Communication in Sport Mid-Term

Define and provide an example of media gatekeepers in the SSCM process.

A gatekeeper is an editor who selected the news stories for newspapers EX: sport editors

List and define the 3 direct communication forms in sport.

1. Intrapersonal- the internal (inner) communication by a sport industry stakeholder 2. Interpersonal- The 1-on-1 communication in a sport context 3. Small Group Sport Communication- The communication among individuals in small sport gatherings

In 2014, Plunkett Research estimated the annual global sports industry at? a. $247 million b. $856 million c. $1.5 billion d. $10.7 billion

C- 1.5 Billion

List the three key components of the SSCM model and provide examples for each.

Component 1- Personal and organizational communication in sport... EX: personal communication--> intrapersonal, interpersonal, and small group Component 2- Mediated communication in sport... EX: Sport mass media Component 3- Sport Communication services and support... EX: Integrated marketing communication

In, 2014 Plunkett Research estimated the annual sport industry in the United States at? a. $86 million b. $153 million c. $300 million d. $485 million

D- 485 Million

Name the influential former president of ABC Sports who helped mastermind sports regularly being shown on primetime television and made the Olympics a television event.

Rooney Arledge

Define sport communication.

Sport communication is a process by which people in sport create meaning through interactions

Which of the following was listed as an example of a print media wire service in the text? a. Associated Press b. ESPN c. Sports Illustrated d. Yahoo! Sports

a. Associated Press

A high school football coach who regularly yells at his players and barks orders at his assistant coach is exhibiting what type of communication style? a. autocratic b. consultative c. laissez-faire d. participative

a. Autocratic

Now the dominant force in U.S. sport media, ESPN launched its first broadcast in? a. 1969 b. 1979 c. 1984 d. 1989

b. 1979

What is the minimum number of participants in small-group communication? a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d. 8

b. 3

A basketball player slapping high fives with his teammates is an example of intrapersonal communication. a. True b. False

b. False

This current ESPN employee essentially launched the business of covering the NFL Draft for media when he produced his first prospectus guide on the NFL draft while he was still a senior in high school, before the NFL draft was ever televised? a. Matthew Berry b. Mel Kiper, Jr. c. Tom Lemming d. Matt Miller

b. Mel Kiper, Jr.

The _____ of communication involve theories that come in various shapes and sizes. a. contexts b. genres c. process of communication

b. genres

The golden age of sport, sports writing, and the rise of sporting heroes occurred during which decade? a. 1760s b. 1880s c. 1920s d. 1970s

c. 1920s

Which of the following is the acronym for the professional organization for college sports information directors? a. APSE b. AWSM c. COSIDA d. NCBWA

c. COSIDA

Reporting in African-American newspapers, highlighted by the efforts of sportswriter Wendell Smith at this hugely popular black daily newspaper, was a major influence for the racial integration of Major League Baseball in the 1940s and '50s. a. Atlanta Journal-Constitution b. Daily Worker c. Pittsburgh Courier d. New York North Dakota

c. Pittsburgh Courier

In sport communication, there are senders (communicators) and ________ (audience). a. communicators b. context c. recipients d. servers

c. recipients

The _______ theory notes that audience members react to mass media and seek to use the mass media for specific uses based on their individual unique characteristics, social categories, and relationships. a. agenda setting b. powerful effects c. two-step flow d. uses and gratifications

c. two-step flow

The nine-year deal the NBA signed with ESPN and Turner for rights to televise its games was worth how much (USD) for all years combined? a. $24 million b. $240 million c. $2.4 billion d. $24 billion

d. $24 billion

Per research by Wong (2014), from 2009 through 2014, what percentage of athletic directors hired at NCAA Division I programs had earned at least one graduate or terminal degree? a. 20 percent b. 40 percent c. 70 percent d. 90 percent

d. 90 percent

Define and list three of the duties of a media buyer.

media investment, media plans, creating and monitoring schedules

With US$4.5 billion in revenue (Badenhausen, 2014), ESPN is worth more than the NFL and more than the NBA, MLB, and NHL combined. a. True b. False

a. True

Define and describe the term muckrakers.

It's a name given to USA Journalists and other writers who exposed corruption in politics and business in the early 20th century

The medium through which communication takes place in or through sport is known as a a. communication channel b. context c. procedure d. process

a. Communication channel

Remaining quiet and bowing your head at funeral is a way to ______ interactions in the use of nonverbal communication. a. contextualize b. contradict c. negotiate

a. Contextualize

Three features of the sport organization-its formal structure, informal networks, and __________-both influence and are influenced by the communication flow. a. culture b. internal organization messages c. internet d. 401Ks

a. Culture

Which of these was the most valuable individual sport team in the United States in 2015, per Forbes' data analysis? a. Dallas Cowboys (NFL) b. Pittsburgh Steelers (NFL) c. New York Yankees (MLB) d. Chicago Bulls (NBA)

a. Dallas Cowboys (NFL)

Sport's popularity reached new heights in the United States after the Civil War, propelled by the development and rise of which team sport? a. baseball b. basketball c. football d. running

a. baseball

It is impossible to analyze sport communication without examining the levels of communication involved and a. context b. gestures c. process d. text only

a. context

Which of the following is the type of communicating that one does with himself or herself? a. intrapersonal communication b. interpersonal communication c. small-group communication

a. intrapersonal communication

In 1951, Henry Ford created the weekly magazine Sports Illustrated. a. True b. False

b. False

The terms sport management, sport administration, sport leadership, and sport journalism are often used interchangeably as titles for the same or related discipline and academic major? a. True b. False

b. False

Which of the three major sport communication scholarly journals has been the most cited in academic research? a. Communication & Sport b. International Journal of Sport Communication c. Journal of Sports Media

b. International Journal of Sport Communication

Which of the following involve unmediated and interpersonal communication and are the channels through which interpersonal messages are sent? a. auditory signals b. feedback c. ledes d. means

d. Means

What is the name of the period between 1930 and 1950 when the American public began to question the importance and ethics of sportswriters? a. Golden Age b. Industrial Revolution c. New d. Perspective

d. Perspective

Which of the following looks at the number of individuals and departments that report to each manager within the sport or communications organization? a. culture b. decentralization c. external networks d. span of control

d. Span of Control

Learning at least one foreign language would be beneficial toward a high-level career in sport communication, with long-time tennis journalist Bud Collins specifically recommending that college students in the United States learn to speak? a. Arabic b. French c. Russian d. Spanish

d. Spanish

Which of these are largely fueling the growth of the professional and major-college sport industries in the United States and are the best indicators of growth in media sport coverage? a. athlete endorsement deals b. game attendance figures c. sponsorships for sport organizations or leagues d. television contracts or rights deals

D- Television contracts or rights deals

Provide at least three examples of job titles, the duties of each position, and the skills necessary to fulfill each position of internal stakeholders in a sport organization.

Director of Public Health, Director of Nursing, Research Scientist

This television satellite subscriber service now focuses much of its advertising toward sport fans, touting its programming and exclusive contract with the NFL to air its Sunday Ticket. a. DirecTV b. Dish Network c. ESPN d. Time-Warner Cable

a. DirecTV

A convergence of job roles and a variety of skills are now required for many 21st century sport communication jobs, with many jobs also emphasizing the production of content for the Internet and social media. a. True b. False

a. True

A coach nodding when a player asks if she should foul an opponent is an example of the nonverbal form of communication known as kinesics. a. True b. False

a. True

Most professionals in organizations work with communications technology throughout the day, with email being the most commonly used type of current communications technology. a. True b. False

a. True

Potentially interactive formats, such as verbal and video presentations, can be delivered to an audience with or without interaction. a. True b. False

a. True

The international management consulting firm A.T. Kearney noted that in 2017 the global revenues for sports events alone are projected to be over $90 billion USD. a. True b. False

a. True

The terms sport communication, sport journalism, and sport media are often used interchangeably as degree and course titles in higher education, although sport communication is a more encompassing title for the academic field? a. True b. False

a. True

Those involved with sport communication as sport media professionals or social media participants are often simultaneously senders and recipients (part of the audience). a. True b. False

a. True

Wearing an official NFL team jersey to a high school football game is an example of interpersonal communication. a. True b. False

a. True

The NCAA often receives as much as 90 percent of its total revenues from television contracts to televise which of the following? a. the NCAA men's Division I basketball tournament (i.e., March Madness) b. the College Football playoff c. the SEC Network d. the Division I men's basketball College World Series

a. the NCAA men's Division I basketball tournament (i.e., March Madness)

All forms of entertainment and commerce have moved-at least in part-to the web and mobile technologies, but media and information have yet to do so. a. True b. False

b. False

An example of an informal network in an organization would be a group of employees assigned by the director to examine how the organization can reduce expenses. a. True b. False

b. False

In preparing for a job interview, your very first step should be to determine your exact salary demands. a. True b. False

b. False

It is essential that members of a sport organization have a common purpose or objective, but they do not have to be willing to contribute and cooperate together. a. True b. False

b. False

Sport communication can be conceptualized as the process of producing and delivering messages to a massive group of media consumers but never to an audience of just one person. a. True b. False

b. False

Teammates supporting each other with words of encouragement in a locker room closed to media would not fall under the SSCM model because media are not involved in that communicative process. a. True b. False

b. False

The SSCM model was built on two theories and no other models of communication, media, or information proposed from individuals across various disciplines over the years. a. True b. False

b. False

The most often-used form of communication by all individuals in sport is interpersonal communication. a. True b. False

b. False

What process of interpersonal communication involves games, jokes, and casual talks with friends about sports and other interests? a. help b. influence c. play d. relate

c. Play

Which of these is the number one reason for the recent explosion in sports television rights deals per ESPN sport business expert Daren Rovell? a. Americans have only recently become sport-obsessed. b. Unlike other television shows, most sport programming is viewed live, making it more valuable to advertisers for commercials. c. European club soccer telecasts by U.S. networks have increased. d. Coach Nick Saban restored the University of Alabama to dominance in college football.

b. Unlike other television shows, most sport programming is viewed live, making it more valuable to advertisers for commercials.

The flow of information between individuals at the same level is called a. chain of command b. horizontal communication c. span of control

b. horizontal communication

Scholars are increasingly using which theoretical framework for research to examine social media usage and interactions? a. agenda setting b. parasocial interaction c. powerful effects d. uses and gratifications

b. parasocial interaction

Marquee men's college basketball coaches like John Calipari (Kentucky) and Mike Krzyewski (Duke) regularly wear high-end suits to all games they coach. In doing so, their attire communicates through which form of nonverbal communication? a. haptics b. physical characteristics c. proxemics d. vocalics

b. physical characteristics

According to research cited in the text, both newspaper sports editors and television sports directors were most likely to rank which of the following skills as the number one skill needed for a career in either media? a. knowledge of sports b. public speaking skills c. networking d. writing

b. public speaking skills

Which of the following is an example of sport communication services and support? a. newspaper sport articles b. sport advertising c. sport radio d. sport television

b. sport advertising

Of the 25 university athletic programs that totaled at least $95 million in revenues in 2014, 15 of those schools competed in two conferences: the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and the? a. Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) b. Big 12 Conference c. Big Ten Conference d. PAC-12 Conference

c. Big Ten Conference

In 2014, what Real Madrid soccer star had both more Facebook fans and Twitter followers than any other athlete in the world? a. LeBron James b. Lionel Messi c. Cristiano Ronaldo d. Abby Wambach

c. Cristiano Ronaldo

Who was the author of "The Four Horsemen of Notre Dame," often touted as "the first important American sportswriter"? a. Skip Bayless b. Mike Lupica c. Grantland Rice d. Jason Whitlock

c. Grantland Rice

The ________ in interpersonal communication is/are the expression of thoughts and feelings of communicators. a. channels b. feedback c. messages

c. Messages

This legendary former women's basketball coach at the University of Tennessee noted the importance of nonverbal communication when communicating with athletes. a. Geno Auriemma b. Cheryl Miller c. Pat Summitt d. Tara VanDerveer

c. Pat Summitt

The Sporting News posthumously named which legendary NFL commissioner, who helped create the Super Bowl, as the 20th century's most powerful person in sports? a. Roger Goodell b. Kennesaw Mountain Landis c. Pete Rozelle d. Paul Tagliabue

c. Pete Rozelle

Organizational communication in sport refers to the process by which messages are created, exchanged, interpreted, and _____ within a system of human relationships in sport. a. revealed b. spoken c. stored

c. Stored

This U.S.-based sport magazine, which had published regularly since 1886, stopped printing its weekly magazine in 2012, citing a desire to focus on its online content and annual preview magazines for various sports like pro football and college football? a. ESPN The Magazine b. Golf Digest c. The Sporting News d. Sports Illustrated

c. The Sporting News

Sport leadership communication styles consist of two dimensions: task-oriented and a. Internet communication b. intrapersonal-oriented communication c. interpersonal-oriented communication d. visual communication

c. interpersonal-oriented communication

The lightning bolt for Gatorade and the Olympic rings are both examples of what form of symbol used in the sport industry? a. disingenuous symbols b. marketing gimmick c. material manifestation

c. material manifestation

Throughout the 20th Century a majority of sport communication jobs in the United States were in this media? a. Internet b. radio c. newspapers d. television

c. newspapers

Whereas marketing focuses on exchanges, the key focus of sport public relations is to manage information flow between the sport organization and? a. banks b. internal management c. publics

c. publics

Under which of the following segments of the sport communication industry do college sports information directors (SIDs) primarily fall? a. entertainment b. mass media c. support services

c. support services

Which type of mass media in the United States has traditionally been recognized as the most influential? a. newspapers b. radio c. television d. Twitter

c. television

There were 672 million worldwide tweets related to which 32-day sporting event in 2014, which culminated in Germany defeating Argentina? a. the Olympics b. the Super Bowl c. the World Cup

c. the World Cup

Which of the following is an example of synchronous electronic communication? a. nightly television newscast b. radio play-by-play of a live sporting event c. videoconference

c. videoconference

Which of the following is the least interactive form of communication in a sport organization when communicating to an audience? a. emotions in emails b. internet message board posts c. written words

c. written words

Hand signals relayed from a quarterback to his wide receivers when playing a road game in front of a loud crowd serve as a ______ of verbal communication. a. complement b. modifier c. regulator d. substitute

d. Substitute

The three predominant forms of culture in a sport organization and the ways in which a sport organization creates its culture are symbols, schemas, and a. logos b. metaphors c. networks d. scripts

d. scripts

From 1950 to 1970, sport print journalists modified their style and content to compete with and account for the new medium of? a. Internet b. magazines c. radio d. television

d. television

The three dimensions of context are physical, social-psychological, and _______, which relates to time of the communication. a. communicative b. intrapersonal c. sensory d. temporal

d. temporal

What is the principle reason people generally engage in interpersonal communication? a. to help b. to learn c. to read d. to relate

d. to relate