COMS 101 Chapters 1-5 Test

ESSAY: List and briefly describe three barrier types that can prevent communication.

- Physical Barriers: sight and sound barriers can prevent a recipient from receiving a message (deaf person.) - Linguistic barriers: the recipient must understand the meaning's signified by both the senders verbal and nonverbal language (different languages) - Belief Barriers: differences in their most basic assumptions about life that can prevent people from understanding each other. (Religion)

ESSAY QUESTION: Identify and briefly define the seven non-verbal message forms?

1. Vocalics: a person's use of volume, tone, pitch, etc. 2. Kinesics: bodily movement (gestures, facial expressions, eye contact) 3. Proxemics: space 4. Haptics: touch 5. Chronemics: time 6. Appearance: looks 7. Artifacts: appendages (clothes, jewelry, etc.)

Worldview

A composite of your beliefs about human origin (where we came from, human nature (what makes us human), human purpose (why we are here), and human destiny (where we are going.)

Synecdoche

Alludes to something by either highlighting only one aspect of it or something broader that includes it

The definition of communication comes from which twentieth century theorists?

Claude Shannon, Warren Weaver & Wilbur Schramm

Communication derives from the root word ______, which is _______.

Communis, latin

special grace

God's extension to humans of a remedy for their spiritual alienation from Him. It benefits those who acknowledge His Lordship ad submit to it repentantly before they die physically.

Common grace

God's undeserved act of giving humans immeasurable blessings, that they have no right to expect from Him.

ESSAY QUESTION: How do literal word forms differ from figurative word forms?

Literal words: if words are used forthrightly to signify the person, place, thing, idea, action, or state of being that the words of combination of words evidently symbolize. Figurative words: if words are used indirectly to signify a secondary meaning that is not patently obvious when the words are taken at face value

Can communication occur if the message is received but not understood?

No

ESSAY QUESTION: Pragmatic/ Naturalist truth standards

Pragmatic: Feeling or behavior is acceptable if it simply "works" for the person who holds it, regardless of whether it logically consists with anyone else's experiences and standards Naturalist: an individual instinctively communicates with other individuals to establish connections that boost their likelihood for survival

Social Constructionism

They believe that because each person experiences the world in a unique way, no two persons can come to see the world in exactly the same way, no matter how hard they may try to do so.

ESSAY QUESTION: Utilitarian truth standards

a belief, feeling, or behavior is acceptable if it promotes the greatest good not for the individual, but for humanity as a whole

Idiom

a combination of words the means something different than the words' literal meaning

Euphemism

a mild term word in place of a harsh word to relay the same basic idea

Word

a sound or its representation in writing or print, that symbolizes and communicates a meaning

paradox

a statement that appears to be self-refuting but that is, in fact, true or possibly true

Existentialism

although we come to see the world as we do by the people who influence us through socialization, this neither has to be nor should be so.

Informed generalization

an educated speculation about the senders motives and message meanings

God-conciousness

as an expositor, the redemptive critic explains the human capacity to be awed by nature as a God-given clue to His existence and to the fact that the universe has a purpose

In english, communis means _____________.What is the core concept of communis?

common, general, universal, public; oneness

Similie

compares two otherwise dissimilar things, usually via the modifiers like or as

Christian theists recognize God's word, the Bible, as perectly authoritative in anything that it addresses... Because its author's knowledge and character are perfect and constant, His Word's truth claims are received as...

fixed (they do not change), uniform (they consist with each other), and universal in their sweep (they are true for all people at all times.)

Rationalistic/empiracal truth standards

hold that a belief, feeling or behavior is unacceptable if it is illogical or if it is at odds with what common human observation tells us is true

Metaphor:

identifies one thing in a way that symbolically stands for another thing

Group communication

interaction among three or more people for a common purpose

Polychronic cultures:

less structured and have fewer rules governing the use of time

Biblically informed view of truth

not a biological illusion or a social construction, but that which actually is the case, regardless of how it is perceived

Postmodernism

people act as they do and become what they become as a reaction to their lifetime of conditioning experiences

Emancipation

promoting remedies for these supposed misuses of power

Decoding

recipients act of interpreting the message they receive

ESSAY QUESTION: Theocentric view

recognizes that God, discloses indiscernable foundational truths through scripture, and that these otherwise hidden disclosures rightly frame and give direction to human questions to make sense of anything, including communication.

Theocentric worldview

recognizes that God, the timeless, changeless source and sustainer of the universe and the source of all knowledge, discloses otherwise indiscernible foundational truths through Scripture, and that these otherwise hidden disclosures rightly frame and give direction to human questions to make sense of anything, including communication

Exposition

showing how social influences can impact what people become and how privileged groups use this to promote themselves at others' expense

Interpersonal communication

social interaction among two or more people, usually in a face-to-face environment, but possible in real-time virtual environments

Delusional person

someone who does not know that such an inconsistency exists because he or chooses to disbelieve in its existence, even though this person has reason for believing that it does exist.

Ignorant person

someone who does not know that such an inconsistency exists because he or she has no reason to know it exists

Autonomous worldview

systems of belief that people develop on their own, primarily in response to what human standards have taught them to deem believable or acceptable

Redemptive criticism

the attempt to make sense of human communicative behavior and specific communications in the light of divine relationship

Physical constitution

the bodily dynamics that help to shape someone's personality, and, by extension, his or her openness to certain types of ideas, feelings, or behaviors

Personification

the figurative ascription of human qualities to something that is not human

Dysphemism

the figurative use of a harsh term instead of a mild term for an intended effect

Stereotype

the human tendency to form careless beliefs about people based on their features or group identity

Transmission

the process through which the encoded message makes its way to the recipient

purpose-conciousness

the redemptive critic also understands that the happiness for which people long and that gives shape to their behavior cannot be satisfied by anything in their surroundings, but only by the infinite person who created them.

Ethical consciousness

the redemptive critic shows, through exposition, how our craving for perfect solutions to problems exists because God, as an expression of His common grace, has placed within out hearts a yearning for redemption, for a restoration of righteousness that he alone can deliver.

Encoding

the senders act, whether intentional or unintentional, of expressing his attitude, beliefs, feelings, or value in a tangible form, one that a recipient can perceive and decode in a way that brings understanding

Spiritual constitution

the state of spiritual brokenness into which people are born and which conditions them to seek things that are God-like rather than God himself

How does the textbook define communication?

the transmission of meaningful information from one person or group of persons (the sender) to another person or group of persons (the recipient) in a way that generates shared attitudes, values, beliefs, or behaviors between the send and recipient.

Physical determinism

they see the universe as a self-created, self-sustaining machine, consisting of material particles and processes and nothing more than these, that invariably follow the course that physics has blindly programmed it to follow. (Relies on speculations)

What is the purpose of the rhetorical approach of communication?

to identify and explain the communication steps people take in their various quests to establish points of oneness with others

What is the purpose of the expositional approach of communication?

to identify, analyze, and attempt to explain the difference of attitudes, values, beliefs, feelings, or behaviors that unify people as a whole or come to unify groups of people.

Monochromatic cultures:

view time in a highly structured manner, reducing life to a series of tasks that are generally accomplished, one at a time, in a designated sequence

Public communication

when a speaker formally addresses a group of typically 10 or more individuals in a face-to-face environment when interactivity is possible but generally not practiced

mass communication

when people use media technology to distribute information to a large group of physically detached people

Mediated communication

when senders use technologies to channel messages to recipients