point of view, then use appropriate humor

_____________ means you feel compassion for another person while_________ means you have a personal sense of what it feels like to be in that person's shoes. Ch 2

Sympathy; empathy

When an English speaker sees the sentence "Have you the cookies brought?" s/he understands that this is incorrect because of: Ch 4

Syntactic Rules

Though a highly cohesive group creates more positive feelings and satisfaction amon group members, this is not a guarantee that the group will be productive. Ch 10

True

Todd believes that those not from his country are less deserving of the same privileges and rights that he inherited by birth in his country. Often, he will highlight the great things about his country by putting down the cultural values and norms of other nationalities. Todd's views and behaviors are an example of ethnocentrism. Ch 3

True

Which of the following IS NOT a characteristic of the collectivistic group orientation? Ch 3

They place a high value on individual achievements.

Which communication model reflects the fact that we usually send and receive messages simultaneously? Ch 1

Transactional model

Charisma is the audience's perception of two factors: enthusiasm and likeability. Ch 14

True

Emotional evidence as supporting material is used to establish effective pathos in a speech. Ch 14

True

Ginny is using coercion when she threatens her daughter with grounding if she doesn't clear up her room. Ch 14

True

Hidden agendas tend to create conflict when individual motives do not correspond with the group goals. Ch 9

True

High context cultures are cultures that avoid direct use of language; meaning is conveyed through context more than words. Ch 3

True

In most cases groups have more resources, can produce more solutions to a problem, are more accurate, generate higher commitment, and encourage more diversity than individuals working alone. Ch 10

True

Mediated communication differs from face-to-face communication in the areas of richness, synchronicity, and permanence. Ch 1

True

Narratives are stories that we and others create to make sense of our personal worlds. Ch 2

True

One difference between rules and norms in a group is that rules are explicit and norms are unstated. Ch 9

True

Successful persuasion is usually incremental because attitudes do not normally change instantly or dramatically. Ch 14

True

Teams are different than groups. Ch 9

True

The abstraction ladder is a range of abstract to concrete terms describing an event or object. Ch 4

True

The semantics of a word refers to its definition. Ch 4

True

The _________ fallacy is used by a speaker who attempts to weaken an opponent's argument by attacking the person's integrity. Ch 14

ad hominem

Which of the following needs to be present for a collection of people to be considered a group? Ch 9

all of the above (Interdependence, Interaction, they meet over a period of time, There must be three or more people)

When Jenna's classmate Katie didn't say anything to her in class, Jenna presumed that Katie was judging her. When Jenna assigns a meaning to Katie's quiet behavior, she is engaged in the process of: Ch 2

attribution

In a culture that values chronemics, which of the following would be unacceptable? Ch 6

being late to a job interview

Jeremy is a deaf student who is attending college in Idaho where he was born and raised. He is President of the campus club promoting Deaf culture and many of his friends share the same Deaf cultural norms. Jeremy's sense of belonging to the Deaf culture, while also feeling connected to the encompassing culture of Idaho where he grew up, is an example of______________. Ch 3

co-culture

Individuals who believe that people should take care of their extended family before taking care of him or herself are most likely firmly grounded in a(n) _________. Ch 3

collectivistic culture

Your group is responsible for finding a graduation speaker, one member has a lot of community connections. What type of power would they use to find the speaker? Ch 9

connection power

Agreement among all group members about a decision is called _________. Ch 10

consensus

Allan belongs to several organizations and groups on campus. One of these has a common interest in playing board games. When he arrived at the meeting on Friday night, he found that he was the only person there who had ever played Settlers of Catan and Pandemic. When the group had to decide which of the two games to play, they turned to Allan to make the decision for them. Which type of decision making approach was the group using? Ch 10

expert opinion

If Emma presents her speech in a manner that is planned, organized, and practiced in advance, but presented in a direct, spontaneous tone with limited notes (and no memorization), she is using what type of delivery? Ch 11

extemporaneous

Which of the following channels has the most abundance of nonverbal clues that add clarity to a verbal message, defined by social scientists as "richness"? Ch 1

face-to-face conversation

When you use communication strategies to influence individuals' perceptions of you, you are engaging in _________. Ch 2

identity management

United States students, in general, tend to dislike group work. They don't like having to coordinate schedules; they don't like having their academic fate tied to the actions of other students; they don't like everyone to receive the same grade on a group project; they are concerned about everyone "carrying his/her own weight." All of these concerns reflect the fact that the United States is a(n) ____________________. Ch 3

individualist culture

An effective informative speech creates _________________, in that it provides reasons for your audience to want to listen and learn from your speech. Ch 13

information hunger

When a group lacks the information necessary to make an effective decision, they are suffering from: Ch 10

information underload

Replying to someone who is giving you directions by saying, "You're telling me to drive down to the traffic light by the high school and turn toward the mountains, right?" is an example of: Ch 5

paraphrasing

The person you believe yourself to be in private moments of honest self-examination is your___________. Ch 2

perceived self

A(n) ___________________________fallacy mistakenly assumes that one event causes another because they occur sequentially. Ch 14

post hoc

The tendency of American students to call their professors by the professors' first names (and the tendency for American professors to accept, even encourage, this practice) in comparison to Chinese society, speaks to our different cultural understanding of _____________________. Ch 3

power distance

In a group, power that comes from respect, liking, and trust is known as _________. Ch 9

referent power

If we develop an image of ourselves from the way we think others view us, this is known as _________. Ch 2

reflected appraisal

A person's self-concept is a set of ____________. Ch 2

relatively stable perceptions of him/herself

Steve received an e-mail from his friend Lindsay about a party she is throwing later this month. In e-mail, Lindsay writes, "YOU'D BETTER BE THERE!" Steve is unsure if Lindsay is mad at him or if she's just trying to be funny. Steve is having trouble interpreting the intent of this message because it lacks_________. Ch 1

richness

Math is your weakest subject. On the first day of college algebra you tell the student next to you, "I bet I'll get a D in this course." At the end of the semester you get a D. This result could be an example of _________. Ch 2

self-fulfilling prophecy

In business settings, communication usually occurs in the range of 4 to 12 feet. Edward Hall defined this proxemic space as ______ distance. Ch 6

social