Computer Science 105- Test 1
To make your computer faster, you can add more ____ The more of this a computer has, the more instructions and data it can store
RAM
Memory that constantly changes while the computer is on and clears when the computer is turned off
RAM -random access memory
A _______ connects devices on a network and controls traffice between them so all devices can access the network
Router
____________ is where the data you create and the instructions you use remain when you are not using them
Storage
hardware
physical components of a computer
Monitor screens are divided into a matrix of small dots called ____________________
pixels
phishing
practice of sending email messages to customers of a legitimate website asking them to click a link in the email message
firewall
prevents malware on one computer from trying to access another computer
Data
refers to the words, numbers, figures, sounds, and graphics that describe people, events, things, and ideas.
The number of pixels the monitor displays is the screen ______________ is expressed as horizontal and vertical measurements, such as 1366x768, 1600x900, or 1920x1200.
resolution
Read-only memory
a chip on the motherboard prerecorded with instructions the computer uses to check its components to ensure they are working, and to activate the software that provides the computer's basic functionality when you turn it on.
Desktop Computers
are designed to sit on a desk and run on power from an electrical outlet.
All-in-one computers
are desktop computers, but the motherboard and CPU are part of the monitor instead of in a separate tower.
Laptop computers
are small, lightweight, and designed for portability. They can run on power supplied by an electrical outlet or on battery power.
Utilities
augment the operating system by taking over some of its responsibility for allocating hardware resources
a series of 8 bits is called a _________________
byte
Solid state drives
hard drives that are faster and tend to be more reliable than magnetic hard drives
system software
helps computer carry out its basic operating tasks
application software
helps the user carry out a variety of specific tasks
World Wide Web
huge collection of information stored on network servers around the world
vertical viewing angle
indicates how far above or below the screen you can be and still see the images on the screen clearly
horizontal viewing angle
indicates how far to the side you can be and still see the images on the screen clearly
commands
instructions to the computer on how to process the data
software
intangible components of a computer system --particularly programs
Wi-Fi
is a standard radio frequency that allows you to transmit data wirelessly over medium-range distances
processing
is modifying data and executing commands
Screen size
is the diagonal measurement from one corner of the screen to the other (not including the plastic housing).
A bit
is the smallest piece of data a computer can process
supercomputers
largest and fastest computers developed for high-volume computing tasks such as weather prediction
Internet
largest network in the world
programs
lists of instructions the computer needs to perform a specific task
Network software
establishes the communication protocols observed on the network and controls the traffic flow as data travels throughout the network
input device
examples= keyboard or a mouse used to input data and issue commands
An _________ file contains the instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task
executable
A _______ is a named collection of stored data
file
All data and instructions are stored as ______
files
system software--what it does
manages the fundamental operations of your computer --loads programs and data into memory, executes programs, saves data to disks, displays info on the monitor, transmits data
smartphone
mobile device used to make and receive phone calles, send/receive texts
most common devices for displaying output are
monitors and printers
circuit board which is a rigid piece of insulating material with circuits, or electrical paths, on it that control specific functions
motherboard
___________ __________--is necessary in order for each computer to create a communication connection between the computer and the network
network adapter
ROM never changes and remains intact when the computer is is turned off, thus, it is called _________ memory or _________ memory
nonvolatile or permanent
spyware
tracks a computer user's internet usage and sends this data back to the company or person who created it
dot matrix printer
transfer ink to the paper by striking a ribbon with pins measured in characters per second
scanner
transfers the content on a piece of paper into memory
mainframe computers
used by larger businesses and gov agencies to centrally store, process, and manage large amounts of data
type of malware that instructs your computer to perform annoying or destructive activities such as erasing or damaging data and programs on your hard disk
virus
RAM is _________ memory or temporary memory
volatile
Collection of webpages
website
document production software
word-processing software, desktop publishing software, email editors, and web authoring software
Operating system
-controls the flow of input and output -allows programs to run properly so the user can multitask -manage files on your storage devices so you can open and save them -maintain security -protects against equipment failure
tera
1 trillion 1,000,000,000,000
kilo
1,000
mega
1,000,000
giga
1,000,000,000
petabyte
1000 terabytes
each character you type is represented by ___ bits
8
Computer
An electronic device that accepts information and instructions from a user, manipulates the information according to the instructions, displays the results in some way, and stores the information for retrieval later.
To store data on a CD, you need to record it on a ________ or ________
CD-R or CD-RW disc
CDs you buy with software or music already on them are ____________ you can read from them but not record additional data on them
CD-ROMS- compact disc read-only memory
Optical storage devices polycarbonate discs coated with a reflective metal on which data is recorded as a trail of tiny pits or dark spots on the surface of the disk
CDs and DVDs
PCs
Computers typically used by one person in a home or an office. Used for general computing tasks such as word processing, manipulating numbers, working with photographs or graphics, exchanging email, and accessing the Internet.
Personal Computers
Only use Microsoft Word
____________ ports allow data to be transmitted at high speeds so they are used to connect computers to one another or to the Internet.
Ethernet
some flat screen monitors use ______ technology which creates the image you see on the on the screen by manipulating light within a layer of liquid crystal
LCD- liquid crystal display
_____________, use the same technology as a photocopier to create a temporary image on paper and then spray it with a powdery substance called toner. The speed of this technology is measured in pages per minute (ppm). Popular in business settings
Laser printers
processing tasks occur in this location, which contains the processing hardware (the computer's major electronic components) and is located inside the computer
MOTHERBOARD
Random access memory
chips on cards that plug into the motherboard temporarily holds programs and data while the computer is on --allows computer to access that information randomly doesn't need to access data in the same sequence in which it was stored measured in gigabytes
database
collection of related data stored on one or more computers organized in a uniform format
Device Drivers
computer programs that handle transmission protocol between a computer and its peripherals by establishing communication between a computer and a device
server
computer that stores programs and data for multiple users authorized users connect to the server to run programs or access files
Network
connects one computer to other computers and peripheral devices-enabling you to share data and resources with others
A _______ file is created by a user
data
Cloud computing
data, applications, and resources are stored on servers accessed over the Internet rather than on users' computers and you can access only what you need when you need it
malware
describes any program that is intended to cause harm or convey information to others without the owner's permission
ergonomic
designed to fit the natural placement of your hands and should reduce the risk of repetitive motion injuries
most often used to print a large number of pages fairly quickly, or multipage, continuous forms such as payroll checks.
dot matrix printers
antivirus software
searches executable files for the sequences of characters that might cause harm and disinfects the files by erasing or disabling those commands
Mobile device
small computers designed to fit in the palm of your hand, run on batteries, have more limited capabilities than PCs
Flash memory cards
small, portable cards encased in hard plastic to which data can be written and rewritten using electrical signals
The higher the horizontal and vertical measurement numbers are, the ____________ the objects appear because more objects can fit on the screen at once
smaller
adware
software installed along with another program that generates advertising revenue for the program's creator by displaying targeted ads to the program's user
web browser
software you use to navigate the web
____________ memory
sometimes called RAM _____ or CPU ______ is a special, high-speed memory chip on the motherboard or CPU --frequently or recently accessed data and commands are stored here instead of in RAM
ink-jet printers
spray ink onto paper popular for home use have to replace ink cartridges far more often than toner most are called all-in-one because they include a scanner, a photocopier, and fax capabilities
Solid state media
store data as 1s and 0s that are turned on and off with electrical signals
Magnetic storage media
store data as magnetized particles on a surface
output devices
store or show you output
assistive technology
technology used by people with physical impairments or disabilities --makes computer accessible to them