Computer Science Unit 1

What is the binary RGB triplet for the color indigo? indigo (75, 0, 130) in RGB

(01001011, 00000000, 10000010)

Convert the decimal (base-10) number 20 to binary (base-2).

10100

Computers use 4 bits to represent decimal numbers in binary. What is the SMALLEST number for which an overflow error occurs?

16

Your computer uses 4 bits to represent decimal numbers (0, 1, 2, 3 and so on) in binary. What is the SMALLEST number for which an overflow error occur?

16

An online store uses 6-bit binary sequences to identify each unique item for sale. The store plans to increase the number of items it sells and is considering using 7-bit binary sequences. Which of the following best describes the result of using 7-bit sequences instead of 6-bit sequences?

2 times as many items can be uniquely identified.

How many total numbers can be represented with an 8-bit binary (base-2) system?

256

Consider the 4-bit binary numbers 0011, 0110, and 1111. Which of the following decimal values is NOT equal to one of these binary numbers?

9

Convert the binary (base-2) number 1001 to decimal (base-10).

9

A person wants to transmit an audio file from a device to a second device. Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the use of lossless compression of the original file?

A device compresses the audio file before transmitting it to a second device. The second device restores the compressed file to its original version before playing it.

Which of the following is an advantage of a lossless compression algorithm over a lossy compression algorithm?

A lossless compression algorithm can guarantee reconstruction of original data, while a lossy compression algorithm cannot.

Which of the following binary (base-2) numbers is LARGEST?

A-11000000

How do computers represent complex information? (explain what abstractions are)

Abstractions manage complexity, the way they do that is to allow us to only worry about the top layer and nothing below it. For example, we only see a picture on a screen, but under that is pixels, and binary numbers, and bits, etc.

A certain programming language uses 4-bit binary sequences to represent nonnegative integers. For example, the binary sequence 0101 represents the corresponding decimal value 5. Using this programming language, a programmer attempts to add the decimal values 14 and 15 and assign the sum to the variable total. Which of the following best describes the result of this operation?

An overflow error will occur because 4 bits is not large enough to represent 29, the sum of 14 and 15.

Which of the following is NOT true of how computers represent complex information?

B-Abstraction helps represent complex information by surfacing complexity that might otherwise be hidden

Arman takes a picture with his smartphone which he subsequently posts online. Beatrice finds the picture online and posts a copy of it on her website with an attached Creative Commons license. Which of the following best describes who owns the photo?

B-Arman owns the photo because he was the original creator and did not license the work.

Which of the following is true of lossy and lossless compression algorithms?

B-Lossy compression algorithms are typically better than lossless compression algorithms at reducing the number of bits needed to represent a piece of data.

When visiting a museum Lian takes a photo of a painting with a smartphone which stores the photo as an image file. Which of the following best describes the differences between the painting itself and the photo of the painting stored on the smartphone?

B-The photo is a digital representation of the analog painting

Which of the following is true of how computers represent numbers?

B-With a fixed number of bits some numbers are too large to represent in a computer which will lead to overflow errors.

Which of the following statements about byte pair encoding is true?

Byte pair encoding is an example of a lossless transformation because an encoded string can be restored to its original version.

Which of the following best describes how computing devices represent information?

C- A computer represents data as bits which is either a 0 or a 1

Which of the following is true of intellectual property?

C- Creative Commons enables content creators to freely distribute their otherwise copyrighted work

A user wants to save a data file on an online storage site. The user wants to reduce the size of the file, if possible, and wants to be able to completely restore the file to its original version. Which of the following actions best supports the user's needs?

Compressing the file using a lossless compression algorithm before uploading it

How do computing devices represent information?

Computing devices represent information through binary numbers and bits. A bit is a Binary Digit, one single unit of information in a computer represented as a 1 or 0. A Binary Number is a base 2 unit with two possible different digits. For example 1001 would represent the decimal number 9

Which of the following best describes the impact of Creative Commons?

Creative Commons gives creators of digital content the ability to indicate how their works can be legally used and distributed, enabling broad access to digital information.

Jorge is sending a large image file to a friend as part of a shared classroom project. Which of the following is most likely true if Jorge opts to compress the image before sending it?

D- The image will require fewer bits in order to be represented.

Ryan is designing an app that needs to quickly send low quality photos between users. Most smartphones take much higher quality photos than Ryan needs for his app. Which answer best describes the type of compression Ryan should choose and why?

D-Lossy compression since it typically results in smaller data sizes.

Lucy is completing a project as part of a science class using materials she found online. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY to lead to legal consequences?

D-Using images posted online by another student without permission or citation.

Consider the following numeric values. Binary 1011 Binary 1101 Decimal 5 Decimal 12 Which of the following lists the values in order from least to greatest?

Decimal 5, binary 1011, decimal 12, binary 1101

What control is represented by the decimal value 15 ? ←01000 ↑01001 →01011 ↓01111 Jump11000 Run11001 Pause11011 Reset11111

Down

overflow error

Error that results when the number of bits is not enough to represent the number (like a car's odometer "rolling over").

A video game character can face toward one of four directions: north, south, east, and west. Each direction is stored in memory as a sequence of four bits. A new version of the game is created in which the character can face toward one of eight directions, adding northwest, northeast, southwest, and southeast to the original four possibilities. Which of the following statements is true about how the eight directions must be stored in memory?

Four bits are enough to store the eight directions.

Which of the following are true statements about the data that can be represented using binary sequences? Binary sequences can be used to represent strings of characters. Binary sequences can be used to represent colors. Binary sequences can be used to represent audio recordings.

I II III

An author is considering publishing an e-book using a Creative Commons license. In which of the following situations would it be better for the author to use a Creative Commons license instead of a traditional copyright? The author wants to make the e-book available as a free download. The author wants to prevent people from sharing copies of the e-book on peer-to-peer networks. The author wants to allow people permission to use and modify the e-book.

I and III

How is an actual painting different from how a photo is stored on a smartphone?

In an actual painting, you can see all of the layers and colors on the canvas, the photo stored on a smartphone is a digital representation of the picture.

The author of an e-book publishes the e-book using a no-rights-reserved Creative Commons license. Which of the following best explains the consequences of publishing the book with this type of license?

Individuals can freely distribute or use the contents of the e-book without needing to obtain additional permissions from the author.

What ASCII character is represented by the binary (base 2) number 1001010 ?

J

A programmer is developing software for a social media platform. The programmer is planning to use compression when users send attachments to other users. Which of the following is a true statement about the use of compression?

Lossy compression of an image file generally provides a greater reduction in transmission time than lossless compression does.

In which of the following situations would it be most appropriate to choose lossy compression over lossless compression?

Storing music files on a smartphone in order to maximize the number of songs that can be stored

What is an advantage and disadvantage of using lossless compression over lossy compression?

The big benefit and advantage of lossless compression are that it allows you to retain the quality of your images while reducing their file size. Disadvantages are Larger files than if you were to use lossy compression.

At one time, the count for the most popular video was about two million. Sometime later, the same video displayed a seven-digit negative number as its count, while the counts for the other videos displayed correctly. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the error?

The count for the video became larger than the maximum value allowed by the data type used to store the count.

In a certain computer program, two positive integers are added together, resulting in an overflow error. Which of the following best explains why the error occurs?

The program can only use a fixed number of bits to represent integers; the computed sum is greater than the maximum representable value.

A programmer created a piece of software and wants to publish it using a Creative Commons license. Which of the following is a direct benefit of publishing the software with this type of license?

The programmer can specify the ways that other people are legally allowed to use and distribute the software.

A researcher wants to publish the results of a study in an open access journal. Which of the following is a direct benefit of publishing the results in this type of publication?

The researcher can allow the results to be easily obtained by other researchers and members of the general public.

A user reads reviews of a popular artist's new album and then downloads the album from the Web site of a licensed online music seller. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a consequence of this action?

The user will be in violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA).

Which of the following is a true statement about data compression?

There are trade-offs involved in choosing a compression technique for storing and transmitting data.

ASCII characters can also be represented by hexadecimal numbers. According to ASCII character encoding, which of the following letters is represented by the hexadecimal (base 16) number 56?

V