communication studies- verbal and non verbal communication
this is the use of the body whether its is conscious or unconscious to show attitudes and feelings yawning- tiredness no eye contact- shynes eye contanct - boldness
explain body language and give examples
this is the use of the five senses taste, touch, sight, hearing, smell to communicate different emotions
explain how the five senses are used in non verbal communication
they are expressions such as oh, eh, ugh, uhm and hmm they each have a special meaning whether it is acceptance, agreement, uncertainty, disgust, an displeasure
explain interjections as it relates to vocalics ( 5 examples)
used to contradict the meaning of the verbal communication using vocalic sarcasm unconsciously - when someone says theyre listening to someone but is looking off somewhere else
explain: contradicting as a function of non verbal communication give an example
this form of communication may be used to show the senders relationship with another peson and that they belong to a particular group wearing a wedding ring means a person is married
explain: establishing relationships as a function of non verbal communiation give an example
the way people dress, dressing in a way that coincides with the way we want people to think of us
explain: managing impressions as a function of non verbal communication give an example
this is used in conversations to control the flow of messages - raising your hand and waiting your turn to answer a question
explain: regulating as a function of non verbal communication give an example
may be used to re inforce or complement verbal communication - pounding your hand on a table when arguing to reinforce a point
explain: reinforcing as a function of non verbal communication give an example
may be used to replace verbal communication - using head motions to point out someone - using your fingers to tell someone to come to you without actually saying it - waving goodbye
explain: substituting as a function of non verbal communication give an example
sentences nowadays can be ambiguous as people tend to talk in phrases instead of complete senteces. the meaing of these sentences can be deciphered based on where the speaker puts the stress
how can paralanguage be used to clarify meaning
it creates an effect as speaking slowly may stress importance
how does vocalics create effects by adjusting speed
artefacts are pieces of jewelry or clothing or a vehicle to communicate something about the type of person you are or that your belong to a particular group or steryotypes
in non verbal communication, what are artefacts and list 4 things that it communicates
1. there is record of the communication 2. good for complicated instructions as they can be precise and referred back to 3. less chance of the message being misunderstood 4. authority is transmitted more effectively 5. can be prepared and directed to a large audience 6. can promote uniformity and policy/ reduce costs
list 6 advantages of written communication
volume, tone, speed, pitch people raising their voice when their angry
what are some of the things people can change with vocalics give an example
how people speak, human sounds, interjections
what are the categories vocalics can be divided into
it can either complement or contradict
what can nonverbal do to verbal communication
body posture gestures facial expressions eye contact yawning
what does body language include
1. facial expressions 2. body language 4. ton of voice 5. distance 6. artefacts
what does non verbal communication includes
communicative behaviours
what is another word for non verbal communication
this relates to the use of time to communicate a particular attitude or status 1. being early or late 2. keeping people waiting 3. pauses when speaking
what is chronemics give 3 general example of chronemics
written - the sender must be able to write the message and the receiver must be able to read the message before communication is said to have to take place spoken- the sender must be able to deliver the message through speech and the receiver must be able to listen to it in order for communication to have taken place
what is needed for these to be effective written communication spoken communication
dosent involve speech or writing
what is non verbal communication
its a way in which people reveal emotions and attitufes, consciously or unconsciously and adds dimension and meaning to words. it adds dimension and meaning to words
what is paralanguage
the use of space to communicate different impression, and meaings 1. elation to others 2.interest 3. type of personality
what is proxemics and what does it communicate
verbal communication is communication that involves the use of oral and written language writing reading speaking listening
what is verbal communication what are the skills associated with verbal communication
smell - bad odour means someone aint doing proper hygiene sound- hearing an egine sound can indicate someone arrived taste - over seasoned food made by a chef who is normally good may communicate that the cook is upset
give 3 examples of how the five senses can be used in non verbal communication
interviews, counseling, giving advice, meetings, conferences
give 3 places where oral communication can take place
formal between strangers in business context in legal contexts informal between family and close friends when the subject of the matter is inconsequential like small talk when there is no time limit, guidelines or structure
give 3 reasons when oral communication tends to be formal and informal
1.speedy exchange 2. immediate feedback 3. since its face to face the sender can see the effect the message has on the receiver 4. speaker can see if their message is clear or created confusion
give 4 advantages of oral communication
1. if a person turns up early to an interview - shows respect, interest, 2. if a kid misses curfew - lack of respect 3. If a senior keeps someone who made an appointment to see them keeps them waiting- authority 4. politicians speaking, use pauses to create different effects
give 4 examples of chronemics
1. depending on the context it may be time consuming 2. the objective of the communication may not be reached 3. poor presentation can lead to the message not being interpreted properly 4. it is influenced by non verbal communication such as tone of voice, and body language 5. no record of communication
give 5 disadvantages of oral communication
1. periodic table 2. the use of raised dots and patterns to represent letters and numbers and words to blind people 3. sign language - manipulation of hands to communicate with deaf people 4. semaphore - communicating using flags held in different positions to represent letters of the alphabet 5. hand signals - can enhanced with flags,, batons paddles or gloves used in directing traffic
give 5 examples of graphics and symbols used in non verbal communication
books letters emails texts memos
give 5 examples of written communication
1. dialogue - occurs between 2 or more perosns, can be formal or informal 2. debate- these are formal arguments that are normally structured and gives each side the opportunity to present their views on the topic ex- educational settings, in parliament, at work 3. discussion- the process of talking about something to arrive at a decision, can be formal or informal, takes place at home, school, work, street 4. speech- these are normally one sided and consists in the sender broadcasting their message to which they may not receive feedback from the receiver, can be formal or informal
list and explain the 4 types of oral communication
the sounds people can make to communicate different feelings and emotions laugh cries and moans
list one other thing paralanguage encompasses and give an examples
it is normally informal writing in capital letters- person is shouting emoticons - aids in attitudes and emotion
list some adaptations of vocalics in electronic media
1. substituting 2. reinforcing 3. regulating 4. contradicting 5. managing impressions 6. establishing relationships
list the 6 basic functions of communiaction
1. feedback will not be received quickly 2. it is impersonal 3. may not be read 4. if it is not understood the receiver may not receive immediate clarification 5. create a lot of paper work 6. can be poorly expressed with ineffective writers
list the 6 disadvantages to written communication
1. body language 2. proxemics 3. chronemics 4. artefacts 5. paralanguage ( vocalics) 6. 5 senses 7. graphics and symbols
list the 7 types of communicative behaviours
cuz it can be interpreted in different ways
why can body language be miscontrued
because the voice sorrounds the word
why is paralanguage called vocalics
because non verbal communication is the use of physical action and manipulations to show meaning and is considered to be communicative behaviours
why is the term non verbal communication and communicative behaviors used interchangeably