comprehensive final of bio 141

what type of blood cell transports oxygen through the body? A. platelet B. osteoblast C. leukocyte D. erythrocyte

erythrocyte

what type of reaction releases energy? A. endergonic reaction B. equilibrium reaction C. catabolic reaction D. exergonic reaction

exergonic reaction

sodium ions are moving with their concentration gradient with the use of a protein channel across a plasma membrane. Determine the type of membrane transport used to transport these sodium ions. A. osmosis B. facilitated diffusion C. primary active transport D. simple diffusion

facilitated diffusion

In a solution, the solute dissolves the solvent. A. true B. false

false

enzymes bind with substrates at their active sites and are permanently altered by the binding process. A. true B. false

false

what is the building block of a lipid? A. nucleic acid B. glucose C. glycogen D. fatty acid

fatty acid

the permanent replacement of normal tissue by scar tissue is called: A. apoptosis B. inflammation C. fibrosis D. necrosis

fibrosis

Through the microscope, you see cells swimming. Each cell has a long tail that moves in a whip-like manner. What type of cellular extension have you observed? A. flagellum B. microvillus C. cilium D. centriole

flagellum

single subunits that serve as the building blocks for organic compounds are termed: A. reactants B. enzymes C. polymers D. monomers

monomers

the monomer of the carbohydrates is the: A. amino acid B. monosaccharide C. nucleotide D. fatty acid

monosaccharide

which of the following illustrates a gradient? A. equal amounts of something exist in areas that are connected B. more of something exists in one area than another and the two areas are connected C. maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment D. equilibrium or balance between two unconnected areas

more of something exists in one area than another and the two areas are connected

What type of membrane lines cavities that open to the outside of the body? A. synovial membrane B. mucous membrane C. serous membrane D. cutaneous membrane

mucous membrane

Why are damaged neurons usually not replaced? A. neurons are amitotic B. neurons are voluntarily controlled by the brain C. neurons are supported by neuroglial cells D, neurons are excitable cells

neurons are amitotic

in a molecule of oxygen gas, the atoms of oxygen share electrons equally with one another. this statement best describes a(n): A. compound B. ionic bond C. polar covalent bond D. non polar covalent bond

non polar covalent bond

what type of compound is NOT likely to dissolve in water? A. both polar and non polar covalent compounds B. non polar covalent compound C. ionic compound D. polar covalent compound

non polar covalent compound

most of a cell's DNA is located in its: A. ribosomes B. lysosomes C. Golgi apparatus D. nucleus

nucleus

which of the following is a more complex structure than a tissue? A. fiber B. organ C. cell D. macromolecule

organ

Aquaporins may be employed during: A. endocytosis B. osmosis C. active transport D. simple diffusion

osmosis

the alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet are characteristic of: A. primary protein structure B. secondary protein structure C. tertiary protein structure D. quaternary protein structure

secondary protein structure

A patient is diagnosed with mesothelioma. this cancer affects the: A. mucous membranes B. synovial membranes C. cutaneous membranes D. serous membranes

serous membranes

carbon dioxide is a small molecule that moves through the phospholipid bilayer with its concentration gradient by: A. osmosis B. facilitated diffusion C. primary active transport D. simple diffusion

simple diffusion

which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane proteins? A. acting as carriers. B. acting as enzymes. C. stabilizing temperature. D. acting as channels.

stabilizing temperature

the epidermis of the skin serves as a barrier to mechanical stresses and protects us from microorganisms. what tissue do you think forms the epidermis? A. pseudo stratified columnar epithelium B. simple columnar epithelium C. stratified squamous epithelium D. simple squamous epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

what contributes to the calculation of the mass number? A. sum of electrons and neutrons B. sum of protons and neutrons C. sum of protons, neutrons and electrons D. sum of protons and electrons

sum of protons and neutrons

What lubricates movable joints such as the hip, knee, and elbow? A. mucous B. synovial fluid C. saliva D. serous fluid

synovial fluid

which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is FALSE? A. the cytoskeleton supports the plasma and nuclear membranes. B. the cytoskeleton synthesizes proteins C. the cytoskeleton provides the characteristic shape and size to a cell. D. the cytoskeleton functions in movement.

the cytoskeleton synthesizes proteins

Which sensation is NOT detected by the skin? A. temperature B. light touch C. equilibrium D. texture

equilibrium

how many electrons are in the outermost shell of an atom with 15 electrons? A. 8 B. 10 C. 5 D. 2

5

determine the number of protons in an isotope of nitrogen with an atomic number of 7 and a mass number of 14. A. 17 B. 10 C. 14 D. 7

7

on average, blood pH is approximately: A. 7.1 B. 7.8 C. 7.6 D. 7.4

7.4

which of the following represents an exchange reaction? A. AB + CD --> AD + BC B. AB + CD --> BA + DC C. AB --> A + B D. A + B --> AB

AB + CD --> AD + BC

which organelle modifies, sorts and packages proteins and lipids for export from the cell? A. mitochondria B. cytoskeleton C. endoplasmic reticulum D. Golgi apparatus

Golgi apparatus

Yuri is working with a chemical in lab. This chemical is composed of repetitive units that include a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a sugar known as ribose. he is working with: A. a lipid B. a protein C. a nucleic acid D. a carbohydrate

a nucleic acid

What forms the basis for the body's steroids? A. glucose B. testosterone C. triglyceride D. cholesterol

cholesterol

the major energy reserve in the body is found stored as fat in: A. reticular tissue B. fibrocartilage C. adipose tissue D. areolar connective tissue

adipose tissue

the Na+/K+ pump transports three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions moved into the cell. This is an example of: A. facilitated diffusion B. a symport pump C. an antiport pump D. a uniport pump

an antiport pump

A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides, palms facing forward, is in the: A. anatomical position B. supine position C. frontal position D. sagittal position

anatomical position

which directional term indicates the front side of the body? A. anterior (ventral) B. superior (cranial) C. medial D. posterior (dorsal)

anterior (ventral)

which organ system includes blood vessels and the heart? A. respiratory system B. cardiovascular system C. endocrine system D. lymphatic system

cardiovascular system

What makes cartilage an unusual connective tissue? A. types of cartilage are named for their primary locations in the body. B. cartilage lacks collagen fibers. C. cartilage essentially lacks blood vessels coursing through the cartilage. D. cartilage lacks an extracellular matrix (ECM) and ground substance.

cartilage essentially lacks blood vessels coursing through the cartilage

the process of digesting food breaks large food particles into smaller particles. this example is best described as a(n): A. exchange reaction B. catabolic reaction C. neutralization reaction D. anabolic reaction

catabolic reaction

which of the following is the correct sequence, from the simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body? A. cellular level, tissue level, chemical level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level B. cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level C. chemical level, tissue level, cellular level, organ system level, organ level, organismal level D. chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level

chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level

what are the two major methods by which cells communicate to coordinate their function? A. positive feedback loops and negative feedback loops B. temperature gradients and pressure gradients C. effectors and responses D. chemical messengers and/or electrical signals

chemical messengers and/or electrical signals

Why is cholesterol a critical component of the plasma membrane? A. cholesterol stabilizes the structure of the plasma membrane when the temperature changes. B. cholesterol transports certain molecules into the cell. C. cholesterol serves a role in cell recognition. D. cholesterol catalyzes metabolic reactions from its position within the plasma membrane.

cholesterol stabilizes the structure of the plasma membrane when the temperature changes

body parts that are described as medial are considered to be: A. closer to the midline of body B. toward the head C. closer to the point of origin D. toward the front

closer to the midline of the body

what general tissue type binds, supports, and protects the body? A. epithelial B. nervous C. connective D. muscle

connective

what is the major function of the respiratory system? A. return excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system B. deliver oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the body C. digest food and absorb nutrients into the blood D. produce vitamin D and retain water

deliver oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the body

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity? A. diaphragm B. mediastinum C. pericardium D. pleura

diaphragm

How do nutrients reach the epidermis of the skin? A. diffusion transports nutrients from blood vessels in the dermis into the epidermis. B. nutrients migrate in vesicles from the hypodermic into the epidermis. C. solute pimping transports nutrients into the epidermis D. blood vessels carry nutrients directly into the epidermis.

diffusion transports nutrients from blood vessels in the dermis into the epidermis

What type of protein fiber, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, is extensible? A. keratin B. collagen C. reticular D. elastic

elastic

ionic compounds dissociate in water into: A. polar and non polar substances B. electrolytes C. acids and bases D. hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances

electrolytes

what subatomic particle carries a negative charge? A. nucleus B. proton C. neutron D. electron

electron

what happens in oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions? A. energy is used since these are endergonic reactions B. electron exchange occurs C. larger molecules are built from smaller subunits D. atoms are exchanged

electron exchange occurs

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as: A. exocrine B. sebaceous C. ceruminous D. endocrine

endocrine

a white blood cell engulfs a bacterium through a process called: A. facilitated diffusion B. endocytosis C. primary active transport D. exocytosis

endocytosis

two types of active transport via vesicles are: A. endocytosis and exocytosis B. diffusion and osmosis C. primary active transport and secondary active transport D. simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion

endocytosis and exocytosis

a long-lasting high fever is a concern for denaturation of: A. saturated fats B. glycogen C. phospholipids D. enzymes

enzymes

which statement best describes enzyme function? A. one enzyme can work on thousands of different substrates. B. enzymes speed chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. C. enzymes can perform catabolic reactions only. D. enzymes chemically alter both the reactants and products.

enzymes speed chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

Tommy fell and skinned his knee. The scrape did not bleed. He must have only damaged the __________. A. epidermis B. hypodermis C. dermis D. subcutaneous layer

epidermis

what happens to epithelial tissue damaged from a superficial paper cut? A. epithelial tissue heals by fibrosis B. epithelial tissue heals by regeneration C. epithelial tissue is replaced by scar tissue D. epithelial tissue is replaced by dense irregular connective tissue

epithelial tissue heals by regeneration

protein channels that are situated between cells and create small pores for the passage of small substances are known as: A. gap junctions B. occluding junctions C. desmosomes D. tight junctions

gap junctions

select the simplest sugar: A. sucrose B. glucose C. starch D. lactose

glucose

Which unicellular gland is responsible for mucus secretion? A. adipocyte B. fibroblast C. goblet cell D. mast cell

goblet cell

in laboratory, you will study the overall structure and shape of the femur bone without the aid of a microscope. This is a study known as: A. systemic anatomy B. microscopic anatomy C. gross anatomy D. regional anatomy

gross anatomy

what results when anabolism occurs more than catabolism in an organism? A. irritability B. movement C. growth D. excretion

growth

when you soak dirty dishes in your kitchen sink, you allow the water to break apart the bonds of the food stuck to your plates. this type of reaction is known as: A. hydrolysis B. neutralization C. dehydration synthesis D. anabolism

hydrolysis

water is mostly likely to dissolve a solute that is: A. hydrophobic B. hydrophilic C. nonpolar D. a lipid

hydrophilic

which of the following increases the rate of a reaction? A. cold temperatures B. solid reactants C. increased reactant concentration D. absence of a catalyst

increased reactant concentration

cytosol is also known as: A. extracellular fluid (ECF) B. the cytoskeleton C. blood plasma D. intracellular fluid (ICF)

intracellular fluid (ICF)

Na+ is best known a(n): A. molecule B. macromolecule C. ion D. compound

ion

the formation of a cation and an anion is indicative of a(n): A. ionic bond B. polar bond C. non polar bond D. covalent bond

ionic bond

resting membrane potential is due to unequal concentrations of: A. phospholipids and proteins B. ions C. acids and bases D. water molecules

ions

What major organs are housed in the thoracic cavity? A. lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea B. brain and spinal cord C. urinary bladder, reproductive organs D. stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas

lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea

what varies from one isotope of an element to another isotope of the same element? A. mass number B. number of protons C. atomic number D. both the atomic number and the number of protons

mass number

Dr. Mitchell performs open heart surgery. the incision he makes through the sternal region of his patient divides the thoracic cavity into equal left and right parts. this incision must be made along a: A. transverse (horizontal) plane B. midsagittal (median) plane C. frontal (coronal) plane D. sagittal plane

midsagittal (median) plane

Muscle cells require an abundant amount of ATP to function. Therefore, muscle cells have numerous: A. mitochondria B. cytoskeleton C. endoplasmic reticulum D. Golgi apparatus

mitochondria

the four most common elements, comprising 96% if the body's mass, are: A. oxygen, potassium, iron, copper B. chlorine, sodium, magnesium, potassium C. oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon D. carbon, sodium, phosphorus, sulfur

oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon

on the pH scale, which number has the highest concentration of hydrogen ions? A. pH 10 B. pH 7 C. pH 1 D. pH 5

pH 1

what would a needle travel through as it enters the right lung? A. visceral pleura, serous fluid, parietal pleura, right lung B. parietal pleura, serous fluid, right lung, visceral pleura C. parietal pleura, serous fluid, visceral pleura, right lung D. visceral pericardium, serous fluid, parietal pericardium, right lung

parietal pleura, serous fluid, visceral pleura, right lung

Cells found associated with connective tissue proper that ingest foreign substances, microorganisms, and dead and damaged cells are: A. mast cells B. phagocytes C. adipocytes D. fibroblasts

phagocytes

the main structural component of cell membranes is: A. cholesterol B. triglycerides C. steroids D. phospholipids

phospholipids

hydrogen bonds may occur between: A. polar molecules B. non polar covalent molecules C. metals D. ions

polar molecules

which of the following fatty acid chains has the most double bonds? A. monounsaturated fatty acid B. glycerol C. saturated fatty acid D. polyunsaturated fatty acid

polyunsaturated fatty acid

A tissue is more likely to heal by regeneration if it: A. is amitotic B. is avascular C. possesses stem cells D. lacks satellite cells

possesses stem cells

amino acids are the monomers for: A. nucleic acids B. carbohydrates C. lipids D. proteins

proteins

the atomic number represents the number of: A. protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom B. neutrons in the atom C. electrons in the atom D. protons in an atom

protons in an atom

active transport processes: A. moves solutes from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. B. move solutes with or along their concentration gradients. C. require cells to expend energy (ATP). D. move solutes through the phospholipid bilayer with the use of integral proteins.

require cells to expend energy (ATP)

which of the following best describes secondary active transport? A. secondary active transport involves the movement of a substance into a cell with its concentration gradient. B. secondary active transport occurs when one substance is coupled with the passive transport of a second substance. C. secondary active transport involves the movement of a substance into a cell through a protein channel with its concentration gradient. D. secondary active transport involves the movement of water by osmosis into a cell.

secondary active transport occurs when one substance is coupled with the passive transport of a second substance

during osmosis, water moves across a selectively permeable membrane toward a solution with: A. more water molecules B. the highest solute concentration C. the lowest osmotic pressure D. the lowest solute concentration

the highest solute concentration

which of the following describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane structure? A. the phospholipid bilayer is embedded with associated proteins, cholesterol and sugars and has a dynamic arrangement. B. the plasma membrane is composed of two layers of proteins embedded with lipids. C. phospholipids consist of a polar head and a nonpolar tail made of three fatty acid chains. D. the lipid bilayer is solid at body temperature, thus protecting the cell.

the phospholipid bilayer is embedded with associated proteins, cholesterol and sugars and has a dynamic arrangement

which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane? A. The plasma membrane is compose of cristae. B. The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell. C. the plasma membrane is a double layer of protein enclosing the plasma. D. the plasma membrane is a single-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell.

the plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

cells in the epidermis of the skin need to be held tightly together so that an impermeable barrier to fluids is created. what type of junction performs this function? A. gap junction B. intercalated disc C. desmosome D. tight junction

tight junction

Histology is the study of: A. tissues B. diseases C. cells D. atoms

tissues

what predicts the element to which an atom belongs? A. total number of protons B. number of electrons in the first shell C. total number of electrons D. total number of neutrons

total number of protons

energy is released when ATP is broken down into ADP. A. True B. False

true

growing new muscle proteins through the assembly of amino acids is a type of dehydration synthesis reaction. A. True B. false

true

the two general types of energy are potential energy and kinetic energy. A. true B. false

true

under what conditions would the skin produce sweat and experience cutaneous vasodilation? A. upon increase in body temperature B. due to a lack of oxygen C. upon exposure to UV radiation D. union decrease in body temperature

upon increase in body temperature

which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? A. sensation B. protection C. vitamin A synthesis D. thermoregulation

vitamin A synthesis

the main component of the cytosol is: A. organelles B. sugars C. water D. the nucleus

water