Computer Science Final Review

(T/F) you can display the contents of any array by sending its name to cout?

False only works with character arrays

(T/F) You cannot use sorting and search algorithms on vectors

False you can

Can you set two arrays equal to each other via the (=) operator?

No you need to assign element by element

(T/F) To define a function that takes an array parameter, use empty [] for array argument

True

(T/F) vals[i] = *(vals + i)

True

A selection sort and a binary search can be applied to STL Vectors as well as arrays

True

A while loop's body can contain multiple statements, as long as they are enclosed in braces

True

Arrays must be accessed via individual elements (T/F)

True

Assuming myValues is an array of int values and index is an int variable, both of the following statments do the same thing (T/F) cout << myValues[index] << endl; cout << *(myValues + index) << endl;

True

By being able to pass arrays as arguments, you can write your own functions for processing C-strings

True

On average an item is just as likely to be found near the beginning of an array as near the end (T/F)

True

The string class's front and back member functions were introduced in C++11

True

To use any of the smart pointers in C++11 you must use the following directive in the header file: #include <memory> (T/F)

True

When using the strcat function you must be careful not to overwrite the bounds of an array

True

You may use the <, >, <=, >=, ==, and != relational operators to compare string objects.

True

what would this function return? int * newNum();

a pointer

what does toupper do?

if char argument is lowercase letter, return uppercase equivalent, otherwise returns input unchanged

what doe tolower do?

if char argument is uppercase letter, return lowercase equivalent, otherwise return input unchanged

The statement: int grades[ ] = { 100, 90, 99, 80}; shows an example of

implicit array sizing

What will this program do? const int SIZE = 5; int id[SIZE]; double average[SIZE]; char grade[SIZE]; for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) { cout << "Student ID: " << id[i] << " average: " << average[i] << " grade: " << grade[i] << endl;

it will cout the students id, average, and grade up to student 4

To return a pointer as a function the function must ________ in the function

not return a pointer to a local variable

A two dimensional array can have elements of _______ data types

one

This vector function removes an item from a vector

pop_back

Use ______ member function to remove last element from vector scores._______();

pop_back

After the code shown executes, which of the following statements is TRUE? int numbers[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}; int *ptr = numbers; prt++; A) ptr will hold the address of numbers[0] B) ptr will hold the address of numbers[1] C) ptr will hold the address of the second byte within the element numbers[0] D) this code will not compile

ptr will hold the address if numbers[1]

Use _______ member function to add element to a full array or to an array that had no defined size scores._______(75);

push_back

Two dimensional arrays are initialized _________

row by row

Given the following declaration, where is 77 stored in the scores array? int scores[]={83, 62, 77, 97};

scores[2]

Which sort is this? - Locate smallest element in array. Exchange it with element in position 0 - Locate the next smallest element in array and exchange it with element in position 1 - Continue until all elements are arranged in order

selection sort

The _____ sort usually performs fewer exchanges than the ______ sort

selection, bubble

Use _______ member function to determine the size of a vector scores._______();

size

What is the disadvantage of bubble sorts?

slow for larger arrays

The function that accepts a pointer to a C-string as an argument and returns the length of the C-string, not including the null terminator is

strlen

A library function that can find one C-string inside another is

strstr

By using the same ________ you can build relationships between data stored in two or more arrays.

subscript

point variables hold the _______ of the data it points to

the address

Dynamic memory allocation occurs

when a new variable is created at runtime

How do you pass an array to a function?

you use the arrays name

The ________ and ________ operators can be used to increment or decrement a pointer variable

++, --

What will the following code display? int numbers[4] = {99, 87}; cout << numbers[3] << endl;

0

What will the following code display? int numbers[] = {99, 87, 66, 55, 101}; cout << numbers[3] << endl;

55

What is the display for int vals [] = {4,7,11}, *valptr; valptr = vals; cout << *(valptr+1); cout << *(valptr+2)

7 11

A pointer variable is designed to store

A memory address

(T/F) Points cannot be intialized at definition time? int num, *numptr = &num; int val[3], *valptr = val;

False

Before you perform a bubble sort, the data must be stored in descending order

False

In C++ 11 you can pass a string object as an argument to a file stream object's open member function

False

The increment and decrement operators can be used in mathematical expressions however they cannot be used in relational expressions

False

The scope of a variable declared in a for loop's initialization expression always extends beyond the body of the scope

False

The strlen fucntion returns a C-string's length and adds one for \0 (T/F)

False

Must include _______ to use STL vectors in header

#include<vector>

_____ can define one array for multiple sets of data

2D Arrays

What is the output after the following code executes> int numerator = 5; int denominator = 25; int temp = 0; temp = numerator; numerator = denominator; denominator = temp; cout << numerator << "/" << denominator << " = " << (numerator/denominator) << endl;

5/25 = 0.2

How do you relate parrallel arrays?

A subscript is used to relate parallel arrays

What does the resize member function do? vel1.resize(5,0);

Add elements to a vector, optionally initializes them

What does this do? int *intptr; intptr = &num;

Assigns an address to a pointer variable

It is _____ to pass an argument to a function that contains an individual array element such as scores[3]

D

What is true about this statement sum += *array++; A) This statement will cause a complier error B)This statement is illegal in C++ C) This statement increments the dereferenced pointers value by one, then assigns that value D) This statement assigns the dereferenced pointer's value , then increments the pointer's address E) None of these

D

What does the following statement do? double *num2;

Declares a point

What does the swap member function do? vec1.swap(vec2);

Exchange the contents of two vectors

What displays the address of the variable numb?

I think cout << &numb;

Disadvantage of Linear Search

Inefficient(slow)

What does the following statement do? vector<int> v(10);

It creates a vector object with a staring size of 10

What does the capacity member function do? vel1.capacity();

Returns the maximum number of elements a vector can store without allocating more memory

What does the at member function do? cout << vec1.at(i);

Returns the value of the element at position i

What does the reverse member function do? vel1.reverse();

Reverse the order of the elements in a vector

What will the following statement output? cout << &num1;

The memory address of the variable named num1

What is the cout for this program? int main () { int x =25; int *ptr; ptr = &x; cout << "The value in x is " << x << endl; cout << "The address of x is " << ptr << endl; return 0; }

The value in x is 25 The address of x is 0x7e00

Assuming ptr is a pointer variable, what will the following statement output? cout << *ptr;

The value stored in the variable whose address is contained in ptr

What does this do? vector<int> scores(30);

declares a vector with initial size of 30

is this valid ? int quizzes [3]; Y/N

Yes

is this valid? int quizzes [] = {12,13,15}; Y/N

Yes

What is the purpose of this? tests[i]++

adds 1 to the tests[i]

The _______, also known as the address operator, returns the memory address of a variable

ampersand &

What type of values can STL vector hold?

any value type

Which of the following converts the string "10" to the integer value 10?

atoi ("10");

The function that accepts a C-string as an argument and converts the string to a long integer is

atol

Binary Search requires array elements to _______

be in order

Subscript numbering in C++

begins with zero

Which sort is this? - Compares 1st two elements - Exchanges elements if needed - Passes through again and repeats until pass made with no exchanges

bubble Sort

what does isalnum do?

check if argument is a letter or number

what does isprint do?

check if argument is a printable character

what does ispunt do?

check if argument is a punctuation character

what does isspace do?

check if argument is a whitespace

what does isupper do?

check if argument is an uppercase letter

what does islower do?

check if argument is lowercase

what does isdigit do?

check if the argument is a digit between 0-9

what does isalpha do?

check is argument is a letter

To remove all content of a vector, use _______ member function scores._______();

clear

Use the delete operator on pointers that were

created with the new operator

What does this do? vector<int> finals(scores);

declare a vector initialized to size and contents of another vector

What does this do? vector<int> scores(30, 0);

declares a vector and initialize all elements to 0

What does this do? vector<int> scores;

declares a vector to hold int elements

use ____ to free dynamic memory

delete

Which of the following statements deletes memory that has been dynamically allocated for an array?

delete [] array;

What is the display? int vals[] = {4, 7, 11}; cout << *vals;

displays 4

What is the display? int vals[] = {4, 7, 11}; int *valptr = vals; cout << valptr[1];

displays 7

The individual values contained in an array are known as

elements

To determine if vector is empty, use ______ member function: while (!scores._____())

empty

What is the purpose of this? tests[i++];

increments i value

The ______ operator allows you to access the item that the pointer points to

indirection

How do you make an array with more than three elements?

intialized all but one element

What does this mean int *intptr;

intptr can hold the address of an int

To determine whether a character entered is a letter of the alphabet use the ____________

isalpha

To test whether a character is a printable character use the _______ function

isprint

Starting at the first element this algorithm steps through an array examining each element until it locates the value it is searching for

linear search

A binary search begins with the __________ element of an array

middle

Benefit of using a selection sort

more efficient than a bubble sort since there is fewer exchanges

_____ returns address of memory location

new

use ___ operator to allocate memory

new

When you pass a pointer as an argument to a function, you must

none of these

What happens when you use a subscript that is out of bounds in an array

the elements out of bounds dont exist

What does this loop do? int tnum; double average, sum = 0; for (tnum = 0; tnum < SIZE; tnum++) sum += tests[tnum];

the loop adds together all the array elements

The range based for loop in c++11 is designed to work with a built in variable known as

the range based variable

What happens when an array is initialized with fewer values than the size declarator

the remaining elements will be set to 0

An array can store a group of values, but the values must be

the same data type

The following function should swap the values contained in two integer variables, num1 and num2 What if anything is wrong with this function? void swap(int num1, int num2) { int temp = num2; num2 = num1; num1 = temp; }

the swap function must use reference parameters