Community Exam 2
In a college health course, the question arose as to when a woman needs to see her health care provider for a Pap smear. Which would be the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. "After you reach age 21." b. "Before having sexual intercourse, when you go to obtain your birth control." c. "If your periods change at all, go to see your health care provider." d. "If you have a vaginal discharge that's unusual, go right in for a Pap smear."
A
A man, who looked about 45 years old, gave a cashier at a grocery store the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) vouchers for some of the food he had just selected. Which conclusion can be drawn from this scenario? a. He had a teenage daughter who was pregnant or with a young child. b. He met the requirement for Aid to Dependent Families. c. He really knew how to beat the welfare system. d. He was handicapped, although his handicap was not immediately apparent.
A
A nurse is called by her pregnant sister, who tells her how she is going to request that her physician deliver her baby via C-section so that the baby will be healthier. Which would be the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. "There is not evidence to support that your baby will be healthier if it is born via C-section." b. "That's a great idea, now I will be able to plan when I will be able to visit you in the hospital." c. "There are many benefits to both you and your baby by having a C-section. I am glad you are making that request." d. "I think you should wait until you are in labor to make this request."
A
A nurse is on the treadmill exercising, when the woman next to her says, "You're a nurse. Explain to me how the scale says I've lost weight, but my waist and tummy just keep getting larger." Which would be the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. "I'm concerned. You need to see your health care provider to follow up on this." b. "Muscle weighs more than fat so you're creating muscle while losing fat, but it takes a while for the body to redistribute the weight." c. "Tell me what you've been eating in the last week or so." d. "You're running so you're strengthening your legs and thighs, but to lose around your tummy, you have to exercise your abdominal muscles."
A
A researcher is examining potential risk factors in comparison with disease at a specific time through collecting data regarding current exercise, sleep patterns, and current health status among 12-year-olds. Which research study would be most appropriate? a. Cross-sectional study b. Prospective study c. Retrospective study d. True experiment
A
A school nurse has identified that there has been an increase in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among the adolescents attending the school. Which intervention should be completed by the nurse? a. Arrange for the health department to come to the school to give information and treatment on a confidential basis b. Encourage the athletic coaches to distribute condoms in such a way that a boy can obtain them in private c. Have English teachers assign stories about the problems that result from adolescent pregnancy d. Have the bus drivers put a comic book about sexuality, STIs, and preventive measures on each seat
A
A woman with two young children is debating if she should try to work using child care or stay at home and care for her children. Based on the current trends, which decision is she most likely to make? a. Enter the work force b. Invite a relative to live with them to care for the children c. Negotiate with her husband so he stays home with the children d. Stay home with the children
A
A young mother was very proud because she had been taking her 9-month-old with her to various garage sales where she had purchased a lot of toys for very little money. Which would be the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. "Be sure there are no small pieces as young children can easily choke." b. "Fantastic. Saving money on toys will allow you to buy more fresh fruits and vegetables." c. "Toddlers love new toys; they will help with cognitive development." d. "You are doing an excellent job of giving your child lots of stimulation with new playthings."
A
A woman vows to quit smoking and drinking immediately upon the surprising news that she is 2 months pregnant. Which concern would the nurse have for this woman? a. Those with whom she shares living quarters might smoke or drink. b. Fetal damage may already have occurred. c. Peers may encourage her to resume old habits, and peer pressure is very strong. d. She won't be able to keep her vow.
B
People were very concerned about another outbreak of swine flu. All care providers were asked to report, without individual names, any new cases to the public health department for tracking. Which would be most helpful for the local media to report to keep citizens informed? a. The ongoing incidence rate b. The ongoing prevalence of the illness c. How many were hospitalized d. How many had died so far in local hospitals and care facilities
A
When the school health nurse suggested the school health clinic include sexual counseling and free condoms if requested, an angry woman yelled, "Why do I care if some girls have no morals and sleep around?" Which would be the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. "Because taxpayers spend billions each year for teenage moms and their babies." b. "Because your son may have to pay child support to that girl for the next 18 years!" c. "I understand your point of view, but since some parents don't teach their children morals, the school has to help." d. "We all should care for our neighbors and our neighbors' children."
A
Which best describes the screening tests that are completed on all newborns in the United States? a. It varies from state to state, somewhere between 0 and 25 tests. b. It varies from state to state, but all states have a common 26 conditions that are tested. c. Federal legislation mandates 29 tests. d. The number varies greatly by state and by hospital policy.
A
Which best explains why an employer would care about the health needs of local children? a. The children are the employer's future workforce. b. The employer needs positive media coverage and no scandals. c. The community will provide greater support to employers that have family-based policies. d. Staying home to take care of sick children will impact the productivity of the workplace.
A
Which best explains why many elderly women do not prepare meals or do housework? a. Chronic diseases, especially arthritis and rheumatism, hinder their ability. b. Living in a nursing home does not require them to do so. c. They do not want to; their husbands can share in the work. d. With Social Security, they can afford to pay someone else to do these tasks.
A
Which group of persons is most likely to be able to access health care? a. Adults who work for small businesses b. Unemployed women c. Older women on fixed incomes d. Young adults, aged 16 to 24 years
A
Which is consistent with the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations for breast-feeding? a. A mother combines breast-feeding with the introduction of complementary foods until the infant is 1 year old b. A mother supplements breast-feeding with formula when then infant is 4 months old c. A mother stops breast-feeding her infant after introducing solid foods d. A mother asks her employer to allow her to bring her infant to work so that she may breast-feed
A
Which is the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD)? a. Chlamydia b. Gonorrhea c. HIV d. Syphilis
A
Which is the most serious complication of women having osteoporosis? a. Hip fracture b. Need to avoid sunlight c. Need to decrease weight-bearing physical activity d. Stooped posture
A
Which statement best describes why the incidence and prevalence of gonorrhea is unknown? a. Gonorrhea is not a reportable condition. b. Gonorrhea can vary in how long the infection remains in the body. c. Gonorrhea can be cured with antibiotics, so people do not remain infected. d. People are ashamed to admit they have gonorrhea.
A
Which factors are necessary to assume there might be a cause-effect relationship between a particular variable A and a specific illness? (Select all that apply.) a. It is easy to understand how the variable A could lead to the illness. b. Research studies consistently demonstrate a relationship between variable A and the illness. c. The illness is frequently seen without the presence of variable A. d. The more of variable A present, the sicker the person becomes. e. Variable A is always found after the person becomes ill. f. Variable A is never found in the presence of other illnesses.
A B D
Which information must be analyzed to derive an adequate explanation of disease? (Select all that apply.) a. Description of commonalities among those who became ill b. Depiction of the possible pathogen c. Explanation of the health care system in the community d. Portrayal of the geographic area where people became ill e. Review of the methods by which disease can be spread f. Substances that are effective in sanitizing the area described
A B D
3. Which best describes the advantage of the ecosocial epidemiology model over both the web of causation model and the epidemiological triangle model? (Select all that apply.) a. It decreases the focus on the individual person. b. It demonstrates the usefulness of molecular epidemiology in disease prevention. c. It emphasizes the role of complex political and economic context. d. It is more useful in public policy campaigns in explaining what people need to do to protect themselves. e. It reflects the current emphasis on ecology and the environment. f. Its use suggests possible public policy interventions.
A C F
An epidemiologist is gathering data to determine which factors may lead to disease. Which data will be gathered? (Select all that apply.) a. Demographic characteristics b. Disease characteristics c. Geographic data d. Health protection measures taken e. Length of the disease process f. When disease struck the area
A C F
A nurse is developing a community education program about how to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Which information would be included in the presentation? (Select all that apply.) a. Always place a baby on his or her back to sleep. b. Use a semifirm sleep surface. c. Allow the baby to sleep in a position that provides the most comfort. d. Allow the baby to sleep with a favorite toy or blanket. e. Do not let the baby get too hot during sleep. f. Avoid exposing the baby to cigarette or cigar smoke.
A E F
A school nurse is trying to determine health trends when making plans for health programming in the school for the upcoming school year. Which would be the most appropriate action for the nurse to take? a. Conduct a survey in the community b. Do an online search of groups that might collect and analyze such data c. Examine records in the school health office to determine trends d. Interview local health officials regarding problems beginning to occur
B
"I don't want to listen to another lecture on safe sex. Just give me my antibiotic and let me leave," said a client. Which would be the best response by the nurse? a. "As you wish. But can you tell me why you still engage in unprotected sex?" b. "Gonorrhea is becoming resistant to antibiotics. It's becoming difficult to treat you, and permanent damage to your body is occurring." c. "Our policy requires that we review how to protect yourself even if you have heard the information before." d. "These recurrent infections are damaging you inside; please consider using condoms."
B
A client has developed pellagra because of a lack of certain B vitamins. Which best describes the classification of the nutritional deficiency? a. Relative risk factor b. Agent factor c. Environment factor d. Host factor
B
A community health nurse determined exactly how many cases of a particular disease were currently occurring in the community. Which action should the nurse take before determining what interventions should be planned? a. Analyze whether the disease was a priority to the nurse's agency b. Compare the current rate with the previous rate of disease c. Determine what resources are available to intervene d. Share the findings with the public health agency leadership
B
A middle-aged woman was obese and being treated for hypertension; and her blood tests showed elevated triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Besides recommending physical activity, which nutritional guidance should be provided by the nurse? a. Buy a good diet book, and follow its advice. b. Eat fish and seafood such as salmon, halibut, tuna, and scallops at least three times a week. c. Use olive oil when you cook, especially if you are frying food. d. You have to lose weight, so stop all desserts and eat nothing but salads for 2 weeks.
B
A mother explained that she had just dropped her 3-year-old off at her own mother's so she could come in for the required examination for her new job. She excitedly shared her hopes that she would be able to afford a used car rather than having to ride a bus all the time. Which would be the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. "I'm sure the exam won't show any problems. I'm so excited for you." b. "Don't forget to buy a child's seat when you get your car." c. "How do you think your child will adapt to you being at work all day?" d. "It's fantastic that you have a new job in this rough economy. Will your mother be able to continue to babysit?"
B
A mother was concerned about her child dying of some childhood disease, because that is how some of her siblings died before her family came to the United States. Which would be the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. "You should see your doctor immediately if you ever think your child is ill." b. "Your child has been immunized, so the biggest danger is from accidents." c. "You have made sure your child has all the right immunizations so you can quit worrying." d. "You're right to be concerned, since susceptibility runs in families."
B
A nurse has recently learned of the death of a 22-year-old female friend. Which would be the most likely cause of death? a. Complications of childbirth b. Accident or unintentional injury c. Cancer d. Cardiovascular disease
B
A nurse is caring for a woman, who has just found out she is pregnant. The woman begins crying and says, "But I'm not trying to get pregnant!" Should this response by the woman be concerning to the nurse? a. No, because women may not consciously be aware of an unconscious desire to be a mother b. No, because about half of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended c. No, because she admitted having unprotected sexual intercourse d. Yes, because pregnancy can usually be avoided by appropriate precautions
B
A school nurse at a high school suggests that all students have an educational unit on newborn care in their required health class. Which provides the best rationale for this suggestion? a. Because all adults should be knowledgeable in basic child care b. Because the first year of life is the most hazardous until old age c. To help convince students not to engage in sexual intercourse Td. o demonstrate the incredible responsibilities in parenthood
B
An epidemiologist has written a summary of a food poisoning outbreak, including its cause and ways to prevent it from occurring in the future. Which best describes what has been done? a. Analytic epidemiology b. Descriptive epidemiology c. Prospective cohort study d. Retrospective cross-sectional survey
B
For which would a screening test be most appropriate? a. Disease A, which must be caught early because society punishes those known to have the disease b. Disease B, which can be controlled if caught early in the disease process c. Disease C, which people need to know whether they have contracted, even though there is no treatment for the disease d. Disease D, because people may want to use that information in family planning
B
In a particular community, the rate of new cases of diabetes and the rate of new cases of flu during the month of January were precisely the same. Which disease would have the higher prevalence rate? a. As an acute condition, flu would have the higher prevalence rate. b. As a chronic condition, diabetes would have the higher prevalence rate. c. Flu would have the higher prevalence rate because people can get flu several times in one season. d. Flu would have the higher prevalence rate because it is so contagious.
B
In which circumstance would it be more helpful to use the wheel model of epidemiology than the epidemiological triangle model? a. When factors outside the triangle model are involved b. When there are multiple causes for a chronic disease c. When research has not yet determined the exact cause d. When trying to explain the situation to a lay person
B
On the basis of findings related to elevated blood levels of cholesterol, a researcher wanted to determine whether a new drug would notably lower the blood levels of cholesterol in otherwise healthy persons. Which study would the researcher most likely use? a. Cross-sectional study b. Experimental study c. Prospective study d. Retrospective study
B
One famous study followed a cohort of nurses over their lives, collecting data and health histories as they aged. Which would be the most appropriate categorization of this study? a. Cross-sectional study b. Prospective study c. Retrospective study d. True experiment
B
Which best explains how marriage customs have remained unchanged over the last couple decades? a. Lesbian and homosexual adults are adopting children. b. Women are usually responsible for the children following a divorce. c. Single adults are adopting children. d. Women are trying to avoid spinsterhood. e. Women seek to marry at a young age.
B
Which group has the highest poverty rate in the United States? a. Married couples with several children b. Single female heads of household c. Single male heads of household d. Two adults cohabitating when one is unemployed
B
Which indicator would be most informative in assessing the health of a newborn? a. Apgar score at birth b. Birth weight and length of gestation c. Mother's education and income from employment d. When the mother began prenatal care at her local clinic
B
Which is the greatest single cause of absenteeism from school and work among young women? a. A child's illness b. Dysmenorrhea c. Mental health disorders d. Upper respiratory tract infection
B
Which is the leading cause of death for women in their first trimester? a. Anesthesia b. Ectopic pregnancy c. Hemorrhage d. Pulmonary embolism
B
Which is the most effective way to determine if Healthy People 2020 is improving the health of Americans? a. Availability of relatable data on total population's health problems b. Comprehensive and systematically collected surveillance data on the health status of various population groups c. Increased financing to allow ongoing collation of information d. Willingness of individuals to share health information with the federal government
B
Which is the most likely reason for adult women to be injured? a. Automobile accidents b. Intimate partner violence c. Falling d. Stranger violence (theft, rape)
B
Which statement best explains why parents and nurses are often concerned about adolescents? a. Adolescents engage in sexual acts without using protection. b. Adolescents engage in very high-risk behaviors. c. Adolescents love driving but are not as skilled as they believe. d. Adolescents often experiment with alcohol or drugs.
B
Which would be the best method to increase the positive predictive value of a screening test? a. Test a large population at once b. Test a group at high risk for the health problem c. Use a very sensitive screening test d. Use a very specific screening test
B
Because of county need, a school nurse was transferred from a new suburban school to a large inner-city school in an older low-income neighborhood. Which changes in role should be anticipated by the nurse? (Select all that apply.) a. An increased absentee rate because of infectious diseases b. Cooperating with the school meal program to be sure fruits and vegetables and other healthy choices are included c. Regularly checking each child for visible signs of child abuse d. Emphasizing to parents that their child cannot attend school until immunizations are done e. Need for lead poisoning screening and education f. Screening for head lice several times a year
B E
3. Which is the most common cause of death among women after age 75? a. Accidents and unintentional injuries b. Cancer c. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) d. Diabetes and its complications
C
A mother was very proud that she had cut back smoking from two packs a day, which she had smoked for years, to only half a pack a day. Which would be the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. "I wish all smoking moms could see your example!" b. "I'm so proud of you. You're down to only 25% of what you used to smoke!" c. "That must have been difficult, but you're probably still getting nicotine, so it's important you quit entirely." d. "Your baby will really appreciate your efforts at quitting, especially if you do not resume after the baby is born."
C
A newspaper published an article stating that the athletic banquet at the local high school had approximately 1000 family members in attendance. Exactly 650 persons became ill within 24 hours, complaining of severe diarrhea, vomiting, and cramping. Which best describes the attack rate? a. 650 persons b. 1000 persons c. 650:1000 d. 6.5%
C
A nurse has just been told by a friend that her physician has recommended a hysterectomy for fibroids in her womb. Which would be the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. "Hysterectomies are the most common surgical procedure done on women; you'll be fine." b. "Tell your doctor to remove your ovaries as well so you will never have to worry about ovarian cancer." c. "There are other alternatives. Why don't you seek a second opinion just to be sure a hysterectomy is best for you?" d. "Uterine fibroids are very common so don't feel badly; you've already had your children, so there's no reason to keep your uterus."
C
A nurse is trying to determine who would be the most appropriate person to make a health care decision for an adolescent, the adolescent or the parent. Which consideration will the nurse need to make? a. The need for cultural competence b. The need for access to care c. The need for client autonomy d. The need for client privacy and confidentiality
C
A researcher wanted to engage in the best possible research design to obtain reliable information about the possible cause(s) of a disease. Which design would the researcher choose? a. Cross-sectional study b. Descriptive study c. Prospective study d. Retrospective study
C
A researcher, interested in the onset of early menses, compared the life experiences and history of 1000 14-year-old girls, half of whom had monthly periods and half of whom did not, to determine what variables might be observed. Which would be the most appropriate categorization of this study? a. Cross-sectional study b. Prospective study c. Retrospective study d. True experiment
C
A school nurse is trying to decrease the effects of an incredible health crisis attacking school children. Which action would be most appropriate for the nurse to take? a. Arrange for booster shots to maximize immunization protection against childhood infectious diseases b. Arrange for swine flu and regular flu shots each year c. Establish recreational programs that encourage physical exercise each day d. For those whose parents give permission, teach adolescents about the need for abstinence or "safe sex"
C
A student athlete receives a screening examination before being active in school sports. Which level of prevention is being used? a. Health prevention b. Primary prevention c. Secondary prevention d. Tertiary prevention
C
One hundred women received notification that their screening tests suggested that they might have a serious health problem. Which action should the nurse take to ensure that they will complete follow-up testing? a. Compliment them on their willingness to be tested and suggest an immediate appointment before they have too much time to think about the issue. b. Imply that the test could be wrong; the testing materials may not be effective, but the only way to be sure is to be tested further. c. Point out that screening is only suggestive and that not all positive screenings mean they actually have the health problem. d. Reassurance is not therapeutic; reality must be faced. Emphasize the need for immediate treatment.
C
Two brothers played with their cousin. One brother later became quite ill, whereas the other did not .Which provides the best explanation for this occurrence? a. Difference in length of time exposed b. Difference in how actively the children played c. Difference in genetic inheritance between the two brothers d. Difference in lifestyle between the two brothers
C
Using a public health perspective, which has responsibility for a child's health? a. The child's family b. The businesses in the community c. The entire community d. The school system
C
When considering the benefits for the recipients, which is more beneficial: Medicaid or private insurance? a. Private insurance, because it is accepted by all providers, whereas Medicaid is not b. Private insurance, because it gives its beneficiaries more benefits than Medicaid gives c. Medicaid, because it includes early and periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment services d. Medicaid, because it is available for all children
C
When trying to determine whether the swine flu outbreak was getting worse, which rate should be carefully observed? a. The crude death rate b. The age-specific death rate c. The swine flu incidence rate d. The swine flu prevalence rate
C
Which best describes a model that demonstrates the progression of disease from prepathogenesis through disease outcome? a. Epidemiological model b. Ecosocial model c. Natural history model d. Wheel model
C
Which best describes the importance of discovering all of the variables that may be involved in creating a disease state in some persons? a. People want an explanation of why they are ill. b. Knowing causes helps obtain funds for research to try to create a cure. c. Finding variables that are susceptible to prevention or early intervention is important. d. It is important to educate communities on how to avoid any risk factors.
C
Which best describes why infant mortality rate is used as an international comparison of a country's health status? a. Every country, regardless of other priorities, focuses on care of infants and their mothers. b. It is easy to obtain and compare such data. c. It reflects medical care quality and access and public health practice. d. The World Health Organization requires these data be reported to them each year.
C
Which best explains why cancer rates increase as people get older? a. Better prevention programs are available for cardiac disease, so cardiac disease rates are decreasing, making cancer rates increase. b. It is harder to screen for cancer than for other fatal diseases, so the rates are increasing because of the inability to detect the cancer at an early stage. c. Poor lifestyle choices, environmental exposures, and increased life expectancy have all caused cancer rates to increase. d. Other causes of death are decreasing, so it appears that cancer rates are increasing.
C
Which best explains why some community health nurses find nursing models inappropriate for use in their clinical practice? a. Models are almost always based on meeting the needs of individuals, not groups. b. Models are too theoretical and not realistic. c. Models, developed for the middle class, do not fit low-income families. d. Models taught in nursing school are not remembered by nurses in practice.
C
Which group of children is at the highest risk to have poor health? a. African American children living in a suburb b. Asian children living in an outer urban area c. Hispanic children living in the inner city d. White children living in a rural area
C
Which has been determined to be a major variable in transmission of sexually transmitted infections? a. The pathogenesis of the involved agents b. The susceptibility of the host c. The environment in which the hosts live d. The amount of sex education provided in the schools
C
Which individual is most likely to be the victim of violent crime? a. A 10-year-old white female b. A 15-year-old black female c. A 15-year-old black male d. A 10-year-old white male
C
Which research study would determine the attributable risk of a sedentary lifestyle in cardiac disease? a. Measuring all cases of cardiac problems in a specific community b. Comparing the number of persons with cardiac disease among athletes with the number among nonathletes in a community c. Subtracting the rate of cardiac disease among athletes from the rate of cardiac disease among nonathletes d. Calculating the relative risk and then subtracting the attack rate to determine the attributable risk
C
Which statement best describes how the United States compares with other countries on infant mortality rate? a. Best of all the industrialized nations b. About in the middle of the industrialized nations c. Near the bottom of the industrialized nations d. Gradually improving among the industrialized nations
C
A nurse wanted a screening test that was very sensitive in determining who might have a particular illness. What might be a problem with using such a sensitive test? (Select all that apply.) a. Many persons have true negative test results. b. Persons who test negative are able to celebrate their healthy state. c. Persons who do not have the illness are told that they might, which leads to anxiety, as well as time and cost of follow-up diagnostic tests. d. Such a test may have lower specificity, so some persons with the disease are told they are disease free and hence do not receive care. e. There is no problem; it is best to use the most sensitive screening test available. f. Persons who have the disease are notified and receive treatment.
C D
A school nurse brought a young boy back into a private office and asked him to remove his shirt. Fresh welts across his back were seen. Which would most likely cause the nurse to be concerned about the parents? (Select all that apply.) a. The child had a tendency to act out frequently and really did "ask for it." b. The parents did not like their own child and had trouble hiding that fact. c. The parents were dealing with a lot of stress and lacked support. d. The parents were themselves abused as children. e. The parents may be substance abusers. f. The parents probably did not have health insurance for the boy.
C D E
"I want to get pregnant as soon as possible now that I'm married," a 43-year-old female says to the nurse. Which would be the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. "Having a child will certainly cement your new marriage and give it a focus." b. "It's understandable that your 'biological clock is ticking' and time is running out." c. "You're right, once you hit menopause you won't be able to have a child." d. "We will help you, but you need to know that there are more risks for you at your age."
D
A community health nurse suggested that a group of nursing students perform a diabetic screening at a location where groups of people meet. Which site would be best for the screening? a. The senior citizens center, which always welcomes students back b. The shopping mall where many young adults go to save money c. The YWCA/YMCA down the street d. The Weight Losers group meeting at the church
D
A female client has recently been diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which would the nurse anticipate as the most likely treatment prescribed by the health care provider? a. Instructions to begin weight-bearing exercise at least three times a week b. Instructions to increase the amount of calcium and Vitamin D in her diet c. A prescription for hormone replacement therapy d. A prescription for oral bisphosphonates
D
A mother is assessing the safety of toy that her toddler received as a birthday gift. Which source would provide the mother with the most accurate information? a. Ask the toddler's daycare provider for her opinion. b. Call the department store where the toy was purchased. c. Explore the toy manufacturer's website. d. Search the Consumer Product Safety Commission website.
D
A mother was debating whether or not to take her son to the clinic. His temperature was 104F and rising so she gave him acetaminophen (Tylenol). Which will most likely be the deciding factor in the mother's decision? a. Whether or not the child is crying b. Whether or not the fever goes down after the Tylenol c. Whether or not the child seems to be getting better d. Whether or not the child is covered under insurance
D
A nurse conducted a study of two skin lotions: (1) an inexpensive one and (2) an expensive one. The nurse found that there was a relative risk of 0.7 for skin sores using the inexpensive one and a relative risk of 1.2 using the expensive one. Which skin lotion should the nurse use? a. Impossible to tell from the data given b. It made no difference which lotion was used c. The expensive lotion d. The inexpensive lotion
D
A parent at a school says to the school nurse, "I can't keep that plate thing straight. What is the bottom line about nutritious eating today?" Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. "Avoid processed foods, and eat fresh fruits and vegetables." b. "Eat lots of protein, fruits, and vegetables, and don't worry about the other rules." c. "Let me get you a copy of the Department of Agriculture plate that you can keep on your refrigerator for easy reference." d. "Balance your plate with half of a plate of fruits and vegetables, and a quarter of a plate of both proteins and grains."
D
A researcher has limited time and funds. Which research design would be most appropriate? a. Cohort study b. Incidence study c. Longitudinal study d. Retrospective study
D
A school nurse is developing a health education program for third grade students about how to play safely. Which provides the best rationale for this nursing action? a. The kids were playing chicken in front of the school buses each day. b. The students are at the age when they begin to engage in risky behaviors. c. Toys can have unexpected hazards from lead paint to small swallowable parts. d. Without proper head protection, many sports can lead to traumatic brain injury.
D
A woman confides in the nurse that she and her husband want to become parents as soon as possible. Which statement would be the best reply from the nurse? a. "Ask some young parents if you can babysit for a while to get in practice." b. "Can you afford to become parents with all the items a baby will need?" c. "Consider whether you are really ready to become parents." d. "Start living as healthy a lifestyle as possible right now."
D
According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, which rule must be followed by makers of toy guns? a. Darts from toy guns must be made of materials that will not penetrate skin. b. Toy guns cannot contain parts made of lead or lead-based paint. c. Reflective paint must be used on toy guns. d. Toy guns must be distinguishable from real guns.
D
How do the policies on children's health in the United States differ from the policies on children's health in other industrialized nations? a. Most industrialized nations, including the United States, have similar policies. b. U.S. policies are more market based and less social justice based. c. U.S. policies are voluntary, whereas in most countries they are required by law. d. Although industrialized nations have policies on children's health, the United States does not.
D
If most students have no intention of ever leaving their local community, which language should be chosen as the required foreign language in high school? a. French, as it is a very romantic language b. German, because many of the students' names are German c. Latin, as it is the basis for many other languages d. Spanish, to improve employment opportunities
D
What proportion of U.S. citizens are children? a. 12% b. 16% c. 20% d. 24%
D
Which action should be taken by a typical community preparing for the expected demographic changes in the United States? a. Build more elementary schools b. Build more high schools c. Build more colleges d. Build more adult condominiums
D
Which best describes the Tuskegee Syphilis Study? a. It provided excellence in research design. b. It used an extensive subject base leading to confirmed conclusions. c. It developed information about the causes and treatment of syphilis. d. It implemented unethical and racist treatment of uninformed subjects.
D
Which best describes the advantage of the web of causation model in comparison with the epidemiological triangle model? a. The web of causation model is easier to understand and use. b. The web of causation model is more widely known and publicized. c. The web of causation model is more recent and current. d. The web of causation model shows the relationships among variables.
D
Which best explains why lung cancer kills more women than breast cancer? a. Early detection and cure of breast cancer has lowered the death rate. b. Pap smears lead to early detection and often the cure of uterine cancers, hence avoiding breast metastasis. c. There is no accepted treatment for lung cancer. d. Women have begun smoking.
D
Which event caused attention that has resulted in the current emphasis on women's health? a. Hillary Clinton's comments during the presidential race b. Political correctness, including addressing the rights of women c. New research studies that are focusing on women d. Women's movement from the 1970s
D
Which factor is the single largest threat to child health? a. Child abuse b. Obesity c. Poor nutrition d. Poverty
D
Which group should be used to determine the community's pregnancy rate? a. All persons between 15 and 45 years old in the community b. The total population of the community c. The total population of women in the community d. Women between 15 and 45 years old in the community
D
Which outcomes for the infant and mother have occurred because of fetal monitoring? a. Improved outcomes for both infant and mother b. No difference for the infant but improved outcomes for the mother c. No difference for the mother but improved outcomes for the infant d. No difference in outcomes for the infant but increased risk for the mother
D
Which provides the best explanation for the importance of the "Go Red" and "The Heart Truth" campaigns? a. Because heart disease is so prevalent, we all need to know the usual symptoms so we may seek help quickly. b. Few people are aware of how to prevent chronic diseases such as cancer. c. We need to increase awareness of the genetic component in chronic disease. d. Women have different symptoms and require different treatment than men
D
Which would be a source of care if families are employed at a salary above the poverty line, but at too low of an income for health insurance? a. Local health department clinics that provide care on a sliding scale b. Health care providers who donate time and pharmaceutical samples to free clinics c. School health clinics d. The state Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
D
