COMS 101 Chapters 1-5 Test
ESSAY: List and briefly describe three barrier types that can prevent communication.
- Physical Barriers: sight and sound barriers can prevent a recipient from receiving a message (deaf person.) - Linguistic barriers: the recipient must understand the meaning's signified by both the senders verbal and nonverbal language (different languages) - Belief Barriers: differences in their most basic assumptions about life that can prevent people from understanding each other. (Religion)
ESSAY QUESTION: Identify and briefly define the seven non-verbal message forms?
1. Vocalics: a person's use of volume, tone, pitch, etc. 2. Kinesics: bodily movement (gestures, facial expressions, eye contact) 3. Proxemics: space 4. Haptics: touch 5. Chronemics: time 6. Appearance: looks 7. Artifacts: appendages (clothes, jewelry, etc.)
Worldview
A composite of your beliefs about human origin (where we came from, human nature (what makes us human), human purpose (why we are here), and human destiny (where we are going.)
Synecdoche
Alludes to something by either highlighting only one aspect of it or something broader that includes it
The definition of communication comes from which twentieth century theorists?
Claude Shannon, Warren Weaver & Wilbur Schramm
Communication derives from the root word ______, which is _______.
Communis, latin
special grace
God's extension to humans of a remedy for their spiritual alienation from Him. It benefits those who acknowledge His Lordship ad submit to it repentantly before they die physically.
Common grace
God's undeserved act of giving humans immeasurable blessings, that they have no right to expect from Him.
ESSAY QUESTION: How do literal word forms differ from figurative word forms?
Literal words: if words are used forthrightly to signify the person, place, thing, idea, action, or state of being that the words of combination of words evidently symbolize. Figurative words: if words are used indirectly to signify a secondary meaning that is not patently obvious when the words are taken at face value
Can communication occur if the message is received but not understood?
No
ESSAY QUESTION: Pragmatic/ Naturalist truth standards
Pragmatic: Feeling or behavior is acceptable if it simply "works" for the person who holds it, regardless of whether it logically consists with anyone else's experiences and standards Naturalist: an individual instinctively communicates with other individuals to establish connections that boost their likelihood for survival
Social Constructionism
They believe that because each person experiences the world in a unique way, no two persons can come to see the world in exactly the same way, no matter how hard they may try to do so.
ESSAY QUESTION: Utilitarian truth standards
a belief, feeling, or behavior is acceptable if it promotes the greatest good not for the individual, but for humanity as a whole
Idiom
a combination of words the means something different than the words' literal meaning
Euphemism
a mild term word in place of a harsh word to relay the same basic idea
Word
a sound or its representation in writing or print, that symbolizes and communicates a meaning
paradox
a statement that appears to be self-refuting but that is, in fact, true or possibly true
Existentialism
although we come to see the world as we do by the people who influence us through socialization, this neither has to be nor should be so.
Informed generalization
an educated speculation about the senders motives and message meanings
God-conciousness
as an expositor, the redemptive critic explains the human capacity to be awed by nature as a God-given clue to His existence and to the fact that the universe has a purpose
In english, communis means _____________.What is the core concept of communis?
common, general, universal, public; oneness
Similie
compares two otherwise dissimilar things, usually via the modifiers like or as
Christian theists recognize God's word, the Bible, as perectly authoritative in anything that it addresses... Because its author's knowledge and character are perfect and constant, His Word's truth claims are received as...
fixed (they do not change), uniform (they consist with each other), and universal in their sweep (they are true for all people at all times.)
Rationalistic/empiracal truth standards
hold that a belief, feeling or behavior is unacceptable if it is illogical or if it is at odds with what common human observation tells us is true
Metaphor:
identifies one thing in a way that symbolically stands for another thing
Group communication
interaction among three or more people for a common purpose
Polychronic cultures:
less structured and have fewer rules governing the use of time
Biblically informed view of truth
not a biological illusion or a social construction, but that which actually is the case, regardless of how it is perceived
Postmodernism
people act as they do and become what they become as a reaction to their lifetime of conditioning experiences
Emancipation
promoting remedies for these supposed misuses of power
Decoding
recipients act of interpreting the message they receive
ESSAY QUESTION: Theocentric view
recognizes that God, discloses indiscernable foundational truths through scripture, and that these otherwise hidden disclosures rightly frame and give direction to human questions to make sense of anything, including communication.
Theocentric worldview
recognizes that God, the timeless, changeless source and sustainer of the universe and the source of all knowledge, discloses otherwise indiscernible foundational truths through Scripture, and that these otherwise hidden disclosures rightly frame and give direction to human questions to make sense of anything, including communication
Exposition
showing how social influences can impact what people become and how privileged groups use this to promote themselves at others' expense
Interpersonal communication
social interaction among two or more people, usually in a face-to-face environment, but possible in real-time virtual environments
Delusional person
someone who does not know that such an inconsistency exists because he or chooses to disbelieve in its existence, even though this person has reason for believing that it does exist.
Ignorant person
someone who does not know that such an inconsistency exists because he or she has no reason to know it exists
Autonomous worldview
systems of belief that people develop on their own, primarily in response to what human standards have taught them to deem believable or acceptable
Redemptive criticism
the attempt to make sense of human communicative behavior and specific communications in the light of divine relationship
Physical constitution
the bodily dynamics that help to shape someone's personality, and, by extension, his or her openness to certain types of ideas, feelings, or behaviors
Personification
the figurative ascription of human qualities to something that is not human
Dysphemism
the figurative use of a harsh term instead of a mild term for an intended effect
Stereotype
the human tendency to form careless beliefs about people based on their features or group identity
Transmission
the process through which the encoded message makes its way to the recipient
purpose-conciousness
the redemptive critic also understands that the happiness for which people long and that gives shape to their behavior cannot be satisfied by anything in their surroundings, but only by the infinite person who created them.
Ethical consciousness
the redemptive critic shows, through exposition, how our craving for perfect solutions to problems exists because God, as an expression of His common grace, has placed within out hearts a yearning for redemption, for a restoration of righteousness that he alone can deliver.
Encoding
the senders act, whether intentional or unintentional, of expressing his attitude, beliefs, feelings, or value in a tangible form, one that a recipient can perceive and decode in a way that brings understanding
Spiritual constitution
the state of spiritual brokenness into which people are born and which conditions them to seek things that are God-like rather than God himself
How does the textbook define communication?
the transmission of meaningful information from one person or group of persons (the sender) to another person or group of persons (the recipient) in a way that generates shared attitudes, values, beliefs, or behaviors between the send and recipient.
Physical determinism
they see the universe as a self-created, self-sustaining machine, consisting of material particles and processes and nothing more than these, that invariably follow the course that physics has blindly programmed it to follow. (Relies on speculations)
What is the purpose of the rhetorical approach of communication?
to identify and explain the communication steps people take in their various quests to establish points of oneness with others
What is the purpose of the expositional approach of communication?
to identify, analyze, and attempt to explain the difference of attitudes, values, beliefs, feelings, or behaviors that unify people as a whole or come to unify groups of people.
Monochromatic cultures:
view time in a highly structured manner, reducing life to a series of tasks that are generally accomplished, one at a time, in a designated sequence
Public communication
when a speaker formally addresses a group of typically 10 or more individuals in a face-to-face environment when interactivity is possible but generally not practiced
mass communication
when people use media technology to distribute information to a large group of physically detached people
Mediated communication
when senders use technologies to channel messages to recipients