Computer Science 105- Test 1

To make your computer faster, you can add more ____ The more of this a computer has, the more instructions and data it can store

RAM

Memory that constantly changes while the computer is on and clears when the computer is turned off

RAM -random access memory

A _______ connects devices on a network and controls traffice between them so all devices can access the network

Router

____________ is where the data you create and the instructions you use remain when you are not using them

Storage

hardware

physical components of a computer

Monitor screens are divided into a matrix of small dots called ____________________

pixels

phishing

practice of sending email messages to customers of a legitimate website asking them to click a link in the email message

firewall

prevents malware on one computer from trying to access another computer

Data

refers to the words, numbers, figures, sounds, and graphics that describe people, events, things, and ideas.

The number of pixels the monitor displays is the screen ______________ is expressed as horizontal and vertical measurements, such as 1366x768, 1600x900, or 1920x1200.

resolution

Read-only memory

a chip on the motherboard prerecorded with instructions the computer uses to check its components to ensure they are working, and to activate the software that provides the computer's basic functionality when you turn it on.

Desktop Computers

are designed to sit on a desk and run on power from an electrical outlet.

All-in-one computers

are desktop computers, but the motherboard and CPU are part of the monitor instead of in a separate tower.

Laptop computers

are small, lightweight, and designed for portability. They can run on power supplied by an electrical outlet or on battery power.

Utilities

augment the operating system by taking over some of its responsibility for allocating hardware resources

a series of 8 bits is called a _________________

byte

Solid state drives

hard drives that are faster and tend to be more reliable than magnetic hard drives

system software

helps computer carry out its basic operating tasks

application software

helps the user carry out a variety of specific tasks

World Wide Web

huge collection of information stored on network servers around the world

vertical viewing angle

indicates how far above or below the screen you can be and still see the images on the screen clearly

horizontal viewing angle

indicates how far to the side you can be and still see the images on the screen clearly

commands

instructions to the computer on how to process the data

software

intangible components of a computer system --particularly programs

Wi-Fi

is a standard radio frequency that allows you to transmit data wirelessly over medium-range distances

processing

is modifying data and executing commands

Screen size

is the diagonal measurement from one corner of the screen to the other (not including the plastic housing).

A bit

is the smallest piece of data a computer can process

supercomputers

largest and fastest computers developed for high-volume computing tasks such as weather prediction

Internet

largest network in the world

programs

lists of instructions the computer needs to perform a specific task

Network software

establishes the communication protocols observed on the network and controls the traffic flow as data travels throughout the network

input device

examples= keyboard or a mouse used to input data and issue commands

An _________ file contains the instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task

executable

A _______ is a named collection of stored data

file

All data and instructions are stored as ______

files

system software--what it does

manages the fundamental operations of your computer --loads programs and data into memory, executes programs, saves data to disks, displays info on the monitor, transmits data

smartphone

mobile device used to make and receive phone calles, send/receive texts

most common devices for displaying output are

monitors and printers

circuit board which is a rigid piece of insulating material with circuits, or electrical paths, on it that control specific functions

motherboard

___________ __________--is necessary in order for each computer to create a communication connection between the computer and the network

network adapter

ROM never changes and remains intact when the computer is is turned off, thus, it is called _________ memory or _________ memory

nonvolatile or permanent

spyware

tracks a computer user's internet usage and sends this data back to the company or person who created it

dot matrix printer

transfer ink to the paper by striking a ribbon with pins measured in characters per second

scanner

transfers the content on a piece of paper into memory

mainframe computers

used by larger businesses and gov agencies to centrally store, process, and manage large amounts of data

type of malware that instructs your computer to perform annoying or destructive activities such as erasing or damaging data and programs on your hard disk

virus

RAM is _________ memory or temporary memory

volatile

Collection of webpages

website

document production software

word-processing software, desktop publishing software, email editors, and web authoring software

Operating system

-controls the flow of input and output -allows programs to run properly so the user can multitask -manage files on your storage devices so you can open and save them -maintain security -protects against equipment failure

tera

1 trillion 1,000,000,000,000

kilo

1,000

mega

1,000,000

giga

1,000,000,000

petabyte

1000 terabytes

each character you type is represented by ___ bits

8

Computer

An electronic device that accepts information and instructions from a user, manipulates the information according to the instructions, displays the results in some way, and stores the information for retrieval later.

To store data on a CD, you need to record it on a ________ or ________

CD-R or CD-RW disc

CDs you buy with software or music already on them are ____________ you can read from them but not record additional data on them

CD-ROMS- compact disc read-only memory

Optical storage devices polycarbonate discs coated with a reflective metal on which data is recorded as a trail of tiny pits or dark spots on the surface of the disk

CDs and DVDs

PCs

Computers typically used by one person in a home or an office. Used for general computing tasks such as word processing, manipulating numbers, working with photographs or graphics, exchanging email, and accessing the Internet.

Personal Computers

Only use Microsoft Word

____________ ports allow data to be transmitted at high speeds so they are used to connect computers to one another or to the Internet.

Ethernet

some flat screen monitors use ______ technology which creates the image you see on the on the screen by manipulating light within a layer of liquid crystal

LCD- liquid crystal display

_____________, use the same technology as a photocopier to create a temporary image on paper and then spray it with a powdery substance called toner. The speed of this technology is measured in pages per minute (ppm). Popular in business settings

Laser printers

processing tasks occur in this location, which contains the processing hardware (the computer's major electronic components) and is located inside the computer

MOTHERBOARD

Random access memory

chips on cards that plug into the motherboard temporarily holds programs and data while the computer is on --allows computer to access that information randomly doesn't need to access data in the same sequence in which it was stored measured in gigabytes

database

collection of related data stored on one or more computers organized in a uniform format

Device Drivers

computer programs that handle transmission protocol between a computer and its peripherals by establishing communication between a computer and a device

server

computer that stores programs and data for multiple users authorized users connect to the server to run programs or access files

Network

connects one computer to other computers and peripheral devices-enabling you to share data and resources with others

A _______ file is created by a user

data

Cloud computing

data, applications, and resources are stored on servers accessed over the Internet rather than on users' computers and you can access only what you need when you need it

malware

describes any program that is intended to cause harm or convey information to others without the owner's permission

ergonomic

designed to fit the natural placement of your hands and should reduce the risk of repetitive motion injuries

most often used to print a large number of pages fairly quickly, or multipage, continuous forms such as payroll checks.

dot matrix printers

antivirus software

searches executable files for the sequences of characters that might cause harm and disinfects the files by erasing or disabling those commands

Mobile device

small computers designed to fit in the palm of your hand, run on batteries, have more limited capabilities than PCs

Flash memory cards

small, portable cards encased in hard plastic to which data can be written and rewritten using electrical signals

The higher the horizontal and vertical measurement numbers are, the ____________ the objects appear because more objects can fit on the screen at once

smaller

adware

software installed along with another program that generates advertising revenue for the program's creator by displaying targeted ads to the program's user

web browser

software you use to navigate the web

____________ memory

sometimes called RAM _____ or CPU ______ is a special, high-speed memory chip on the motherboard or CPU --frequently or recently accessed data and commands are stored here instead of in RAM

ink-jet printers

spray ink onto paper popular for home use have to replace ink cartridges far more often than toner most are called all-in-one because they include a scanner, a photocopier, and fax capabilities

Solid state media

store data as 1s and 0s that are turned on and off with electrical signals

Magnetic storage media

store data as magnetized particles on a surface

output devices

store or show you output

assistive technology

technology used by people with physical impairments or disabilities --makes computer accessible to them