competency checks psych stats
How many sources of error are present in a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?
2
An ANOVA is used when samples are selected from two or more populations and when two or more samples are selected from the same population.
True
If the value stated by a null hypothesis is ______ the confidence interval, then the decision would have likely been to retain the null hypothesis.
inside
Using a between-subjects ANOVA design, ______.
n participants are observed k times
The term "between-subjects" refers to ______.
observing different participants one time in each group
If the null hypothesis is inside the confidence interval, then the decision was likely to ______ using hypothesis testing.
retain the null hypothesis
For an analysis of variance, the term "one-way" refers to ______.
the number of factors in the design
A researcher observes the same participants in each of five different settings. Which source of variation is the variability attributed to observing the same participants in all five settings?
between persons variability
Which source of variation is computed using a one-way within-subjects ANOVA, but not a one-way between-subjects ANOVA?
between persons variation
For a two-way ANOVA, the ______ should also be reported for each significant hypothesis test and for the simple main effect tests.
effect size
A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA in which k = 3 and n = 10. What is the critical value for this test at a .05 level of significance?
3.55
In a study with four groups and 10 participants in each group, the sum of squares for the between-groups source of variation is 60. What is the value for the mean square between groups in this study?
20
The following is a summary of a one-way between-subjects ANOVA: F(2, 37) = 3.42, p < .05, η2= .12. How many pairwise comparisons need to be made for this ANOVA result?
3
A researcher recorded the shooting percentage of 28 professional basketball players in each of four quarters in a game. What are the degrees of freedom error for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?
81
Which of the following explains why point estimation can be a useful procedure to estimate a population mean?
The sample mean is equal to the population mean on average and the sample mean is an unbiased estimator of the population mean.
Each of the following is a type of two-way ANOVA, except ______.
a 1-between factorial design
A researcher has participants complete a survey regarding their level of restraint when eating. Participants were assigned to groups based on their current health status (lean, overweight, obese) and gender (male, female). What type of factorial design is most appropriate for this study?
a between-subjects factorial design
A researcher measures differences in recall between male and female participants following a romantic movie clip. If different participants were in each group, then what type of statistical design is appropriate for this study?
a two-independent-sample t test and a one-way between-subjects ANOVA
The source of variation that is associated with differences between groups in a study is called ______.
between groups variability
A researcher conducts a 2 × 4 between-subjects ANOVA in which 12 participants were observed in each group. If SSA = 18 and SSE = 264, then what is the decision for Factor A at a .05 level of significance using the two-way between-subjects ANOVA?
reject the null hypothesis
The complexity of the two-way ANOVA differs from that of the t tests and the one-way ANOVAs in that, ______.
three hypothesis are made with one statistical test using the two-way ANOVA, but not using the t tests and the one-way ANOVAs an interaction can be observed using the two-way ANOVA, but not using the t tests and the one-way ANOVAs two factors can be observed using the two-way ANOVA, but not using the t tests and the one-way ANOVAs
A simple main effect test is appropriate for analyzing which significant result?
a significant interaction
An estimate of effect size with the two-way ANOVA is typically reported for ______.
a significant main effect test and a significant interaction test
In a study with three groups and 13 participants in each group, the sum of squares for the within-groups source of variation is 18. What is the value for the mean square within groups in this study?
0.5
A researcher observed the mating behavior of 10 porpoises in five different social conditions. What are the degrees of freedom between groups for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?
4
The denominator of the test statistic for the main effects and interaction in a two-way between-subjects ANOVA ______.
is equal to mean square error
The term "within-subjects" refers to ______.
observing the same participants in each group
A researcher reports with 90% confidence that 31% to 37% of Americans believe in ghosts. What is the point estimate for this interval?
34%
Which of the following hypotheses identifies a prediction that requires that two factors we observed in the same statistical design?
Mood will improve most when people consume foods that are high in sugar and fat.
A point estimate is typically reported with an interval estimate. Why?
The interval estimate gives researchers a higher level of confidence. The interval estimate adds certainty to the estimate of the population mean. Using only a point estimate is associated with low certainty.
Using a within-subjects ANOVA design, ______.
n participants are observed k times
A lowercase k is used to denote ______.
the number of groups in a study and the number of levels of the factor in a study
Which of the following best describes the goal of estimation?
to narrow in on the true population mean by defining limits within which it is likely to be contained
A researcher measures differences in recall between participants watching a regular or a 3-D movie clip with a romance, drama, or action theme. Different participants were observed in each group. What type of statistical design is appropriate for this study?
two-way between-subjects ANOVA
A professor compared differences in class grades between students in their freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior years of college. If different participants were in each group, then what type of statistical design is appropriate for this study?
a one-way between-subjects ANOVA
A researcher computes a 3 × 4 between-subjects ANOVA and finds one significant main effect and a significant interaction. What is the next appropriate step?
compute simple main effect tests for the interaction
Following a significant one-way between-subjects ANOVA in which k > 2, what is the next appropriate step?
conduct post hoc test
If the value stated by a null hypothesis is ______ the confidence interval, then the decision would likely be to reject the null hypothesis.
outside
Homogeneity of variance is an assumption for the one-way between-subjects ANOVA. What does this assumption mean?
that the variance is equal in each population from which samples are selected
For an analysis of variance, the term "two-way" refers to ______.
the number of factors in the design