Computer Networking IT1080

What three general properties define a packet switched paradigm?

-No set-up required before communication begins -Performance varies due to statistical multiplexing among packets -Arbitrary, asynchronous communication

A byte is defined as

8 bits

Which is the correct form for creating a hyperlink in HTML?

<a href= "http://www.uc.edu" > University of Cincinnati</a>

How is an email link created in HTML?

<a href= "mailto:[email protected]">

Which is the correct tag to make text bold?

<b>

How is a single blank line inserted in HTML?

<br />

Which is the correct HTML tag for inserting a line break?

<br>

Select the correct tag for the largest header in HTML.

<h1>

Which is the correct HTML tag for making text italic?

<i>

Which are correct tags for sizing an image?

<img src= "Imagename.format" alt= "ImageTitle" width= "360" height= "280" />

What is the correct HTML tag for creating a checkbox?

<img src= "imagename.format" alt= "ImageName"/>

How are numbered lists created in HTML?

<ol>

Which tags are tags used with tables in HTML?

<table> <tr><td>

Which is the correct HTML used to right-align the contents of a cell in a table?

<td align= "right" >

How are bulleted lists created in HTML?

<ul>

Select the two purposes of version information in HTTP?

Allows servers to choose highest version that is understood by both sender and receiver. Permits protocol to change and still preserve backwards compatibility.

TCP/IP: name of Layer 5.

Application

Select the four types of personal area network (PAN) technologies.

Bluetooth InfraRed ISM wireless ZigBee

The Protocol Data Unit (PDU) at the Physical layer is called

Byte

Select three of the functions of a network interface card (NIC).

CRC computation Frame recognition Address recognition

Which IP address class provides the largest number of host identifiers?

Class A

How are colors represented in HTML?

Colors are represented as HEX values in two-digit pairs

Why are computers based on a binary numbering system?

Computers only understand two states such as "high/low" or "true/false"

Which Internet stream service operates similar to a telephone call?

Connection-oriented

What is the purpose of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)?

DHCP allows a computer to move to a new network and obtain configuration data without manually making the changes.

The Protocol Data Unit (PDU) at the Application layer is called

Data

Which fields are contained in the Ethernet frame header?

Destination Address Source Address Type field

Data created at the Application layer is passed through the Transport, Internet, and Network Interface layer where header information is added. The information then is presented to the Physical layer where it it converted into signals to be sent across then network. This process is called

Encapsulation

Exam 2

Exam 2

Exam 3

Exam 3

A license is required to operate transmission equipment is all ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum.

False

A repeater is an analog device used to broadcast messages across a Wide Area Network (WAN).

False

Address Resolution Protocol forms a conceptual boundary in the protocol stack: layers below ARP use IP addresses, and layers above ARP use MAC addresses.

False

Address Resolution Protocol is used for address binding for IPv4 and IPv6 addressing.

False

Address masks in an Internet forwarding table can never overlap.

False

An IPv4 address identifies an application on a specific computer.

False

Communication between two parties on a circuit switched network is affected by communication between other parties sharing a common medium.

False

Each hexadecimal character represents 8 bits in binary.

False

ISDN technology is one of the main technologies used to provide high-speed data communication service over a local loop.

False

In parallel transmission, the number of wires are always in multiples of eight.

False

Increasing the length of the transmission medium is necessary in order to send signals across greater distances on a LAN.

False

Local area networks spans a major city or metropolitan.

False

Low Earth Orbit Satellites are defined as orbiting up to 2000 Kilometres, having a short propagation delay, and easy to track.

False

Parallel transmission sends one bit at a time over a transmission medium.

False

Replay errors occur when a duplicate packet arrives causing packets to arrive out of sequence.

False

Routers, unlike other devices on a network, use all five layers of the TCP/IP reference model.

False

Static routing allows automatically updates when there are major route changes.

False

The Internet communication stream paradigm can run over TCP or UDP.

False

The SOURCE ADDRESS in an IP datagram contains a list of addresses for all intermediate routers a packet passes through as it travels across the Internet.

False

The fundamental delivery method used on the Internet is connection-orientated service.

False

The number of entries in a router's forwarding table is proportional to the number of hosts in the Internet.

False

The two basic approaches to construct a forwarding table in a router are called static routing and default routing.

False

UDP is a connection-oriented communication paradigm and that needs to pre-establish communication before sending data.

False

User Data Protocol (UDP) only allows a 1-to-1 interaction in which the application exchanges messages with exactly one other application.

False

Each character in hexadecimal represents 8 bits in binary.

False, Each hexadecimal character represents 4 bits in binary

The Protocol Data Unit (PDU) at the Network Interface layer is called

Frame

The HTTP request type _______ is used to request a document.

GET

Which of the following does not describe a characteristics of HTML?

HTML is a programming language used to write web pages.

Which transmission mechanism involves a shared transmission medium?

Half-duplex

Which portion of a packet contains layer-specific information needed to accurately process the packet?

Header

What is the term used to describe an end system that connects to the Internet and runs applications?

Host

What does HTML stand for?

Hypertext Markup Language

Which two Internet protocols allow a client to identify a server?

IP address and port number

The IP source address and the ______ field is used to reassemble fragments that arrive out-of-order in an IP datagram.

Identification

What is the purpose of the <!--> tag?

Insert a comment

TCP/IP: name of Layer 3.

Internet

Which layer of the TCP/IP model is responsible for routing packets across networks?

Internet

What is the purpose of a bridge?

It connects two LAN segments.

What is Domain Name System (DNS)?

It is a service that maps human-readable symbolic names to computer addresses.

What is the purpose of the TIME TO LIVE field in the IP header?

It prevents a datagram from circulating forever in a circular path.

Why does light travel around a bend in an optical fiber?

Light reflects when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle.

Which type of routing protocol requires the packet switches to send messages periodically across the network carrying the status of a link between the two packet switches?

Link-State Routing

Why do organizations seldom use a single router to connect all of its network?

Multiple routers improve reliability and avoids a single point of failure. An organization buys multiple inexpensive routers and upgrade them independently when their capacity is exceeded.

TCP/IP: name of Layer 2.

Network Interface

Which layer of the TCP/IP model is responsible for connecting devices on the same network?

Network Interface

The IEEE 802.15 standard applies to wireless ______ communication.

PAN

The HTTP request type ______ is used to send data to a server where it replaces a specific item.

PUT

TCP/IP: name of Layer 1.

Physical

The transport layer uses what type of unique identifiers to provide application to applications communication?

Port numbers

Which of the following is a media that does not use light energy to carry information?

Radio waves

How can HTML source code be viewed in an IE browser?

Right-click page and select "View Source"

What does the do the <div> and <div /> tags define?

Sections or divisions

The Protocol Data Unit (PDU) at the Transport layer is called

Segment

What is the main benefit of synchronous transmissions?

Sender and receiver constantly remain synchronized

Wide Area Networks (WANs) use a hierarchical addressing scheme that is divided into two parts: ______ and ______ .

Site Computer at the site

Which organization is responsible for the Web standards?

The World Wide Web Consortium

What is the purpose of the header in an IP datagram?

The header contains information used to forward the datagram.

In the IP address assignment 10.53.113.0/24, what does the number 24 represent?

The number of bits assigned to the network address.

Describe the client-server model of interaction.

The server starts first and awaits contact by the client.

TCP/IP: name of Layer 4.

Transport

Which layer of the TCP/IP reference model specifies the messages and procedures that are used to ensure reliable transfer?

Transport

A Media Access Control address is divided into a 3-byte organizational unique ID and a 3-byte block that identifies a particular network interface card (NIC).

True

A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) switch allows a manager to configure a switch to emulate multiple, independent switches.

True

A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) switch allows the switch to be reconfigured to emulate multiple, independent switches.

True

A browser can reduce download times significantly by saving a copy of each image in a cache on the user's disk and using the cached copy.

True

A concurrent server uses threads of control to handle requests from multiple clients at the same time.

True

A host computer with multiple network connections is said to be multi-homed.

True

A layer 2 switch is an electronic device that resembles a hub but simulates a bridged network that has only one computer per LAN segment.

True

A maximum length specification of the local area network is a fundamental part of LAN technology because hardware is engineered to emit a fixed amount of energy.

True

A packet switch does not need to keep complete information about how to reach all possible computers; it only needs to know which outgoing link to use to reach a given switch.

True

A packet using the message paradigm is limited to 64 K bytes per message.

True

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cannot be used to resolve the address of another computer on a remote network.

True

An Internet address is a unique binary number assigned to a host and used for all communication with the host.

True

Asynchronous transmission can occur at any time with an arbitrary delay between the transmission of two data items.

True

Crossover cables are used to connect switches to each other.

True

Each User Data Protocol datagram is encapsulated in an IP datagram for transmission across the Internet.

True

Each packet of data that crosses the Internet travels independently and contains information that identifies the intended recipient.

True

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a representation protocol standard that specifies the syntax for a web page.

True

In point-to-point communications, laser beams have the advantage of being suitable for use outdoors and can span greater distances than infrared.

True

In the Internet, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a transport-layer protocol that provides reliability.

True

Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) Satellites provide communication at the North and South Poles

True

Network Address Translation (NAT) allows multiple computers at a site to share a single, globally valid IP address.

True

One way to reduce interference from noise is to place metal between a source of noise and the communicating medium.

True

Ping and traceroute commands are both forms of Internet Control Message Protocol messages.

True

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) can only transfer text messages.

True

The IPv6 divides header information into a base header and a series of smaller, optional extension headers.

True

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) handles IP address assignment and dispute resolution.

True

The User Data Protocol (UDP) does not divide a message into multiple packets, and does not combine messages for delivery-- each message that an application sends is transported across the Internet and delivered to the receiver.

True

The appropriate response to congestion consists of reducing the rate at which packets are being transmitted.

True

The designation of the various types of Ethernet cabling, such as 1000BaseT, defines both the type of cable and the data rate.

True

The expense of packet switching technologies depend on the distances they span.

True

The most widely used form of light energy medium is fiber optics.

True

The purpose of fiber modem extensions is to accept packets over the Ethernet interface and send over optical fiber, and accept packets off the optical fiber and send them over the Ethernet interface.

True

The server must be running before the client can make contact.

True

User Data Protocol (UDP) only suffices for applications such as voice or video that can tolerate delivery errors.

True

We use the term Internet, written with an uppercase I, to refer to the global Internet and the associated protocols.

True

When a fragment is lost the entire packet must be retransmitted.

True

Wireless technologies can be classified broadly according to network types, such as Local Area Networks (LAN), Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), and Personal Area Networks (PAN) .

True

Zero compression is used to reduce the size of the IP address by replacing sequences of zeros with two colons in IPv6 addressing.

True

Which field in an Ethernet frame provides demultiplexing that allows a computer to have multiple protocols operating simultaneously?

Type

What is the purpose of byte stuffing?

Used to distinguish between data and control information

The IP address 127.0.0.1 is commonly used to test network applications and is called ______ .

a loopback address.

The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the standard protocol that

a mail transfer program uses to move a copy of an email from one computer to another.

Address resolution is

a mapping between a protocol address and a hardware address.

The stream transport model in the Internet refers to

a sequence of bytes flowing from one application program to another

The purpose of a repeater is to

amplify a signal.

Serial transmission can be divided into the following classifications:

asynchronous, synchronous, and isochronous.

A mechanism used to connect two LAN segments and forward frames from one segment to another is called a

bridge.

Narrowband technologies include all the following except

cable modem technologies.

In a message transport model in the Internet, each message delivered will never be

combined with multiple messages

Peer-to-peer service is implemented as one way to avoid creating a central bottleneck in network connections. Peer-to-peer architecture is defined as

data distributed equally among a set a server and each client request is sent to the appropriate server.

A packet sent across a TCP/IP Internet is called an IP ______ .

datagram

Software displays IPv4 addresses in a notation that is more convenient for humans to understand called ____________ notation.

dotted decimal

Two broad classes are used to distinguish between physical media (such as copper wiring or optical fibers) that provide a specific path and radio transmissions that travel in all directions through space. These terms are _______ and ______.

guided, unguided

The system designed to provide steady bit flow for applications that use voice or video is known as ______ transmission.

isochronous

Optical fiber has several properties that make it more desirable than copper wiring. These advantages include all except

lower overall cost

A host that connects to multiple networks is called ______ .

multihomed

Random electromagnetic radiation is called

noise

The term local subscriber line or local loop describes the

physical connection between a telephone company and a subscriber's location.

DCHP does not require each individual network to have a server. Instead, a DHCP ___________ forwards requests and responses between a client and the server.

relay agent

Internet Control Message Protocol is used to _______________________ and ___________________________.

send relay error messages. send informational messages.

Transport protocols use _____________ to handle duplicate packets and out-of-order packet deliveries.

sequencing

Circuit switching provides

the illusion of an isolated physical path between a sender and a receiver.

The primary motivation for the newer version of IP addressing arose from

the need for a larger address space.

The purpose of Name Resolution is to

translate a domain name into an address.

Bridges do not blindly forward a copy of each frame from one LAN to another. Instead, bridges

use the destination MAC address and do not forward the frame to a LAN segment unless necessary.

To control the flow of data, TCP uses a ____________ to measure in bytes the amount of buffer space available.

window

An optimization that replaces sequences of zeroes in an IPv6 address is called ______.

zero compression