compu mid term 2
Field
(column): Basic unit of data stored
Record
(row): A group of related fields
hashtag
A hashtag (ex: #GlobalWarming) labels a tweet as belonging to a particular discussion topic, such that users can receive tweets on that topic.
Primary key
A record's unique identifier
text
A spreadsheet cell contains A5 + B5 what type of value is this
formula
An important spreadsheet feature allows a user to type a formula in a cell to compute that cell's value based on other cells' values. The formula begins with = followed by a math expression using operators like +, -, *, /, and parentheses (). Another cell's value can be included using that cell's row letter and column number, as in: = 3 * A1.
Mac OS X operating system.
Another OS story is how Apple's pushing out of and then rehiring 11 years later of founder Steve Jobs led to Apple's popular Mac OS X operating system. Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak were friends in the early 1970's in northern California due to common interests in electronics and computers. Jobs and Wozniak founded Apple Computer in 1976 to build personal computers, a new and exciting kind of computer at the time.
mp3
Common compressed audio file formats include
Google Docs
Free Collaboration Not as many features as desktop app
formula can maintain
Functions (SUM, AVERAGE, etc.)
Mac OS X provides the Activity Monitor app
Guided by this information, a user can know which apps to quit.
device drivers.
Hide complex details of interacting with hardware devices like a keyboard, screen, mouse, drive, USB, network, etc. The OS portions that interface with hardware are often called
Operating System
Manages applications (single-tasking vs multi-tasking)
Operating System
Manages the resources of a computer (i.e. the hardware)
Operating System
Memory management Loads program into RAM from storage device when program is executed Loads data files into RAM from storage when opened Virtual memory / swap file / paging
themes
Presentation apps contain a library of slideshow themes consisting predefined color palettes, backgrounds, and text formatting to provide a cohesive style throughout the presentation.
Popular presentation apps include PowerPoint, KeyNote, Impress, and Google Slides
Presentation files are stored using special filename extensions such as .ppt, .pptx, .odp, or .key.
digital rights management (DRM)
Purchased videos that are stored rather than streamed, such as when purchased from an app like iTunes, often include additional features known as digital rights management (DRM), to discourage unauthorized copying.
device drivers
The OS portions that interface with hardware are often called
multitasking os
The ability of an operating system to run more than one application at the same time is known as_____-
netflix
The largest movie and TV show streaming company in the world , whose traffic accounts for over 30% of all Internet traffic (source).
memory leak
The longer the app runs, the more memory the app uses, even though the app doesn't really need the additional memory.
LZ compression
algorithm (named for creators Lempel and Ziv) examines data for long repeating patterns such as phrases, and creates a dictionary entry for such patterns.
frame
and the number of frames per second (fps) is the frame rate.
audio player
app plays an audio file such that the audio can be heard, by sending numbers one at a time to a digital-to-analog converter, at the specified rate.
Validation
ensures data is correctly entered as the data is added to the database. Periodic updates to the database ensure data is up-to-date.
backup
file is a copy of a file intended as a replacement in case the original file is lost.
Microsoft Office document
file is used by the Microsoft Word (.docx), PowerPoint (.pptx), and Excel (.xlsx) apps to save each apps' files in a way suitable for later editing.
Windows Explorer,
for users to manage folder/file/app items
VLC
free VLC app is a popular download for Mac and WIndows machines due to supporting nearly all common video file formats.
cleaning up a drive
good OS user should occasionally remove unneeded files, folders, and apps, known as cleaning up a drive. Deleting largest items first is logical. A user might copy less needed items to a portable drive or cloud storage before deleting.
Gates and Allen thus started Microsoft
in 1975 to create and sell an implementation of the BASIC high-level programming language for a particular PC of that time.
manual backup
involves a user intentionally copying files to another location.
database
is a collection of data organized to enable efficient information retrieval. A company may use a database to gather information regarding current inventory or to forecast trends. A database may be on a local computer, but is commonly kept by a network server.
word processor
is a common computer application for creating formatted text.
spreadsheet application
is a common computer application for representing tables of data like text or numbers, for using formulas to calculate data from other data (like sums or averages), and for creating graphical charts from data.
presentation app
is a computer application used to create a slideshow of text and graphics, often with animation.
primary key
is a database table, a_________ key to uniquely identify entry
Wikipedia
is a free, online encyclopedia composed of crowd-sourced articles, begun in 2001. The name Wikipedia is based on a combination of the words "wiki" and "encyclopedia"
iOS
is a graphical OS developed by Apple in 2007 for Apple smartphones and tablets. A key iOS feature is that most user operations involve touching the screen, using multiple fingers and gestures (like swiping or pinching), rather than typing or using a mouse. has some Unix basis.
Mac OS X
is a graphical OS developed by Apple in the early 2000's, based on the Unix OS. Mac OS X was preceded by early Mac OS versions dating back to 1984, which were not Unix-based. First successful os that people actually bought.
Windows
is a graphical OS developed by Microsoft in the mid-to-late 1980s. Windows was originally a simple graphical interface to MS DOS, but later versions were developed new without MS DOS and with powerful graphical features.
Android
is a graphical OS released by Google in 2007 for smartphones and tablets, based on the Linux OS. also emphasizes interactions via screen touches.
multi-user OS
is a multitasking OS that runs multiple users' applications, keeping each user's applications and files separate, and switching among applications fast enough (typically thousands of times per second) to give the user the illusion of being the only user on the computer.
SQL (Structured Query Language)
is a popular language to run operations on databases. SQL became a standardized language in 1986 and is used in a number of DBMS' such as Oracle Database and Microsoft Access. commonly used in queries
Troubleshooting
is a process of determining the cause of a computer problem, and ideally solving the problem. Experienced troubleshooters may follow a methodical two-step troubleshooting process: Predict a probable cause of the problem, and Test the prediction by doing something to confirm or deny the prediction. If not confirmed, repeat step 1 (possibly with a different prediction).
video
is a series of slightly-differing images shown fast enough to appear continuous to humans. Each image in video is known as a frame
is a social network site whose users send and read short 140-character messages called "tweets." The 140-character limit came originally from that limit imposed on cell phone text messages, where early tweets were sent/read.
is a social networking site intended primarily for professionals to share background and qualifications with other professionals and with companies, akin to an online resume.
slide master
is a template that stores theme information and defines the layout of text boxes, colors, fonts, and formatting.
Linux
is a version of Unix developed in the early 1990's by Finnish college student Linus Torvalds, with Linux popular today due in part to being free and open-source, and with people around the world continuing development. was originally text based; popular Linux versions today like Ubuntu have a graphical interface.
wiki
is a website that enables collaborative development of content. Anyone can create, edit, or improve a Wikipedia article.
Crowdsourcing
is an approach to developing content that involves having the users (the "crowd") be the contributors, rather than using highly-paid professionals. Wikepedia's crowdsourcing approach not only enables Wikipedia to be free, but also has led to far more articles than found in professionally-produced encyclopedias.
MP4
is an international standard video format, since the early 2000's. MP4 is similar to the MOV format, known for having high compression while maintaining quality. MP4 is growing in popularity due to being made part of HTML5, meaning most modern web browsers can play MP4 video.
audio file
is basically a series of numbers of sampled audio voltages, along with the sampling rate.
is the most widely-used social networking site, focused on connecting friends who share items like photos, videos, thoughts, invitations to events, and more.
YouTube
is the most widely-used video-sharing website, which allows users to upload videos, supports easy search of videos, and suggests other videos related to a watched video.
font size
is typically expressed in points
Lossless compression
loses no information, so that decompression yields an identical file to the original
Lossy compression
loses some information, so the decompressed file is close but not identical to the original.
automated backup system
makes regular backups of a user's files, either as the files are updated, or on a schedule like daily or weekly.
digital signal,
meaning as a series of numbers—digital means countable like a hand's fingers (fingers are also known as "digits", hence the word "digital").
analog signal
meaning the signal changes continuously over time, like a flowing river.
Streaming
means to play video directly from the Internet (such as from YouTube, Netflix, etc.), using a web browser or other app, without ever storing the video as a file on a device.
Streaming
means to play video directly from the Internet in a web browser or other app without ever storing the video on a device.
multitasking OS may continue to run
multitasking OS may continue to run those previous apps, which occupy valuable CPU time and memory, causing the user's current app to run slowly.
single tasking os
ocusing on one thing until it is completed
text file
only stores text without any formatting information, and typically has a filename extension like myfile.txt.
Windows the Task Manager app
or seeing each app's CPU and memory usage.
audio
or sound, is the vibration of air molecules that human ears can detect.
cells
organized into columns labeled A, B, ... and rows labeled 1, 2, ...; a spreadsheet user can type data in each cell.
Compression
reduces the size of a file.
Font
refers to particular text style features, such as the shape, thickness, and spacing of text characters
integrity
refers to the accuracy of the data in the database
Unix
s an OS developed in the late 1960's by AT&T Bell Laboratories, focusing on multi-user support, and written in the C high-level language rather than assembly to ease implementations on different computers. is text based, requiring typing to view, copy, move, or delete files or folders, or to run programs.
social networking
site connects people, via common interests, backgrounds, real-life connections, etc.
Plug-and-play
starts automatically
relational database
stores information in tables composed of rows and columns. Relational databases contain the following:
filename extension
such as myfile.pdf for a PDF file. The extension informs users and applications of the file's type.
multitasking OS
supports running multiple applications seemingly simultaneously, akin to a chef stirring the sauce a bit, then shaking a frying pan a bit, then stirring again, then shaking again, etc.
devise drivers
the portions of an operating system that interfaces with hardcore devices, such as printers are called
points
the size of characters is typically expressed in ______ which is 3/72 of an inch
IBM
was known for building large business computers. IBM asked Gates for an operating system for the IBM PC, but Gates declined—perhaps because a PC's operating system back then was just a boring small piece of software, whereas BASIC seemed like the future of software.
Friendster
was one of the first large social networking sites, started in 2002, mostly for gamers.
