Computer Hardware

Personal computer CPU clock speeds range between ____.

1-4 gigahertz

Place the following steps in order to use the Disk Cleanup app on a Windows computer. Place the first step on top.

1. Click the cortana icon to open the search window 2. Type disk cleanup 3. In the disk cleanup dialog box, select the unused files 4. Click ok

Put the steps of the information processing cycle in the correct order, with the first step at the top.

1. input 2. process 3. output 4. store

Sometimes called a convertible laptop, a type of laptop that has a removable, or concealed keyboard as well as a touchscreen so that it can be used as a tablet is called a(n) ___

2-in-1

Which two of the following are correct statements regarding all-in-one computers?

All-in-one computers house every component except the keyboard and mouse inside the same case as the monitor. An all-in-one computer is a stationary device with a separate keyboard and mouse. The motherboard is housed behind the monitor.

Fetch

An instruction is obtained from memory

Smartphone

Behind the touchscreen

Laptop

Beneath the keyboard

Another name for a computer's processor is the:

CPU

Which computer component found on the motherboard (magnified in the image) is often called the brains of the computer?

CPU

Which of the following computers might contain a traditional (magnetic) hard drive?

Dell desktop computer

Desktop computer

Designed for power users. Has a relatively large footprint.

Laptop computer

Designed for those who need a mobile computer but need to enter a large amount of data

All-in-one computer

Designed to stay on a desk. Provides a large monitor but takes up less space than a desktop computer

Click 3 characteristics of desktop computers.

Desktops allow for relatively easy upgrade and expansion. Desktops are often used in offices since they do not need to be mobile. Desktops use a full OS.

Which of the following provide data storage?

External hard drive Server bank solid-state drive (SSD)

Select two characteristics of a solid-state drive (SSD).

Extremely fast No moving parts

Which four steps are the part of the machine cycle?

Fetch, decode, execute, and store

The amount of space a device takes up on a desk or table is referred to as its _____.

Footprint

Intel

Founded in 1968, this is the world's largest designer of computer chips. Its i5, i7, and i9 chips dominate the personal computer market

AMD

Founded in 1969, this company's technology is featured inside most gaming consoles including the PS5

Nvidia

Founded in 1993, produces popular mobile device processors

Which three of the following are commonly associated with laptop computers?

Full operating system Mobile Integrated keyboard, monitor, and touchpad

Which two of the following are computers?

Gaming console Smartphone

Which three of the following devices are computers?

Gaming platform Laptop Smartphone

Tablet computer

Highly mobile device that can be used while standing or even walking

Desktop

In tower or chassis

The largest chip designing and manufacturing company in the world is ___

Intel

Select 3 characteristics of a tablet computer. Multiple select question.

Is highly mobile Has as a touchscreen Usually has a mobile operating system

The small amount of memory, located within the CPU itself, is referred to as ___ cache.

L1

Which important process is performed by the CPU?

Machine cycle

Match the location of the motherboard in each device.

Match the location of the motherboard in each device.

L1 cache

Memory located directly on the processor itself

L3 cache

Memory located next to the processor

Disk cache

Memory used to increase a hard drive's efficiency

Mainframe

More powerful than a server, less powerful than a supercomputer. Not designed to calculate huge formulas, but able to manage thousands of transactions simultaneously. Often operated by businesses such as large banks or credit card companies.

Supercomputer

Most powerful type of computer. Many of these are owned by research universities and government agencies such as the NSA. NASA uses them to determine gravitational fluctuations that might indicate additional planets in the solar system

Which three of the following are common types of servers?

Network Server Web Server File Server

___ can damage a processor if not properly executed. It will also void your warranty.

Overclocking

The Apple iPod, Google Chromecast, Amazon Kindle Fire and Roku are examples of _____ Media Players.

Personal

Programs and data currently being used by the processor are placed in the ___.

RAM

____ is actually storage since it retains data and information when the power has been turned off.

ROM (Read-Only Memory)

Decode

The instructions are converted into something the computer can understand

Execute

The processor completes the instruction

Store

The results are placed in memory before the next instruction is executed

Checking the hard drive on a device running Windows 10 can be done using the ___ app

This PC

Which three of the following are external storage devices?

Universal serial bus (USB) drive Optical (DVD) drive External hard drive

File Server

Used for data storage.

Web Server

Used to control access to resources on the Web.

Network Server

Used to control access to resources such as printers and applications on a network.

For which of the following two reasons, you might purchase a tablet computer rather than a laptop?

You need a highly mobile computer that works well for reading e-books or Netflix You need a computer that you can use while walking

A stationary (non-mobile) computer that combines the power of a desktop with a neat, clean, look is a(n):

all-in-one

Devices that integrate the computer case (chassis) and system components into the monitor, but have an external keyboard and mouse are called ___ computers

all-in-one

Smartphones owe much of their popularity and computing flexibility to ___ .

apps (applications)

A high-speed storage area usually located directly on the CPU is called

cache

Hard drive ___ is the amount of storage you have available to save data and information.

capacity

Clock speed, also referred to as _____ _____, is the speed at which the processor performs the operations required to run a digital device and instructions executed by the digital device.

clock rate

A digital device that accepts input, processes and stores the input, and provides output is a ____.

computer

A digital device that accepts input, processes data into information, stores data, and provides output is a

computer

As you use your hard drive new files will be deleted and added. This can create a slower, more disorganized hard drive. To speed it up you may want to ___ your hard drive. This process reduces unused disk sectors.

defragment

This personal computer is a good choice for gamers who want to be able to expand its capabilities and for families with children who might drop a laptop. It's called a

desktop computer

Memory, such as RAM or cache, is __ and has no moving parts.

electronic (solid state)

A computer that is integrated (is a part of) with a larger device, such as a programmable thermostat, is called a(n) ___ computer. It has a real-time operating system (RTOS).

embedded

Small computers that are a component of other devices are called ___ computers.

embedded

Most tablets have solid-state drive (SSD) capacities measured in terabytes (TBs).

false

The only major difference between MacBooks and the Dell laptops is their prices.

false

Typical SSD capacities for tablet computers or smartphones are measured in _____.

gigabytes

The physical parts of a computer, such as the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and system unit are called computer ___ .

hardware

Which of the following terms refers to the physical parts of a computer system?

hardware

Because they have no moving parts, solid-state drives (SSDs) costs tend to be ___.

higher

Memory, such as a computer's RAM ___

holds data and programs being used by the processor.

A multicore processor has the ability to execute two or more sets of instructions at the same time. This is called _____.

hyperthreading

A two-in-one computer combines a large tablet computer with a (usually) detachable ___

keyboard

A mobile hinged computer with an integrated keyboard that uses a full operating system is called a notebook or a ____ computer.

laptop

Fetch, decode, execute, and store are steps of the _____ cycle.

machine

A desktop computer will typically use a ___ for most internal storage.

magnetic hard drive

An organization that needs to process thousands of simultaneous transactions probably has a ___ computer

mainframe

While not designed to solve complex technical formulas, a computer that is more powerful than a server computer, and used by organizations to process large numbers of transactions simultaneously is called a

mainframe

The devices shown in the image (iPod, Chromecast, Roku, etc.) are referred to as Personal ___ Players

media

A laptop typically has __ RAM than a smartphone.

more

The system unit of a computer houses the computer's main circuit board. This circuit board, which holds the CPU, is called the

motherboard

Cache contains frequently accessed data and is ___.

much smaller than computer's RAM

Two or more complete processors residing on the same chip and can execute two or more sets of instructions at a time is called a ___-core processor.

multi

Two or more complete processors residing on the same chip and capable of executing two or more sets of instructions at a time is called a ____-core processor.

multi

When a computer is shut down, the information in the memory (the RAM, the caches, the registers) is ___.

not saved

Running the processor faster than recommended by the manufacturer is called _____. This can increase performance and speed, but also can also void the manufacturer warranty.

overclocking

Digital device manufactures include separate chips of storage (nonvolatile) that contain instructions not designed to be rewritten or removed. An example of these instructions includes the basic input-output system (BIOS). This type of storage is separate from the hard drive and is referred to as ___ -only memory (ROM).

read

In an all-in-one computer, such as the one pictured in the image, the motherboard is housed behind the

screen

A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users is called a

server

A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users is called a ___

server

A processor composed of one control unit and one arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is called a:

single-core processor

A processor with one control unit and one arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is called a ____.

single-core processor

A cell phone that allows you to surf the web is called a(n) ___. This is actually a powerful computer capable of accepting input, processing data into information, providing data, and storing data.

smartphone

Which of these devices has the least (RAM)?

smartphone

A hardware component that keeps data and information when the device is not powered is called a ____ device.

storage

Devices allowing the retention of data, when your computer has been shut down, for future use are called __.

storage

The four basic functions of a computer are to: 1 - accept data input 2 - process data into information 3 - present output 4 - provide __________

storage

The most powerful computers, ___ , can evaluate complex data very quickly. Many of these computers in the United States are owned by the government or major research institutions and can cost $1 million dollars or more.

supercomputers

The location of the computer's ___ unit, which houses a computer's motherboard, depends on the type of computer. For example, in this laptop, it is located under the keyboard.

system

A computer that is highly mobile, often has a smaller operating system (OS), and uses a touchscreen as the primary input method is called a _____.

tablet